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4690150300A1C019088Pengujian Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor pada Berbagai Jenis dan Kondisi TanahKelembaban tanah merupakan faktor penting dalam mendukung efisiensi
penggunaan air dalam pertanian. Efisiensi irigasi yang masih rendah mendorong
perlunya sistem pemantauan kadar air secara real time guna mendukung
pengelolaan air lebih tepat guna. Salah satu alat yang digunakan pada sistem ini
adalah Capacaitive Soil Moisture Sensor yang bekerja berdasarkan perubahan
kapasitansi akibat kadar air tanah. Meskipun sensor ini telah banyak digunakan
secara konvensional, namun hingga kini masih minim dilakukan uji kalibrasi
terhadap berbagai jenis dan kondisi tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk
mengevaluasi performa Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor dalam mengukur kadar air
tanah menggunakan pendekatan regresi. Sensor ini diuji pada berbagai jenis dan
kondisi tanah, yaitu entisol, ultisol, tanah inceptisol, dan beberapa tanah campuran.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor memberikan respon
tegangan yang berbanding terbalik terhadap kadar air tanah pada berbagai jenis
tanah, yaitu tanah entisol, ultisol, inceptisol, dan tanah campuran. Hubungan antara
kadar air tanah (x) dan luaran sensor (Y) dapat dimodelkan dengan regresi linier
sebagai berikut, Y=-21,096x+47,592 untuk tanah entisol, Y=-27,226x+67,351
untuk tanah ultisol, Y=-47,8x+101,96 untuk tanah inceptisol, dan Y=-
23,805x+53,849 untuk tanah campuran. Hasil pengujian performa sensor
menunjukkan nilai Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) yang relatif rendah,
yaitu sebesar 8,24% pada tanah entisol, 4,30% pada ultisol, 3,12% pada tanah
inceptisol, dan 4,8% pada tanah campuran. Nilai MAPE yang rendah ini
menunjukkan bahwa sensor memiliki tingkat akurasi yang baik dan layak
digunakan untuk pemantauan kadar air tanah secara real-time di berbagai kondisi
lahan.		Soil moisture is an important factor in supporting the efficiency of water use
in agriculture. The still low irrigation efficiency encourages the need for a real-
time water content monitoring system to support more efficient water management.
One of the tools used in this system is the Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor which
works based on changes in capacitance due to soil water content. Although this
sensor has been widely used conventionally, until now there has been minimal
calibration testing on various types and conditions of soil. This study aims to
evaluate the performance of the Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor in measuring soil
water content using a regression approach. This sensor was tested on various types
and conditions of soil, namely entisol, ultisol, inceptisol, and several mixed soils.
The results showed that the Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor provided a voltage
response that was inversely proportional to soil water content in This sensor was
tested on various types of soil, namely entisol, ultisol, inceptisol, and mixed soil.
The relationship between soil water content (x) and sensor output (Y) can be
modeled by linear regression as follows, Y=-21.096x+47.592 for entisol, Y=-
27.226x+67.351 for ultisol soil, Y=-47.8x+101.96 for inceptisol,, and Y=-
23.805x+53.849 for mixed soil. The results of sensor performance testing show a
relatively low Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) value, which is 8.24% in
entisol,, 4.30% in ultisol, 3.12% in inceptisol,, and 4.8% in mixed soil. This low
MAPE value indicates that the sensor has a good level of accuracy and is suitable
for real-time monitoring of soil water content in various land conditions.
4690250290A1A018061Analisis Kelayakan Usahatani Melon (Cucumis melo L) di Kebun
Senggani Kabupaten Banyumas		Melon merupakan komoditas hortikultura bernilai ekonomi tinggi yang digemari masyarakat Indonesia karena cita rasa, tekstur, dan kandungan airnya. Meskipun produksi nasional melon meningkat dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, produktivitas di Kabupaten Banyumas masih berfluktuasi. Salah satu bentuk pertanian modern di wilayah tersebut adalah Kebun Senggani yang membudidayakan melon golden premium dengan sistem hidroponik dalam greenhouse. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis biaya, penerimaan, pendapatan, serta kelayakan finansial usahatani melon di Kebun Senggani, Desa Kutaliman, Kecamatan Kedungbanteng. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara dengan petani, dan dokumentasi, meliputi biaya tetap, biaya variabel, harga jual, serta penerimaan per musim tanam, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis biaya, penerimaan, pendapatan, serta Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C ratio). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan biaya tetap sebesar Rp14.435.335,00 dan biaya variabel Rp21.858.000,00 per musim tanam sehingga total biaya mencapai Rp36.293.335,00, dengan produksi melon sebanyak 2.383 kg dan harga jual Rp30.000,00 per buah menghasilkan penerimaan Rp71.490.000,00 dan pendapatan bersih Rp35.196.665,00. Nilai R/C ratio sebesar 1,97 menunjukkan bahwa setiap Rp1 biaya yang dikeluarkan menghasilkan Rp1,97 penerimaan, sehingga usahatani melon di Kebun Senggani layak dan menguntungkan. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa prospek pengembangan usahatani melon di Kabupaten Banyumas cukup potensial melalui efisiensi biaya, perbaikan sistem pemasaran, serta penguatan manajemen risiko, sekaligus dapat menjadi referensi aplikatif bagi petani, pelaku agribisnis, dan pemerintah daerah.Melon is a high-value horticultural commodity widely favored by Indonesian consumers for its taste, texture, and water content, with national production showing significant growth in recent years although productivity in Banyumas Regency remains fluctuating. One modern farming initiative in the area is Kebun Senggani, which cultivates premium golden melon using a hydroponic system in a greenhouse. This study aimed to analyze the costs, revenues, income, and financial feasibility of melon farming at Kebun Senggani, Kutaliman Village, Kedungbanteng District. Data were collected through field observation, farmer interviews, and documentation, covering fixed costs, variable costs, revenues, and selling prices per planting season, and were analyzed using cost, revenue, income, and feasibility analysis with the Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C ratio) approach. The results showed fixed costs of IDR 14,435,335.00 and variable costs of IDR 21,858,000.00, bringing the total to IDR 36,293,335.00 per planting season, with production reaching 2,383 fruits sold at IDR 30,000.00 each, generating revenues of IDR 71,490,000.00 and a net income of IDR 35,196,665.00. The R/C ratio of 1.97 indicated that every IDR 1 invested yielded IDR 1.97 in revenue, confirming that the business is financially feasible and profitable. The findings suggest that melon farming at Kebun Senggani has promising development prospects that can be further improved through cost efficiency, better marketing strategies, and enhanced risk management, while also serving as a practical reference for farmers, agribusiness actors, and local governments in supporting melon agribusiness development in Banyumas Regency.
4690350291E1B021009THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SAFE HOUSES IN WITNESS AND VICTIM PROTECTION
(Case Study of the Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK))
Kejahatan dan kekerasan yang masih marak terjadi di Indonesia menegaskan urgensi perlindungan saksi dan korban dalam sistem peradilan pidana. Salah satu bentuk perlindungan yang disediakan oleh Lembaga Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban (LPSK) adalah rumah aman, yaitu fasilitas yang bertujuan untuk menyediakan akomodasi sementara maupun tempat tinggal baru yang bersifat rahasia serta sesuai dengan standar keamanan yang telah ditetapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas rumah aman LPSK dalam memberikan perlindungan, baik fisik maupun nonfisik, bagi saksi dan korban, serta mengkaji tantangan yang dihadapi LPSK dalam implementasi program rumah aman. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sosio-legal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LPSK relatif efektif dalam melaksanakan program rumah aman, karena tujuan yang telah ditetapkan dalam regulasi pada umumnya dapat tercapai. Efektivitas tersebut tercermin dalam penyediaan perlindungan fisik yang komprehensif, antara lain melalui penerapan protokol keamanan yang ketat dan penyediaan hunian rahasia, serta perlindungan nonfisik yang meliputi bantuan hukum, dukungan psikologis, dan bantuan psiko-sosial-ekonomi bagi individu yang mendapatkan perlindungan. Namun demikian, dalam praktiknya LPSK masih menghadapi sejumlah hambatan mendasar. Meskipun kerangka regulasi yang ada dinilai cukup kuat dan berorientasi pada aspek keamanan (misalnya melalui pembatasan penggunaan perangkat komunikasi pribadi), implementasi ketentuan tersebut menimbulkan dilema. Benturan budaya dalam lingkungan rumah aman berdampak pada kondisi psikologis serta tingkat kepatuhan individu yang dilindungi, yang pada akhirnya sering mendorong mereka untuk menghentikan perlindungan lebih awal, meskipun LPSK telah berupaya mengatasinya dengan menyediakan aktivitas alternatif dan dukungan psikologis.As crime and violence persist in Indonesia, the protection of witnesses and victims is crucial for the justice system. Safe House is a form of protection provided by the Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK) for witnesses and victims, intended to facilitate temporary accommodation or a new residence that is confidential and in accordance with security standards. This research aims to analyse the effectiveness of LPSK’s safe houses in providing both physical and non-physical protection for witnesses and victims, as well as to examine the challenges faced by LPSK in implementing the safe house program. This study adopts a socio-legal research method. This research found that LPSK has been quite effective in implementing the safe houses. This is because the purpose of safe houses according to the regulations has been achieved. This is implemented through comprehensive physical protection, including strict security protocols and the provision of a confidential residence, as well as extensive non-physical protection, such as legal assistance, psychological support, and psychosocial-economic aid for protected individuals. In implementing its safe house program, LPSK faces several fundamental obstacles. While the regulations are strong and prioritize security (e.g., restricting personal communication devices), this creates a dilemma in practice. This cultural friction negatively impacts the psychological well-being and compliance of protected individuals, often leading them to prematurely terminate their protection, despite LPSK's efforts to provide alternative activities and psychological support.
4690450293A1A018068Analisis Preferensi Konsumen Dalam Pembelian Sayuran Organik Di Kota Cirebon Jawa BaratPola konsumsi sayuran organik di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh berbagai
faktor, seperti kesadaran kesehatan, pendapatan, harga, dan aksesibilitas. Terdapat
peningkatan minat terhadap sayuran organik, konsumsi produk ini masih terbatas.
Konsumen yang lebih sadar akan manfaat kesehatan cenderung memilih sayuran
organik meskipun harganya lebih mahal. Sayuran organik merupakan salah satu
pilihan masyarakat untuk mencapai hidup yang sehat. Sehingga tingkat
konsumsi sayuran organik meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui
karakteristik konsumen yang membeli sayuran organik dan atribut-atribut yang di
pertimbangkan oleh konsumen dalam pembelian sayuran organik di Kota Cirebon.
Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode survey dengan
metode pengambilan sampel Accidental Sampling (sampel kebetulan). Jumlah
sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 100 orang. Atribut yang menjadi variabel
penelitian adalah produk, harga, promosi, distribusi, budaya, individu, sosial,
psikologi. Analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis Conjoint.
Karakteristik konsumen yang membeli sayuran organik di Kota Cirebon
memiliki rentan usia 30 – 50 tahun dengan total konsumen 64 orang. Perempuan
mendominasi karakteristik berdasarkan jenis kelamin dengan total konsumen 63
orang. Mayoritas konsumen sayur organik berpendidikan terakhir Sarjana dengan
total konsumen 60 orang. Ibu rumah tangga merupakan karakteristik berdasarkan
pekerjaan yang mendominasi konsumen sayur organik dengan total konsumen 25
orang. Pendapatan perbulan Rp2.697.000 – Rp4.000.000 menjadi mayoritas
konsumen berdasarkan pendapatan bulanan dengan total konsumen 33 orang.
Jumlah anggota keluarga < 3 orang mendominasi konsumen berdasarkan jumlah
anggota keluarga dengan total konsumen 46 orang. Atribut yang paling
dipertimbangkan terhadap preferensi konsumen dalam membeli sayur organik
adalah individu, distribusi, dan produk.		The consumption pattern of organic vegetables in Indonesia is influenced
by various factors, such as health awareness, income, price, and accessibility.
Although there has been an increase in interest in organic vegetables, consumption
of these products is still limited. Consumers who are more aware of the health
benefits tend to choose organic vegetables even though they are more expensive.
Organic vegetables are one of the choices of the community to achieve a healthy
life. Thus, the consumption of organic vegetables has increased. This study aims to
identify the characteristics of consumers who purchase organic vegetables and the
attributes considered by consumers when purchasing organic vegetables in the city
of Cirebon.
The method used in this study is a survey method with accidental sampling
(random sampling). The sample size for this study is 100 people. The attributes
serving as research variables are product, price, promotion, distribution, culture,
individual, social, and psychological factors. The analysis used in this study is
Conjoint Analysis.
The characteristics of consumers purchasing organic vegetables in Cirebon
City include an age range of 30–50 years, with a total of 64 consumers. Women
dominate the characteristics based on gender, with a total of 63 consumers. The
majority of organic vegetable consumers have a bachelor's degree as their highest
level of education, with a total of 60 consumers. Housewives are the dominant
characteristic based on occupation, with a total of 25 consumers. Monthly income
of IDR 2,697,000–IDR 4,000,000 is the majority of consumers based on monthly
income, with a total of 33 consumers. Households with fewer than 3 members
dominate consumers based on household size, with a total of 46 consumers. The
attributes most considered in consumer preferences when purchasing organic
vegetables are individual, distribution, and product.
4690549915H1C021058PEMODELAN CEKUNGAN DAN KARAKTERISASI BATUAN INDUK FORMASI TALANG AKAR DALAM IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP SISTEM PETROLEUM LAPANGAN “GAMMA” CEKUNGAN JAWA BARAT UTARACekungan Jawa Barat Utara merupakan salah satu area mature yang telah dieksplorasi selama kurang lebih 50 tahun. Selama proses eksplorasi tersebut, terus ditemukan cadangan-cadangan baru yang berproduksi, sehingga saat ini masih terdapat kemungkinan ditemukannya cadangan baru yang belum dieksplorasi. Terdapat beberapa subcekungan yang merupakan bagian dari Cekungan Jawa Barat Utara, salah satunya adalah Subcekungan “X”. Penelitian ini berfokus pada Formasi Talang Akar yang telah terbukti sebagai salah satu formasi penghasil hidrokarbon pada Subcekungan “X” yang dapat berperan menjadi batuan induk, batuan reservoir, sekaligus batuan penutup. Untuk meninjau batuan induk pada daerah penelitian, dilakukan karakterisasi geokimia batuan induk berdasarkan parameter klasifikasi menurut Peters dan Cassa (1994), sedangkan untuk menganalisis elemen serta proses sistem petroleum yang bekerja pada daerah penelitian digunakan metode pemodelan cekungan secara 3D. Berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi batuan induk dengan menggunakan dua puluh data sumur yang terdapat pada daerah penelitian, didapatkan bahwa kuantitas material organik pada Formasi Talang Akar dominan terdapat pada kelas cukup sampai dengan baik, dengan tipe kerogen II/III yang cenderung akan menghasilkan hidrokarbon berupa minyak dan gas, dan kematangan material organik pada kelas belum matang sampai dengan akhir matang, dengan jendela awal matang didapatkan pada kedalaman sekitar 2300 m. Analisis elemen serta proses sistem petroleum dari model 3D yang telah disimulasikan menghasilkan elemen petroleum sistem berupa sourcerock, reservoir, sekaligus seal diperankan oleh Formasi Talang Akar, sedangkan formasi yang berperan sebagai overburden rock merupakan formasi yang terendapkan di atas Formasi Talang Akar source rock yang terdiri atas Formasi Talang Akar reservoir dan seal, Horizon D, Horizon C, Horizon, B, Horizon A, dan Horizon Surface. Proses pembentukan jebakan terjadi pada sembilan belas juta tahun lalu, sedangkan proses generasi mulai terjadi pada empat belas juta tahun lalu. Migrasi mulai terjadi pada tiga juta tahun lalu yang terjadi secara vertikal dan lateral dengan arah cenderung selatan-utara, serta akumulasi hidrokarbon mulai terbentuk pada tiga juta tahun lalu dan masih terpreservasi hingga saat ini. The North West Java Basin is one of the mature areas that has been explored for approximately 50 years. Throughout this exploration history, new productive reserves have continuously been discovered, indicating that there is still potential for undiscovered hydrocarbon accumulations. The basin consists of several sub-basins, one of which is Sub-basin “X”. This study focuses on the Talang Akar Formation, which has been proven as one of the hydrocarbon-bearing formations in Sub-basin “X” and is capable of functioning as a source rock, reservoir rock, and seal. To evaluate the source rock, geochemical characterization was conducted using classification parameters defined by Peters and Cassa (1994). Meanwhile, the petroleum system elements and processes were analyzed through 3D basin modeling. Based on the characterization of twenty well data points from the study area, the Talang Akar Formation contains a fair to good quantity of organic matter, with kerogen type II/III, which tends to generate both oil and gas. The thermal maturity of the organic matter ranges from immature to late mature, with the onset of oil generation identified at a depth of approximately 2,300 m. The 3D petroleum system modeling results indicate that the Talang Akar Formation plays multiple roles as source rock, reservoir, and seal, while the overburden rocks consist of the overlying Talang Akar reservoir and seal intervals, as well as Horizon D, Horizon C, Horizon B, Horizon A, and the Surface Horizon. Trap formation occurred around 19 million years ago, followed by the onset of hydrocarbon generation at 14 million years ago. Hydrocarbon migration began approximately 3 million years ago, occurring both vertically and laterally with a predominant south-to-north trend, while hydrocarbon accumulation started around the same time and has been preserved until the present day.
4690650294J1D021011STUDI KOMPARASI BENTUK TINDAK TUTUR PADA PODCAST PSIKOLOGID “SESI LIVE THERAPY: BREAK, BREATH AND RELEASE”
DAN FILM RUMAH MASA DEPAN KARYA DANIAL RIFKI		Penelitian ini membandingkan tindak tutur dalam podcast Psikologid “Sesi Live Therapy: Break, Breath, and Release” dan film Rumah Masa Depan karya Danial Rifki. Menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan komparatif, data dianalisis berdasarkan klasifikasi lokusi, ilokusi, dan perlokusi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa bentuk tindak tutur dipengaruhi oleh konteks komunikasi, peran penutur, dan karakteristik media. Film lebih banyak memuat lokusi dan perlokusi bersifat deklaratif informatif karena adanya dialog antar tokoh, sedangkan podcast didominasi tuturan reflektif dan sugestif dari satu penutur. Ilokusi asertif menjadi bentuk dominan karena perannya dalam menyampaikan informasi dan opini. Ilokusi direktif, komisif, dan ekspresif juga ditemukan, meski dalam jumlah berbeda. Ilokusi deklaratif tidak ditemukan karena sifat komunikasi yang informal dan non-lembaga. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa media dan konteks komunikasi sangat memengaruhi bentuk serta fungsi tindak tutur.This study compares speech acts in the Psikologid podcast episode “Live Therapy Session: Break, Breath, and Release” and the film Rumah Masa Depan by Danial Rifki. Using a descriptive qualitative method with a comparative approach, the data were analyzed based on locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts. The results show that speech act forms are influenced by context, speaker roles, and media characteristics. The film features more declarative and informative locutionary and perlocutionary acts due to character interactions, while the podcast emphasizes reflective and suggestive speech from a single speaker. Assertive illocutionary acts dominate in both media, serving to convey information and opinions. Directive, commissive, and expressive acts are also found in varying proportions. Declarative illocutionary acts are absent due to the informal and non-institutional nature of communication. overall, media and communication context significantly affect the use and function of speech acts.
4690750295E1A018287TINJAUAN YURIDIS KETERLAMBATAN PEMBERITAHUAN PENGAMBILALIHAN SAHAM PT KADI INDONESIA MANUFAKTUR OLEH NIPPO CORPORATION BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 5 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG LARANGAN PRAKTEK MONOPOLI DAN PERSAINGAN USAHA TIDAK SEHAT (STUDI PUTUSAN NOMOR 16/KPPU-M/2023)Penelitian membahas keterlambatan pemberitahuan pengambilalihan saham oleh Nippo Corporation terhadap PT Kadi Indonesia Manufaktur berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 dan PP Nomor 57 Tahun 2010. Putusan KPPU Nomor 16/KPPU-M/2023, Nippo Corporation dinyatakan melanggar kewajiban pemberitahuan sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 29 UU Nomor 5 Tahun 1999.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analisis. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder berupa bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi kepustakaan, data yang diperoleh disajikan dengan teks naratif, dan metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode normatif kualitatif.
Hasil penelitian menunjukan Nippo Corporation terbukti secara sah melanggar kewajiban pemberitahuan pengambilalihan saham sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 29 UU Nomor 5 Tahun 1999. Nippo Corporation telah memenuhi seluruh unsur pelanggaran, termasuk status sebagai pelaku usaha, bentuk pengambilalihan, nilai aset yang melebihi ambang batas, serta keterlambatan kewajiban notifikasi. Akibat hukum terhadap Nippo Corpration setelah adanya putusan KPPU Nomor 16/KPPU-M/2023 sanksi denda sebesar Rp1.000.000.000,00. Dilaksanakan selambat-lambatnya 30 (tiga puluh) hari.		This study examines the delay in notification of Nippo Corporation's share acquisition of PT Kadi Indonesia Manufaktur, based on Law Number 5 of 1999 and Government Regulation Number 57 of 2010. The Commission for the Public Prosecutor's Office (KPPU) Decision Number 16/KPPU-M/2023 found Nippo Corporation to have violated its notification obligations as stipulated in Article 29 of Law Number 5 of 1999.
The research method used was normative juridical with descriptive analytical research specifications. The data sources used were secondary data, including primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Data collection was conducted through literature review, the data obtained were presented in narrative text, and the data analysis method used was qualitative normative.
The results of the study indicate that Nippo Corporation was legally proven to have violated its share acquisition notification obligations as stipulated in Article 29 of Law Number 5 of 1999. Nippo Corporation fulfilled all elements of the violation, including its status as a business actor, the form of the acquisition, the asset value exceeding the threshold, and the delay in notification obligations. The legal consequences for Nippo Corporation following KPPU Decision Number 16/KPPU-M/2023 are a fine of Rp1,000,000,000.00. Implemented no later than 30 (thirty) days.
4690850296B1A021106Identifikasi Molekuler Genus Aspergillus Kapang Endofit Avicennia marina dan Uji Potensi Senyawa AntibakteriMeningkatnya infeksi bakteri akibat penggunaan antibiotik berlebih telah memicu resistensi, sehingga terapi alternatif berkelanjutan dari ekstrak kapang endofit Aspergillus sangat menjanjikan, mengingat banyak penelitian yang membahas mengenai potensi Aspergillus sebagai antibakteri. Walaupun sejumlah penelitian telah mengkaji aktivitas antibakteri genus Aspergillus, studi terkait keanekaragaman genus ini pada daun A. marina masih terbatas, sedang daun merupakan habitat yang sangat potensial bagi mikroba dengan aktivitas bioaktif. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui spesies kapang endofit genus Aspergillus pada daun A. marina hingga tingkat molekuler serta menguji aktivitas antibakterinya terhadap Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC25922), dan Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC43300).
Penelitian ini terdiri atas dua tahap utama, yaitu identifikasi dan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri pada 2 isolat Aspergillus dari daun mangrove A. marina koleksi laboratorium Biofarmasi-Laptiab, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN). Tahap identifikasi dilakukan dengan pengamatan fenotipik, molekuler (ITS1 dan ITS4), serta dilengkapi dengan skrining fitokimia. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dengan ekstrak etil asetat (EA) hasil fermentasi padat (solid state fermentation) meliputi uji difusi cakram, MIC, dan MBC. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah spesies isolat kapang, konsentrasi ekstrak, dan spesies bakteri uji, sedangkan variabel terikatnya adalah aktivitas antibakteri isolat kapang. Parameter utama meliputi kualitas, persentase kesamaan sekuens, zona hambat pada uji difusi cakram, serta nilai MIC dan MBC. Data identifikasi kapang dianalisis menggunakan software MEGA11 dan sumber literatur seperti buku Identification of common Aspergillus species (2002) dan beberapa jurnal pendukung, sedangkan data aktivitas antibakteri dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan ANOVA pada taraf signifikansi 5%.
Identifikasi morfologi (fenotipik) dan molekuler yang didukung dengan skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa isolat DAM3L2 teridentifikasi sebagai A. sydowii, sementara isolat DAM6L1 merupakan A. flavus. Ekstrak EA A. sydowii menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri kuat terutama terhadap bakteri gram positif dengan zona hambat 13,42 mm pada S. aureus, 8,165 mm pada E. coli, dan 11,763 mm pada MRSA, sedangkan A. flavus tidak memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Hasil MIC dan MBC serta IC50 secara berurutan dari ekstrak EA A. sydowii terhadap S. aureus adalah 97,6 µg/mL; 390,6 µg/mL; IC50 255,71 µg/mL, pada E. coli 195,3 µg/mL; 1562,5 µg/mL; IC50 959,75 µg/mL, dan pada MRSA 195,3 µg/mL; 781,25 µg/mL; IC50 490,63 µg/mL. Aktivitas antibakteri berasal dari senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, dan fenolik berdasarkan uji KLT bioautografi. Kemampuan A. sydowii dalam menghambat dan membunuh bakteri Gram positif maupun Gram negatif menunjukkan potensinya sebagai antibiotik spektrum luas, namun untuk memastikannya diperlukan pengujian pada berbagai jenis bakteri lainnya. Dengan demikian, daun terbukti menjadi salah satu habitat potensial bagi kapang endofit yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri.

The increasing incidence of bacterial infections due to the excessive use of antibiotics has triggered widespread resistance, highlighting the urgent need for alternative therapies. Endophytic fungi, particularly Aspergillus species, have shown promising antibacterial potential, as supported by numerous studies. However, despite some research on the antibacterial activities of Aspergillus genus, investigations into the diversity of these fungi on the leaves of Avicennia marina remain limited. Given that leaves represent a highly promising habitat for microbes with bioactive properties, this study aimed to identify Aspergillus endophytic species from A. marina leaves at the molecular level and evaluate their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC25922), and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC43300).
This study comprised two main phases: identification and antibacterial activity testing of two Aspergillus isolates obtained from A. marina mangrove leaves, sourced from the Biofarmasi-Laptiab laboratory collection at the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). Identification was performed through phenotypic observation, molecular analysis using ITS1 and ITS4 regions, and phytochemical screening. The antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate extracts from solid-state fermentation was assessed via disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. Independent variables included fungal isolate species, extract concentration, and test bacterial species. Key parameters assessed were DNA quality, sequence similarity percentages, inhibition zones from disc diffusion, MIC, and MBC values. Data analysis was conducted using MEGA11 software and Relevant literature, such as Identification of Common Aspergillus Species (2002), was used for identification, with statistical evaluation of antibacterial activity performed by ANOVA at a 5% significance level.
Phenotypic and molecular identification supported by phytochemical screening revealed that isolate DAM3L2 was Aspergillus sydowii, whereas isolate DAM6L1 was Aspergillus flavus. The ethyl acetate extract of A. sydowii demonstrated strong antibacterial activity, particularly against gram positive bacteria, with inhibition zones of 13.42 mm for S. aureus, 8.165 mm for E. coli, and 11.763 mm for MRSA, while A. flavus showed no activity. MIC, MBC, and IC50 values of A. sydowii extract ranged from 97.6 µg/mL, 390.6 µg/mL, and 255.71 µg/mL for S. aureus; 195.3 µg/mL, 1562.5 µg/mL, and 959.75 µg/mL for E. coli; and 195.3 µg/mL, 781.25 µg/mL, and 490.63 µg/mL for MRSA, respectively. The antibacterial activity was attributed to alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds detected by TLC bioautography. The ability of A. sydowii to inhibit and kill both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria suggests its potential as a broad-spectrum antibiotic, although further testing on a greater variety of bacterial species is required to confirm this. Therefore, leaves have been proven to be one of the potential habitats for endophytic fungi that possess antibacterial activity.
4690950297B1B021001Genetic Profiling of Several Nepenthes Species Based on RAPD MarkersNepenthes is the only genus in the family Nepenthaceae, comprising about 120 species of tropical carnivorous plants. These plants grow in nutrient-poor habitats such as peat swamp forests, mangroves, and montane forests. Nepenthes obtain nitrogen by trapping and digesting insects using pitcher-shaped leaves with three zones: the peristome, which attracts prey; the slippery zone, which prevents escape; and the digestive zone, which absorbs nutrients. Indonesia is a major center of Nepenthes diversity, with many endemic species, making genetic diversity studies crucial for conservation.
This research was conducted for four months at the Genetics and Molecular Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman. Six Nepenthes species were sampled, and their genomic DNA was extracted using the CTAB method. DNA quality and quantity were assessed with a nanodrop spectrophotometer and agarose gel electrophoresis. DNA amplification was performed using RAPD-PCR with eight primers (ES10G23, OPA-02, OPA-10, OPA-13, OPB-05, OPB-11, OPC-05, OPU-19). The resulting band patterns were scored as binary data (1 for presence, 0 for absence) and analyzed with MVSP software to construct a dendrogram of genetic relationships.
The extraction produced high-quality DNA with concentrations of 250–630 ng/μL and A260/A280 ratios of 2.011–2.178. A total of 23 RAPD markers were obtained, 19 polymorphic, giving a polymorphism level of 81.7%, considered high. The UPGMA dendrogram showed that N. reinwardtiana is the most genetically distinct, while N. adrianii and N. mirabilis var. globosa are the closest. These results provide insights into genetic diversity and relationships among Nepenthes species, supporting conservation strategies.		Nepenthes is the only genus in the family Nepenthaceae, comprising about 120 species of tropical carnivorous plants. These plants grow in nutrient-poor habitats such as peat swamp forests, mangroves, and montane forests. Nepenthes obtain nitrogen by trapping and digesting insects using pitcher-shaped leaves with three zones: the peristome, which attracts prey; the slippery zone, which prevents escape; and the digestive zone, which absorbs nutrients. Indonesia is a major center of Nepenthes diversity, with many endemic species, making genetic diversity studies crucial for conservation.
This research was conducted for four months at the Genetics and Molecular Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman. Six Nepenthes species were sampled, and their genomic DNA was extracted using the CTAB method. DNA quality and quantity were assessed with a nanodrop spectrophotometer and agarose gel electrophoresis. DNA amplification was performed using RAPD-PCR with eight primers (ES10G23, OPA-02, OPA-10, OPA-13, OPB-05, OPB-11, OPC-05, OPU-19). The resulting band patterns were scored as binary data (1 for presence, 0 for absence) and analyzed with MVSP software to construct a dendrogram of genetic relationships.
The extraction produced high-quality DNA with concentrations of 250–630 ng/μL and A260/A280 ratios of 2.011–2.178. A total of 23 RAPD markers were obtained, 19 polymorphic, giving a polymorphism level of 81.7%, considered high. The UPGMA dendrogram showed that N. reinwardtiana is the most genetically distinct, while N. adrianii and N. mirabilis var. globosa are the closest. These results provide insights into genetic diversity and relationships among Nepenthes species, supporting conservation strategies.
4691050298B1B021025Pollution Level of Trenggulun River Banyumas Based on Microbenthic Community StructureWater quality is a measure of water conditions based on physical, chemical, and biological parameters that determine whether the water is safe and suitable for use. The water quality of the Trenggulun River in Banyumas can be assessed through analysis of the structure of the microbenthic community. Due to their sedentary nature and widespread distribution throughout the river, the structure of the microbenthic community in the Trenggulun River can provide important information for water quality management and ecosystem conservation, especially since this river originates from the Bleber spring and holds significant value for the community. The objective of this study is to determine the structure of the microbenthic community in the Trenggulun River, including composition, density, diversity, and dominance, as well as to assess the pollution level of the Trenggulun River in Banyumas based on the structure of the microbenthic community.This study was conducted from February to May 2025 at four stations representing upstream to downstream sections. This study used a purposive sampling survey method in the waters of the Trenggulun River in Banyumas. Samples were collected at four different points, including Station 1 (Cipete), Station 2 (Penusupan), Station 3 (Sawangan Wetan), and Station 4 (Notog). Sampling was conducted twice with a one-month interval. The variables observed were the structure of the microbenthic community, including density, diversity, and microbenthic dominance and the level of pollution and saprobic phase based on microbenthic. The parameters measured were the number of species and individuals to determine diversity, abundance, and dominance, and the number of species of several saprobity-determining microbenthic groups to determine pollution levels or water saprobity. Microbenthic density was calculated using the Sedgwick Rafter Cell (SRC). Microbenthic diversity was determined using the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H’). The dominant microbenthic species are determined using the Dominance Index (D). The water quality of the Trenggulun River can be determined based on the diversity index using criteria based on the saprobic coefficient to identify the dominant organism groups and determine the level of pollution.This study identified 11 species of microbenthic in the Trenggulun River, with the highest composition level from the Bacillariophyta class. The highest density was found in the middle section, while diversity (H′ = 1,7–1,9) was classified as moderate and dominance (D = 0,19–0,21) was low. Based on the saprobic coefficient, most locations were classified as β-mesosaprobic (light pollution) and one location as β/α-mesosaprobic, indicating the presence of organic matter input but water quality was still relatively healthy. Based on saprobic coefficient analysis upstream, central, and downstream were categorized as βmesosaprobic (light pollution), while upstream-downstream transition was β/αmesosaprobic (moderate pollution). The findings indicate organic input from domestic and agricultural runoff, but overall water quality remains relatively healthy.
Keywords: Community Structure, Microbenthic, Pollution Level, Trenggulun River Banyumas, Water Quality.		Water quality is a measure of water conditions based on physical, chemical, and biological parameters that determine whether the water is safe and suitable for use. The water quality of the Trenggulun River in Banyumas can be assessed through analysis of the structure of the microbenthic community. Due to their sedentary nature and widespread distribution throughout the river, the structure of the microbenthic community in the Trenggulun River can provide important information for water quality management and ecosystem conservation, especially since this river originates from the Bleber spring and holds significant value for the community. The objective of this study is to determine the structure of the microbenthic community in the Trenggulun River, including composition, density, diversity, and dominance, as well as to assess the pollution level of the Trenggulun River in Banyumas based on the structure of the microbenthic community.This study was conducted from February to May 2025 at four stations representing upstream to downstream sections. This study used a purposive sampling survey method in the waters of the Trenggulun River in Banyumas. Samples were collected at four different points, including Station 1 (Cipete), Station 2 (Penusupan), Station 3 (Sawangan Wetan), and Station 4 (Notog). Sampling was conducted twice with a one-month interval. The variables observed were the structure of the microbenthic community, including density, diversity, and microbenthic dominance and the level of pollution and saprobic phase based on microbenthic. The parameters measured were the number of species and individuals to determine diversity, abundance, and dominance, and the number of species of several saprobity-determining microbenthic groups to determine pollution levels or water saprobity. Microbenthic density was calculated using the Sedgwick Rafter Cell (SRC). Microbenthic diversity was determined using the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H’). The dominant microbenthic species are determined using the Dominance Index (D). The water quality of the Trenggulun River can be determined based on the diversity index using criteria based on the saprobic coefficient to identify the dominant organism groups and determine the level of pollution.This study identified 11 species of microbenthic in the Trenggulun River, with the highest composition level from the Bacillariophyta class. The highest density was found in the middle section, while diversity (H′ = 1,7–1,9) was classified as moderate and dominance (D = 0,19–0,21) was low. Based on the saprobic coefficient, most locations were classified as β-mesosaprobic (light pollution) and one location as β/α-mesosaprobic, indicating the presence of organic matter input but water quality was still relatively healthy. Based on saprobic coefficient analysis upstream, central, and downstream were categorized as βmesosaprobic (light pollution), while upstream-downstream transition was β/αmesosaprobic (moderate pollution). The findings indicate organic input from domestic and agricultural runoff, but overall water quality remains relatively healthy.
Keywords: Community Structure, Microbenthic, Pollution Level, Trenggulun River Banyumas, Water Quality.
4691150301B1B021024The Effect of NAA and Stump Cutting Height on the Growth and Yield of Inpago Unsoed Protani Rice in Salibu Cultivation SystemInpago Unsoed Protani is a top rice variety that adapts well to marginal environments, including post-harvest land. To increase rice yield, the Salibu cultivation system is being developed as one of the promising methods. The Salibu system promotes the growth of new shoots after post-harvest stump cutting, speeding up the cropping cycle without re-tillage. This research aims to: 1) evaluate effect of the interaction between NAA concentrations and stump cutting heights on the growth and yield of Inpago Unsoed Protani rice in the Salibu system; 2) determine the optimal NAA concentration and stump cutting height to maximize growth and yield in this system.
The research was conducted experimentally using a two-factor factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first factor was NAA concentrations, which included 0 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, and 150 ppm. The second factor was stump cutting heights, consisting of 0.5 cm, 1 cm, 2 cm, and 4 cm from the ground surface. Each treatment combination was replicated nine times, resulting in 144 experimental units. The independent variables tested were NAA concentrations and stump cutting heights. The dependent variables observed were the growth and yield of rice. The growth parameters included the number of shoots and shoot height (7 and 14 days after cutting), heading age, harvesting age, plant height, and number of tillers, while the yield parameters included the number of productive tillers, number of panicles, number of grains per panicle, and total grain weight. The growth parameters, specifically heading age and harvesting age, were analyzed using univariate analysis. Meanwhile, other growth parameters and yield parameters were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 5% and 1% significance levels. Significant results were further examined using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% significance level.
The research results showed that the interaction between NAA concentration and stump cutting height had no significant effect on the growth and yield of Salibu rice of the Inpago Unsoed Protani variety. Both NAA concentration and stump cutting height independently affected plant growth and yield under the Salibu cultivation system. The 0 ppm NAA concentration (no NAA application) was identified as the best treatment, while 2 cm and 4 cm were identified as the better stump cutting heights.		Inpago Unsoed Protani is a top rice variety that adapts well to marginal environments, including post-harvest land. To increase rice yield, the Salibu cultivation system is being developed as one of the promising methods. The Salibu system promotes the growth of new shoots after post-harvest stump cutting, speeding up the cropping cycle without re-tillage. This research aims to: 1) evaluate effect of the interaction between NAA concentrations and stump cutting heights on the growth and yield of Inpago Unsoed Protani rice in the Salibu system; 2) determine the optimal NAA concentration and stump cutting height to maximize growth and yield in this system.
The research was conducted experimentally using a two-factor factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first factor was NAA concentrations, which included 0 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, and 150 ppm. The second factor was stump cutting heights, consisting of 0.5 cm, 1 cm, 2 cm, and 4 cm from the ground surface. Each treatment combination was replicated nine times, resulting in 144 experimental units. The independent variables tested were NAA concentrations and stump cutting heights. The dependent variables observed were the growth and yield of rice. The growth parameters included the number of shoots and shoot height (7 and 14 days after cutting), heading age, harvesting age, plant height, and number of tillers, while the yield parameters included the number of productive tillers, number of panicles, number of grains per panicle, and total grain weight. The growth parameters, specifically heading age and harvesting age, were analyzed using univariate analysis. Meanwhile, other growth parameters and yield parameters were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 5% and 1% significance levels. Significant results were further examined using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% significance level.
The research results showed that the interaction between NAA concentration and stump cutting height had no significant effect on the growth and yield of Salibu rice of the Inpago Unsoed Protani variety. Both NAA concentration and stump cutting height independently affected plant growth and yield under the Salibu cultivation system. The 0 ppm NAA concentration (no NAA application) was identified as the best treatment, while 2 cm and 4 cm were identified as the better stump cutting heights.
4691250279L1A021041Analisis Total Petroleum Hidrokarbon (TPH) Pada Mangrove Jenis Bruguiera gymnorrhiza dan Bruguiera sexangula di Segara Anakan CilacapPetroleum hidrokarbon yang mengganggu ekosistem mangrove di Segara Anakan diakibatkan adanya aktivitas industri minyak dan gas yang beroperasi di kawasan sekitar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konsentrasi TPH pada air, sedimen, akar, batang, dan daun mangrove, serta menganalisis nilai BAF dan TF pada mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza dan Bruguiera sexangula. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Desember 2024 di empat stasiun berbeda dengan metode random sampling dan analisis deskriptif komparatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata konsentrasi TPH tertinggi didapat pada bagian akar mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza sebesar 9.418,5 mg/kg dan Bruguiera sexangula sebesar 5.256,77 mg/kg, serta TPH pada sedimen dengan rata-rata sebesar 67.575 mg/kg. Konsentrasi TPH di sedimen melebihi baku mutu yang ditetapkan oleh ANZECC, artinya kawasan tersebut tercemar oleh senyawa hidrokarbon minyak bumi. Kedua spesies mangrove tergolong kurang mampu mengakumulasi dan mentranslokasi TPH dalam jaringan tubuhnya karena memiliki nilai BAF dan TF < 1.Petroleum hydrocarbons that disrupt the mangrove ecosystem in Segara Anakan are caused by oil and gas industry activities operating in the surrounding area. This study aims to analyze TPH concentrations in water, sediment, roots, stems, and leaves of mangroves, as well as analyze BAF and TF values in Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Bruguiera sexangula mangroves. The study was conducted in December 2024 at four different stations using random sampling and comparative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the highest average TPH concentration was found in the roots of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza mangroves at 9,418.5 mg/kg and Bruguiera sexangula at 5,256.77 mg/kg, as well as in sediments with an average of 67,575 mg/kg. TPH concentrations in sediment exceeded the quality standards set by ANZECC, indicating that the area is contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbon compounds. Both mangrove species are classified as less capable of accumulating and translocating TPH in their body tissues, as they have BAF and TF values < 1.
4691350302E1A018091PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM KONSUMEN TERHADAP PEREDARAN OBAT BIUS KETAMIN SEBAGAI OBAT KERAS TANPA IZIN EDAR BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NO 8 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN
( Studi putusan PN Medan No 3045/Pid.Sus/2020/PN Mdn)
Ketamin adalah obat untuk membius pasien yang hendak menjalani prosedur medis, seperti bedah. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui bagaimana perlindungan hukun dan akibat hukum dari peredaran obat ketamin berdasarkan Undang-undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang perlindungan konsumen dalam Putusan Nomor 3045/Pid.sus/2020/PN Mdn.
Metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah metode pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analitis. Sumber data yang digunakan data sekunder yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer dan sekunder yang dilakukan dengan studi kepustakaan. Data disajikan dalam bentuk uraian logis, sistematis, dan rasional kemudian dianalisis secara normatif kualitatif.
Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Pihak konsumen tidak mendapatkan perlindungan hukum, karena konsumen tidak mengetahui bahwasanya obat K-100 Ketamine HCL merupakan golongan obat terlarang. Sedangkan pelaku usaha tidak memberikan informasi yang jelas kepada konsumen sebelumnya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pelaku usaha telah melanggar Pasal 62 ayat (1) serta Pasal 63 huruf a Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen, sehingga menurut pelaku usaha tidak menjalankan asas itikad baik pelaku usaha sesuai dengan Pasal 7 huruf a Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen.
 Ketamine is a drug used to anesthetize patients undergoing medical procedures, such as surgery. The purpose of this research is to understand the legal protection and legal consequences of the circulation of the drug ketamine based on Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning consumer protection in Decision Number 3045/Pid.sus/2020/PN Mdn.
The approach method used is the normative juridical approach with a specification of descriptive analytical research. The data sources used are secondary data consisting of primary and secondary legal materials obtained through literature study. The data is presented in the form of logical, systematic, and rational descriptions, and then analyzed qualitatively normatively.
The research findings indicate that consumers do not receive legal protection, as consumers are unaware that the drug K-100 Ketamine HCL is a controlled substance. Meanwhile, the business actors did not provide clear information to consumers beforehand. Based on the research results, business actors have violated Article 62 paragraph (1) and Article 63 letter a of the Consumer Protection Law, thus the business actors did not adhere to the principle of good faith as stipulated in Article 7 letter a of the Consumer Protection Law.
4691450303B1B018046MORPHOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF THE INTERTIDAL BARNACLE Amphibalanus amphitrite FROM DIFFERENT MANGROVE HABITATS OF CENTRAL JAVABarnacles are one of the sessile crustaceans where they live attached like parasites to an object or living thing. Amphibalanus amphitrite is one of the most widespread and studied barnacle species in tropical and subtropical waters, known for its adaptability to varying salinity and habitat conditions. Despite its global significance, little is known about the morphological variation of A. amphitrite in Central Java, particularly in Brebes and Kebumen. The aim of this study was to determine the morphological characteristics and evaluate the evolutionary relationships of A. amphitrite from different mangrove habitats.
This research used a survey method in the mangrove habitats of Brebes and Kebumen. Sampling was taken from Romanus Edy's preparations carried out by purposive sampling technique. Morphology of A. variegatus was done by observing parts of A. amphitrite under a microscope and phylogeny was done by analyzing kinship using PAST4 software and .
There are differences in the morphological characteristics of the hard and soft parts in the two samples studied. This indicates adaptation to different environmental conditions. Based on kinship relationships based on similarity of characteristics, Amphibalanus amphitrite Brebes (AB4) and Amphibalanus amphitrite Brebes (AB1) have a very close relationship. The sample Amphibalanus amphitrite Brebes (AB3) has a distant kinship with Amphibalanus amphitrite Brebes (AB4) and Amphibalanus amphitrite Brebes (AB4).
Barnacles are one of the sessile crustaceans where they live attached like parasites to an object or living thing. Amphibalanus amphitrite is one of the most widespread and studied barnacle species in tropical and subtropical waters, known for its adaptability to varying salinity and habitat conditions. Despite its global significance, little is known about the morphological variation of A. amphitrite in Central Java, particularly in Brebes and Kebumen. The aim of this study was to determine the morphological characteristics and evaluate the evolutionary relationships of A. amphitrite from different mangrove habitats.
This research used a survey method in the mangrove habitats of Brebes and Kebumen. Sampling was taken from Romanus Edy's preparations carried out by purposive sampling technique. Morphology of A. variegatus was done by observing parts of A. amphitrite under a microscope and phylogeny was done by analyzing kinship using PAST4 software and .
There are differences in the morphological characteristics of the hard and soft parts in the two samples studied. This indicates adaptation to different environmental conditions. Based on kinship relationships based on similarity of characteristics, Amphibalanus amphitrite Brebes (AB4) and Amphibalanus amphitrite Brebes (AB1) have a very close relationship. The sample Amphibalanus amphitrite Brebes (AB3) has a distant kinship with Amphibalanus amphitrite Brebes (AB4) and Amphibalanus amphitrite Brebes (AB4).
4691550304B1A021108Keanekaragaman Karakteristik Morfologi Damar [Agathis alba ( Rumph. Ex Valmont)Foxw.] Berdasarkan Ketinggian Tempat Tumbuh BerbedaDamar [Agathis alba (Rumph. Ex Valmont) Foxw.] merupakan salah satu spesies dalam familia Araucariaceae yang banyak tumbuh di Indonesia. Tumbuhan ini dapat ditemukan pada berbagai ketinggian tempat tumbuh. Ketinggian tempat berbeda dapat menciptakan perbedaan iklim mikro terhadap lingkungannya. Perbedaan ketinggian tersebut berpengaruh pada proses metabolisme tumbuhan yang dapat diamati, salah satunya melalui karakteristik morfologi. Karakter morfologi dapat menjadi salah satu parameter pertumbuhan yang optimal pada tumbuhan. Selain itu, ketinggian tempat tumbuh juga dapat dijadikan sebagai dasar untuk mengetahui lokasi yang optimal untuk pertumbuhannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan karakter morfologi damar berdasarkan perbedaan ketinggian tempat tumbuh dan menentukan ketinggian tempat yang optimum untuk pertumbuhan damar.
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Purwokerto Utara dan Baturraden dengan rentang ketinggian tempat tumbuh yang dibagi menjadi tiga ketinggian: dataran rendah (< 400 mdpl), dataran sedang (400–700 mdpl), dan dataran tinggi (> 700 mdpl). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling. Variabel bebas pada penelitian ini adalah ketinggian tempat tumbuh sedangkan variabel terikat adalah karakteristik morfologi damar. Parameter yang diukur meliputi tinggi pohon, panjang batang bebas cabang, batang (diameter dan warna), daun (bentuk,ukuran,warna,) dan getah (warna). Data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan damar yang tumbuh pada ketinggian berbeda memiliki perbedaan karakter morfologi yang paling terlihat pada panjang batang bebas cabang dan warna getah. Pada dataran rendah (<400 mdpl) panjang batang bebas cabang terpanjang mencapai 8,2 m dengan tinggi pohon 10,2 m, pada dataran sedang (400-700 mdpl) panjang batang bebas cabang terpanjang mencapai 10,1 m dengan tinggi pohon 13,7 m, dan pada dataran tinggi (>700 mdpl) panjang batang bebas cabang terpanjang mencapai 13,5 m dengan tinggi pohon 17 m. Perbedaan warna getah pada dataran sedang dan dataran tinggi yang sebagian dari individunya memiliki getah yang berwarna putih dikarenakan perbedaan kondisi lingkungan tempat tumbuh.		Dammar [Agathis alba (Rumph. Ex Valmont) Foxw.] commonly known as damar, is a species belonging to the family Araucariaceae that is widely distributed in Indonesia. This plant can be found at various altitudes. Differences in altitude can lead to the formation of distinct microclimates in the surrounding environment. These variations in altitude influence the plant’s metabolic processes, which can be observed, among others, through its morphological characteristics. Morphological traits can serve as parameters for assessing optimal plant growth. In addition, altitude can also be used as a reference to determine the most suitable location for the plant’s development.
This study was conducted to determine the differences in morphological characteristics of Agathis alba based on variations in altitude and to identify the optimal altitude for its growth. The study was carried out in the subdistricts of North Purwokerto and Baturraden, covering a range of altitudes classified into three categories: lowlands (<400 masl), medium plains (400–700 masl), and highlands (>700 masl) A survey method was employed, with sampling conducted using purposive sampling. The independent variable in this study was the altitude, while the dependent variable was the morphological characteristics of Agathis alba. The parameters measured included tree height, clear bole length, stem (diameter and color), leaf (shape,size, color), and resin (color). The data were analyzed descriptively.
The results showed that Agathis alba growing at different altitudes exhibited morphological differences, most notably in clear bole length and resin color. In the lowlands area (<400 masl), the maximum clear bole length was 8.2 m, with a total tree height of 10.2 m. In the medium plains area (400–700 masl), the maximum clear bole length reached 10.1 m with a total tree height of 13.7 m, in the highlands area (>700 masl), the maximum clear bole length reached 13.5 m with a total tree height of 17 m. Differences in resin color between the midland and highland zones, where some individuals produced white resin, were attributed to variations in environmental conditions.
4691650305F2A023013PEMANFAATAN IDENTITAS KEPENDUDUKAN DIGITAL (IKD)ABSTRAK
Pemanfaatan Identitas Kependudukan Digital (IKD) dan
perkembangan teknologi informasi menimbulkan
tantangan dan peluang bagi masyarakat dan pemerintah.
IKD dapat meningkatkan efisiensi dan aksesibilitas
layanan publik, tetapi juga menimbulkan risiko terkait
Kata kunci:
pemanfaatan, Identitas
Kependudukan Digital
(IKD).
privasi individu dan keamanan data. Untuk mengatasi
kesenjangan akses digital dan memanfaatkan IKD secara
efektif, diperlukan upaya terkoordinasi antara pemerintah,
sektor swasta, masyarakat sipil, dan lembaga
internasional. Regulasi yang memadai, pendidikan dan
literasi digital, kesadaran masyarakat, praktik bisnis yang
bertanggung jawab, kerja sama lintas sektor, serta
mekanisme pengawasan dan penegakan hukum yang
efektif dapat melindungi privasi individu dan keamanan
data, sambil memastikan akses yang merata dan inklusif
dalam era digital yang semakin kompleks ini. Dengan
demikian, Indonesia dapat mencapai tujuan pembangunan
yang berkelanjutan dan inklusif, sambil memastikan
bahwa hak-hak dan kepentingan individu dihormati dan
dilindungi dalam lingkungan digital yang terus
berkembang.		ABSTRACT
The utilization of Digital Population Identity (IKD) and the
development of information technology pose challenges and
opportunities for both society and government. IKD can
enhance the efficiency and accessibility of public services, but it
also entails risks related to individual privacy and data security.
To address digital access disparities and effectively leverage
IKD, coordinated efforts among the government, private sector,
civil society, and international institutions are required.
Adequate regulations, digital education and literacy, public
awareness, responsible business practices, cross-sector
collaboration, as well as effective oversight mechanisms and law
enforcement can protect individual privacy and data security
while ensuring equitable and inclusive access in this
increasingly complex digital era. Thus, Indonesia can achieve
sustainable and inclusive development goals, while ensuring
that the rights and interests of individuals are respected and
protected in the evolving digital environment.
Key words:
utilization, Digital
Population Identity (IKD)
4691750306F1C021075Implementasi City Branding Better Banyumas dalam Pengembangan PariwisataPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi city branding “Better Banyumas” dalam pengembangan pariwisata di Kabupaten Banyumas. Better Banyumas ini diresmikan pada 2015 sebagai upaya membangun citra daerah yang modern, berkembang, dan terbuka terhadap dunia, namun tetap mempertahankan identitas budaya lokal. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan model komunikasi city branding Kavaratzis yang mencakup komunikasi primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa, meskipun berbagai strategi telah diimplementasikan yang dapat dilihat dari pembangunan infrastruktur, penempatan logo di berbagai lokasi strategis, pelaksanaan kegiatan promosi, serta upaya pembentukan persepsi masyarakat yang mencakup aspek budaya, potensi alam, dan identitas visual berupa tagline maupun logo, tingkat kesadaran merek (brand awareness) masyarakat terhadap Better Banyumas masih berada pada kategori rendah. Tantangan utama yang dihadapi adalah konsistensi promosi, keterlibatan stakeholder, serta pemanfaatan media digital. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya strategi berkelanjutan, peningkatan sosialisasi, dan pelibatan masyarakat serta pelaku industri pariwisata dalam pengelolaan city branding.This research aims to analyze the implementation of the “Better Banyumas” city branding in the development of tourism in Banyumas Regency. Officially launched in 2015, this city branding seeks to create a modern, progressive, and globally open image while maintaining strong local cultural identity. The study adopts a descriptive qualitative approach, collecting data through interviews, observations, and documentation. Data were analyzed using Kavaratzis’ city branding communication model, which consists of primary, secondary, and tertiary communication. The findings indicate that, The findings of this study reveal that, although various strategies have been implemented, evident from the development of infrastructure, the placement of logos in various strategic locations, the execution of promotional activities, and efforts to shape public perception encompassing cultural aspects, natural potential, and visual identity in the form of a tagline and logo, the level of public brand awareness toward Better Banyumas remains in the low category. The main challenges lie in maintaining promotional consistency, engaging stakeholders, and optimizing digital media. This study recommends a sustainable strategy, enhanced public outreach, and greater involvement of the community and tourism industry actors in managing the city branding.
4691850308F2A023017MENCIPTAKAN KEMANDIRIAN DESA MELALUI
BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA ( BUMDes ) UNTUK PENINGKATAN
PENDAPATAN ASLI DESA ( PAD )		Abstrak
Undang – Undang No. 6 Tahun 2014 tentang desa, telah merubah keberadaan desa atau
dalam hal ini Pemerintah Desa dengan sangat drastis. Saat ini desa sudah tidak lagi
sebagai wilayah yang terpinggirkan. Terlebih desa diberikan anggaran atau dana dari
Pemerintah Pusat yang jumlahnya cukup besar. Oleh karena itu, desa dituntut untuk bisa
memanfaatkan sumber daya yang dimiliki supaya dapat dikelola, salah satu alternatifnya
yang bisa dilakukan adalah dengan Badan Usaha Milik Desa ( BUMDes ). BUMDes
tersebut dibentuk untuk dapat meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Desa ( PAD ). Dengan
adanya PAD yang besar tentunya dapat menciptakan kemandirian desa seutuhnya dan
dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan masrarakat desa. Kajian ini menggunakan metode
Deskriptif kualitatif, dengan menggunakan data primer dan sekunder, berupa : hasil
wawancara, observasi, dan juga dokumentasi, sedangkan untuk mendapatkan data hasil
wawancara peneliti menentukan informan atas dasar pemahamanya terhadap obyek
kajian. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa dengan melihat visi dan misi BUMDES di
Desa Kalicupak Lor sangat baik, yaitu untuk mewujudkan kemandirian desa seutuhya.
Akan tetapi masih terkendala dengan permasalahan – permasalahan yang ada. Oleh
karena itu harus diimbangi dengan kemampuan dalam mengembangkan BUMDes dan
Kerjasama dari seluruh warga masyarkatnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah penulis
bermaksud mengulas kendala atau permasalahan dalam mewujudkan kemandirian desa
melalui BUMDes, di Desa Kalicupak Lor Kecamatan Kalibagor Kabupaten Banyumas.
Kata kunci: BUMDes, PAD, Kemandirian Desa.		Abstract
The Law No. 6 of 2014 regarding villages has significantly transformed the existence of
villages or, in this case, the Village Government. Currently, villages are no longer
considered marginalized areas, especially since they receive a substantial budges or funds
from the Central Government. Therefore, villages are required to utilize their resources to
be managed effectively, and one alternative is the formation of Village-Owned Enterprises
(BUMDes). BUMDes is established to enhance the Village’s Own-Source Revenue (PAD).
With a substantial PAD, villages can achieve complete self-reliance and improve the
welfare of the village community. This study empoys a qualitative descriptive method, using
both primary and secondary data sources, including interview result, observations, and
documentation. The selection of informants for interviews is based on their understanding
of the research object. The research findings indicate that the vision and mission of
BUMDes in Kalicupak Lor Village are commendable, aiming to achieve complete village
self-reliance. However, the study reveals existing challenges and issues. Therefore, it iscollaboration among all community members. The purpose of this research is to examine
the obstacles or issues in realizing village self-reliance through BUMDes in Kalicupak Lor
Village, Kalibagor Subdistrict, Banyumas Regency.
Keywords: Village Owned Enterprise (BUMDes), Village’s Own Source Revenue (PAD),
Village self-reliance.
4691950310F2D023008AKTIVISME DIGITAL DAN SOLIDARITAS GLOBAL PALESTINA
Analisis Wacana Boikot Produk Israel di Media Sosial Instagram
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi mengenai wacana Solidaritas Palestina dan yang berkemang di media social Instagram. Wacacna solidaritas dianalisis menggunakan metode Corpus-Assisted Discourse Study (CADs). Metode ini digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi text melalui pendekatan corpus linguistik (CL) dan text di analisis menggunakan analisis wacana kritis, dengan tujuan untuk memperluas paradigma metodologis, sehingga text dapat dipahami sesuai dengan konteks dan historinya. Hal itu menjadi dasar bagaimana solidaritas palestina yang sudah ada, bertransformasi dan berkembang maju menjadi bentuk aktivisme digital yang di manifeskan melalui gerakan boikot produk Israel di Instagram.
Hasil penelitian ini mengidentifikasi bahwa terdapat dua term perspektif yang mendasari masyarakat Indonesia melakukan solidaritas terhadap palestina, yakni term keagamaan dan term kemanusiaan. Term sebagai motif solidaritas berkembang menjadi aktivisme digital yang menandai perubahan solidaritas menjadi bersifat aktif. Digital aktivisme dalam bentuk clikstivism, metavoicing, petisi, boikot dan penyebaran simbol-simbol dukungan terhadap palestina di media digital mempunyai dampak yang signifikan terhadap wacana solidaritas global palestina. Meningkatnya kesadaran masyarakat terkait isu palestina, perubahan bentuk solidartas menjadi aktif dan tekanan ekonomi menjadi bagian dari dampak yang dihasilkan oleh aktivisme digital di media sosial Instagram.
Keyword : palestina; solidaritas; aktivisme digital; boikot; media digital		ABSTRACT
This study aims to identify the discourse of Palestinian solidarity as it develops on the social media platform Instagram. The solidarity discourse is analyzed using the Corpus-Assisted Discourse Study (CADS) method. This method is employed to identify texts through a corpus linguistics (CL) approach. In addition, critical discourse analysis is used to broaden the methodological paradigm, allowing the text to be understood in accordance with its context and history. This forms the basis for understanding how existing Palestinian solidarity transforms and progresses into a form of digital activism, which is manifested through the movement to boycott Israeli products on Instagram.
This research identifies two underlying perspectives that motivate Indonesian society to show solidarity with Palestine, namely religious and humanitarian terms. These terms as motives for solidarity have developed into digital activism, marking a shift towards active solidarity. Digital activism in the form of clicktivism, metavoicing, petitions, boycotts, and the spread of symbols of support for Palestine on digital media has had a significant impact on the global discourse of solidarity with Palestine. Increased public awareness of the Palestinian issue, the transformation of solidarity into an active form, and economic pressure are among the impacts resulting from digital activism on the social media platform Instagram.
Keyword: palestine; solidarity; digital activism; boycott; digital media
4692050309C1L021044PENGARUH PENDEKATAN TEACHING AT THE RIGHT LEVEL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATA PELAJARAN EKONOMI PADA KELAS XI MAN 2 BANYUMAS
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penerapan pendekatan Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL) terhadap hasil belajar mata pelajaran ekonomi siswa kelas XI MAN 2 Banyumas. Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah rendahnya hasil belajar ekonomi siswa. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain quasi experimental group design. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 210 siswa, dengan sampel 82 siswa yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, terdiri dari kelas eksperimen (XI Vokasi 1) dan kelas kontrol (XI Vokasi 4), masing-masing berjumlah 41 siswa. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan tes pilihan ganda. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan independent sample t-test dan regresi linear sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) terdapat perbedaan signifikan hasil belajar antara siswa yang diajar dengan pendekatan TaRL dan pendekatan konvensional; (2) pendekatan TaRL berpengaruh positif terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa penerapan TaRL dapat menjadi strategi efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar ekonomi, dengan implikasi pada perlunya pelatihan guru dan integrasi pendekatan ini ke dalam praktik pembelajaran.This research aimed to analyze the effect of the Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL) approach on students’ learning outcomes in economics for Grade XI at MAN 2 Banyumas. The research was motivated by low achievement in economics among students. A quantitative method with a quasi-experimental group design was employed. The population consisted of 210 students, with a sample of 82 selected through purposive sampling, comprising an experimental class (XI Vokasi 1) and a control class (XI Vokasi 4), each with 41 students. Data were collected through observation and multiple-choice tests. Data analysis was conducted using an independent sample t-test and simple linear regression. The results indicate that: (1) there is a significant difference in learning outcomes between students taught using the TaRL approach and those taught with a conventional approach; (2) the TaRL approach has a positive effect on students’ learning outcomes. These findings suggest that implementing TaRL can be an effective strategy to improve economics learning outcomes, with implications for teacher training and the integration of this approach into instructional practices.