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4772151108D1A022003Pengaruh Pencucian dan Perebusan Kerabang Telur terhadap Nitrogen, Phospor dan Kalium POCPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan unsur hara nitrogen, phospor, dan kalium pupuk organik cair berbahan baku kerabang telur di Desa Sikapat pada program PPK ormawa. Pembuatan pupuk organik cair dibuat dengan cara mencuci, merebus, dan menggiling kerabang telur hingga halus menggunakan mesin giling. Starter dibuat dengan cara mencampurkan bahan lainnya seperti urin domba, air cucian beras, activator, molases, bonggol pisang dan didiamkan selama 3 hari agar mikroba dapat berkembangbiak. Pupuk Organik Cair dibuat dengan 1 variabel kontrol dan 4 perlakuan, P1: Urin Murni, P2: POC + Non Kerabang, P3: POC + Kerabang Rebus, P4: POC + Kerabang Cuci, P5: POC + Kerabang Murni. Hasil analisis kandungan nitrogen P1 sebesar 0,052%, P2 sebesar 0,057%, P3 sebesar 0,059%, P4 sebesar 0,062% dan P5 sebesar 0,058%. Hasil analisis kandungan phospor P1 sebesar 0,0011%, P2 sebesar 0,0029%, P3 sebesar 0,0022%, P4 sebesar 0,0021% dan P5 sebesar 0,0035%. Hasil analisis kandungan kalium P1 sebesar 0,160%, P2 sebesar 0,149%, P3 sebesar 0,156%, P4 sebesar 0,162% dan P5 sebesar 0,150%. Program ini dapat menangani masalah limbah kerabang telur berkat program unggulannya yaitu “Rumah Produksi” griya tani Desa Sikapat.This study aims to determine the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of liquid organic fertilizer made from eggshells in Sikapat Village in the PPK ormawa program. The liquid organic fertilizer was made by washing, boiling, and grinding the eggshells until smooth using a grinding machine. The starter was made by mixing other ingredients such as sheep urine, rice washing water, activator, molasses, banana stems and letting it sit for 3 days so that microbes can reproduce. Liquid Organic Fertilizer was made with 1 control variable and 4 treatments, P1: Pure Urine, P2: POC + Non-Eggshell, P3: POC + Boiled Eggshell, P4: POC + Washed Eggshell, P5: POC + Pure Eggshell. The results of the analysis of the nitrogen content of P1 were 0.052%, P2 was 0.057%, P3 was 0.059%, P4 was 0.062% and P5 was 0.058%. The results of the analysis of the phosphorus content of P1 were 0.0011%, P2 was 0.0029%, P3 was 0.0022%, P4 was 0.0021% and P5 was 0.0035%. The results of the analysis of the potassium content of P1 were 0.160%, P2 was 0.149%, P3 was 0.156%, P4 was 0.162% and P5 was 0.150%. This program can overcome the problem of egg shell waste thanks to its flagship program, namely the "Production House" of the Sikapat Village Farmers' House.
4772251109G1A022107PERBEDAAN KADAR UREUM DAN KREATININ PASIEN PENYAKIT GINJAL KRONIK DENGAN DAN TANPA DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 DI RSUD PROF. DR. MARGONO SOEKARJO PURWOKERTOLatar belakang : Penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) merupakan penurunan fungsi ginjal progresif yang ditandai meningkatnya kadar ureum dan kreatinin. Secara global PGK dialami sekitar 15% populasi dan menyebabkan lebih dari 1 juta kematian per tahun, sementara di Indonesia prevalensinya mencapai 713.783 kasus. Nefropati diabetik pada penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2 menjadi salah satu penyebab utama PGK. Ureum dan kreatinin tidak hanya mencerminkan fungsi ginjal, tetapi juga berperan sebagai biomarker penting dalam deteksi dini kerusakan ginjal pada pasien DM tipe 2. Tujuan : Mengetahui perbedaan kadar ureum dan kreatinin pasien penyakit ginjal kronik dengan dan tanpa diabetes melitus tipe 2 di RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto. Metode : Penelitian analitik bersifat komparatif dengan desain cross sectional yang dilakukan di RSUD prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode consecutive sampling. Data Pasien PGK diambil dari hasil Rekam Medis Elektronik. Uji Analisis bivariat menggunakan Independent t-test dan uji mann-Whitney pada data yang tidak terdistribusi normal. Hasil : Analisis uji Independent t-test menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan kadar ureum yang signifikan antara pasien PGK dengan dan tanpa DM tipe 2 (p = 0,029), dengan rerata ureum lebih tinggi pada kelompok DM tipe 2 (146,92 mg/dL) dibandingkan tanpa DM tipe 2 (124,69 mg/dL). Hasil uji Mann-Whitney pada kadar kreatinin menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna (p = 0,048), di mana median kreatinin lebih tinggi pada pasien tanpa DM tipe 2 (7 mg/dL) dibandingkan kelompok DM tipe 2 (6 mg/dL). Kesimpulan : Terdapat perbedaan kadar ureum dan kreatinin pasien penyakit ginjal kronik dengan dan tanpa DM tipe 2. Kata Kunci : Penyakit Ginjal Kronik, Ureum, Kreatinin, Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive decline in kidney function marked by elevated urea and creatinine levels. Globally, CKD affects about 15% of the population and causes over 1 million deaths annually. In Indonesia, its prevalence reaches 713,783 cases. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major cause of CKD through diabetic nephropathy, accounting for nearly 29% of cases. Urea and creatinine serve as key biomarkers for assessing kidney function and detecting early renal impairment in T2DM patients. Objective: To compare urea and creatinine levels in CKD patients with and without T2DM at Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo General Hospital, Purwokerto. Methods: This comparative analytical study used a cross-sectional design with consecutive sampling. Data were obtained from electronic medical records. Bivariate analysis was performed using the Independent t-test for normally distributed variables and the Mann–Whitney test for non-normal data. Results: The Independent t-test showed a significant difference in urea levels (p = 0,029), with higher mean urea in CKD patients with T2DM (146.92 mg/dL) than those without T2DM (124,69 mg/dL). The Mann–Whitney test revealed a significant difference in creatinine levels (p = 0.048), with higher median creatinine in the non-T2DM group (7 mg/dL) compared to the T2DM group (6 mg/dL). Conclusion: Significant differences in urea and creatinine levels were observed between CKD patients with and without T2DM.
4772351110G1A022012Hubungan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif Dengan Perkembangan Bayi Usia 6-12 Bulan Metode Skrining KPSP di Posyandu Purwokerto Timur I Periode Oktober 2025Latar Belakang: Perkembangan yang optimal pada bayi sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor nutrisi, salah satunya melalui pemberian ASI eksklusif. Rendahnya pemberian ASI dapat berisiko terhadap gangguan tumbuh kembang anak. Di wilayah kerja Posyandu Purwokerto Timur I, pemantauan terhadap cakupan ASI eksklusif dan deteksi dini perkembangan bayi belum pernah diteliti sehingga penelitian ini dilakukan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan perkembangan bayi usia 6-12 bulan berdasarkan metode Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan (KPSP) di Posyandu Purwokerto Timur I. Metode: Penelitian analitik observasional ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Populasi studi mencakup seluruh bayi usia 6-12 bulan yang datang ke Posyandu Purwokerto Timur I pada periode Oktober 2025 dengan teknik total sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan data primer riwayat pemberian ASI dan lembar pemeriksaan KPSP sesuai usia bayi. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square dan Uji alternatif Fisher Exact Test serta uji Cramer’s V. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 59 bayi didapatkan 31 bayi yang sudah memnuhui kriteria inklusi, sebanyak 21 bayi (67,74%) mendapatkan ASI eksklusif dan 10 bayi (32,26%) tidak mendapatkan ASI eksklusif. Hasil skrining perkembangan mengungkap bahwa mayoritas bayi (83,87%) memiliki perkembangan yang sesuai, sedangkan sisanya menunjukkan hasil meragukan atau penyimpangan. Hasil uji hubungan antar variabel menggunakan uji Chi-square dengan hasil p = 0,002 dan uji alternatif Fisher Exact Test dengan hasil p = 0,001 yang menunjukkan terdapatnya hubungan antar variabel, serta uji Cramer’s V untuk menilai kekuatan hubungan dengan hasil 0,635 yang menunjukkan kekuatan hubungan yang kuat. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan kuat antara pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan perkembangan bayi usia 6-12 bulan di Posyandu Purwokerto Timur I. Background: Optimal infant development is strongly influenced by nutritional factors, one of which is exclusive breastfeeding. Low rates of exclusive breastfeeding may increase the risk of growth and developmental disorders in children. In the service area of Posyandu Purwokerto Timur I, monitoring of exclusive breastfeeding coverage and early detection of infant development have not previously been studied; therefore, this study was conducted. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the development of infants aged 6–12 months based on the Pre-Screening Developmental Questionnaire (KPSP) method at Posyandu Purwokerto Timur I. Methods: This analytical observational study employed a cross-sectional design. The study population included all infants aged 6–12 months who attended Posyandu Purwokerto Timur I during October 2025, using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using primary data on exclusive breastfeeding history and age-appropriate KPSP assessment forms. Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate analyses with the Chi-Square test, the alternative Fisher’s Exact Test, and Cramer’s V test. Results: The results showed that out of 59 infants, 31 infants met the inclusion criteria, of whom 21 infants (67.74%) received exclusive breastfeeding and 10 infants (32.26%) did not receive exclusive breastfeeding. Developmental screening revealed that the majority of infants (83.87%) had appropriate development, while the remainder showed doubtful or delayed development. The analysis of the relationship between variables using the Chi-Square test yielded a p-value of 0.002, and the alternative Fisher’s Exact Test yielded a p-value of 0.001, indicating a significant relationship between the variables. The Cramer’s V test showed a value of 0.635, indicating a strong association. Conclusion: There is a strong relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the development of infants aged 6–12 months at Posyandu Purwokerto Timur I.
4772451111H1A022011ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN METODE PENYISIPAN DAN UPRATING DALAM MENGATASI OVERLOAD TRANSFORMATOR DISTRIBUSI TIGA FASA DI PENYULANG SRAGEN06 Perkembangan industri dan pertumbuhan penduduk meningkatkan kebutuhan energi listrik di Indonesia. Peningkatan beban ini dapat menyebabkan transformator mengalami overload yang berdampak pada penurunan kualitas tegangan, peningkatan rugi daya, serta menurunnya efisiensi dan keandalan sistem distribusi. Kondisi tersebut terjadi pada Penyulang Sragen06, sehingga diperlukan tindakan yang tepat untuk mengatasi overload transformator. Penelitian ini menganalisis perbandingan dua metode penanganan overload, yaitu metode uprating dan metode penyisipan. Metode uprating dilakukan dengan meningkatkan kapasitas transformator eksisting, sedangkan metode penyisipan dilakukan dengan menambahkan transformator baru untuk membagi beban supaya lebih merata. Analisis dilakukan berdasarkan persentase pembebanan transformator, jatuh tegangan, serta rugi daya transformator dan pelanggan.Transformator yang dianalisis adalah SRN06-0125 berkapasitas 50 kVA dan SRN06-0251-B023 berkapasitas 100 kVA. Pada metode uprating, kapasitas transformator ditingkatkan menjadi 100 kVA dan 160 kVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase pembebanan transformator SRN06-0125 sebesar 42,2% dengan metode uprating dan 42,8% dengan metode penyisipan. Persentase pembebanan transformator SRN06-0251-B023 sebesar 57,1% dengan metode uprating dan 56,8% dengan metode penyisipan. Nilai rugi daya transformator dengan metode uprating masing-masing sebesar 200 W dan 600 W, sedangkan dengan metode penyisipan sebesar 100 W dan 300 W. Metode penyisipan lebih efektif dalam menurunkan jatuh tegangan dan rugi daya sebagian besar pelanggan karena pembagian beban yang lebih merata sehingga arus menjadi lebih kecil.Industrial development and population growth have increased the demand for electrical energy in Indonesia. This increase in load can cause transformers to experience overload, which can lead to a decrease in voltage quality, an increase in power loss, and a decrease in the efficiency and reliability of the distribution system. This condition occurred at the Sragen06 feeder, requiring appropriate measures to overcome transformer overload. This study analyzes a comparison of two overload handling methods, namely the uprating method and the insertion method. The uprating method is carried out by increasing the capacity of existing transformers, while the insertion method is carried out by adding new transformers to distribute the load more evenly. The analysis was based on the percentage of transformer loading, voltage drop, and power loss of the transformer and customers. The transformers analyzed were SRN06-0125 with a capacity of 50 kVA and SRN06-0251-B023 with a capacity of 100 kVA. In the uprating method, the transformer capacity was increased to 100 kVA and 160 kVA. The results showed that the load percentage of the SRN06-0125 transformer was 42.2% with the uprating method and 42.8% with the insertion method. The load percentage of the SRN06-0251-B023 transformer was 57.1% with the uprating method and 56.8% with the insertion method. The power loss value of the transformer using the uprating method is 200 W and 600 W, respectively, while using the insertion method is 100 W and 300 W. The insertion method is more effective in reducing voltage drops and power losses for most customers because the load is distributed more evenly, resulting in lower currents.
4772551096G1A022084HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP KADAR HBA1C PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 DI PUSKESMAS PURWOKERTO BARATLatar Belakang – Diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) merupakan penyakit kronis
yang memerlukan pengelolaan jangka panjang, termasuk dukungan keluarga untuk
mencapai kontrol glikemik yang optimal. Kehadiran keluarga dapat memberikan
pengaruh psikis dan emosional, sehingga pasien termotivasi untuk lebih teratur
minum obat dan bergaya hidup sehat. Sehingga, kadar HbA1c pasien dapat
tekontrol (<7%).
Tujuan – Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan keluarga
terhadap kadar HbA1c pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2.
Metode – Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional pada populasi
pasien Prolanis DMT2 di Puskesmas Purwokerto Barat. Sampel berjumlah 91
responden yang dipilih dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Dukungan keluarga
diukur menggunakan kuesioner Hensarling Diabetes Family Support Scale
(HDFSS), sedangkan kadar HbA1c diperoleh dari data pemeriksaan laboratorium.
Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman.
Hasil – Sebagian besar responden memiliki dukungan keluarga yang baik (73,6%)
dan kadar HbA1c terkontrol (58,2%). Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa
tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara dukungan keluarga terhadap kadar
HbA1c (p = 0,056). Dilakukan analisis bivariat tambahan terkait karakteristik
demografi, hasil menunjukkan variabel lama menderita DMT2 berhubungan
signifikan dengan kadar HbA1c (p = 0,014).
Kesimpulan – Tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara dukungan keluarga
terhadap kadar HbA1c.		Background – Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that requires
long-term management, including family support to achieve optimal glycemic
control. Family involvement can provide psychological and emotional support,
thereby motivating patients to adhere to medication regimens and adopt healthier
lifestyles. As a result, patients are expected to achieve better glycemic control,
reflected by controlled HbA1c levels (<7%).
Objective – This study aimed to determine the association between family support
and HbA1c levels among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methode – A cross-sectional study design was conducted among Prolanis T2DM
patients at Purwokerto Barat Primary Health Center. A total of 91 respondents
were recruited using consecutive sampling. Family support was assessed using the
Hensarling Diabetes Family Support Scale (HDFSS), while HbA1c levels were
obtained from laboratory examination records. Data were analyzed using
univariate and bivariate analyses with the Spearman test.
Results – The majority of respondents had good family support (73.6%) and
controlled HbA1c levels (58.2%). Bivariate analysis showed that there was no
statistically significant association between family support and HbA1c levels (p =
0.056). Additional bivariate analysis of demographic characteristics revealed that
the duration of T2DM was significantly associated with HbA1c levels (p = 0.014).
Conclusion – Family support was not significantly associated with HbA1c levels
among patients with T2DM in this study.
4772651112G1A022064Pengaruh Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Ekstrak Etanol Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) terhadap Ekspresi mRNA TNF-α Jaringan Hati pada Mencit yang Diinduksi CCl₄Pendahuluan – CCl₄ merupakan senyawa hepatotoksik yang dapat memicu stres
oksidatif, nekrosis hepatosit, serta meningkatkan ekspresi sitokin proinflamasi
seperti TNF-α. Andrographis paniculata diketahui memiliki kandungan
andrographolide yang bersifat antiinflamasi melalui penghambatan jalur NF-κB.
Namun, bioavailabilitasnya rendah sehingga diperlukan sistem penghantaran
seperti Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) untuk meningkatkan efektivitasnya.
Tujuan – Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian Nanostructured Lipid Carrier ekstrak
etanol sambiloto terhadap ekspresi mRNA TNF-α jaringan hati mencit yang
diinduksi CCl₄.
Metode – Penelitian true experimental dengan desain posttest only control group
menggunakan 30 mencit Balb/C yang dibagi menjadi lima kelompok: kontrol sehat,
kontrol sakit, NLC berisi ekstrak etanol sambiloto (NLC EES), ekstrak etanol
sambiloto (EES), dan NLC kosong (NLC). Ekspresi mRNA TNF-α dianalisis
menggunakan qRT-PCR dengan GAPDH sebagai housekeeping gene. Data diuji
menggunakan Kruskal–Wallis.
Hasil – Rata-rata ekspresi relatif mRNA TNF-α tertinggi ditemukan pada kelompok
NLC EES (1,952), sedangkan terendah pada kelompok kontrol sehat (1,006).
Meskipun terdapat variasi nilai antar kelompok, uji Kruskal–Wallis menunjukkan
tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada ekspresi relatif mRNA TNF-α antar
seluruh kelompok (p = 0,406).
Kesimpulan – Pemberian NLC ekstrak etanol sambiloto belum menunjukkan
pengaruh signifikan terhadap penurunan ekspresi mRNA TNF-α pada mencit yang
diinduksi CCl₄.		Introduction – Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) is a hepatotoxic compound that induces
oxidative stress, hepatocyte necrosis, and increases pro-inflammatory cytokines
such as TNF-α. Andrographis paniculata contains andrographolide, an anti-
inflammatory compound known to inhibit NF-κB activation. Its limited
bioavailability, however, necessitates advanced delivery systems such as
Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) to enhance therapeutic efficacy.
Objective – To determine the effect of Nanostructured Lipid Carrier containing
Andrographis paniculata ethanol extract on TNF-α mRNA expression in liver tissue
of mice induced with CCl₄.
Method – A true experimental study with a posttest only control group design was
conducted using 30 Balb/C mice divided into five groups: healthy control, CCl₄
control, NLC containing ethanol extract (NLC EES), ethanol extract only (EES),
and empty NLC. TNF-α mRNA expression was measured by qRT-PCR using
GAPDH as reference gene. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test.
Results – The highest mean relative expression of TNF-α mRNA was found in the
NLC EES group (1.952), while the lowest was in the healthy control group (1.006).
Despite numerical variations, the Kruskal–Wallis test showed no significant
differences in TNF-α mRNA expression among the five groups (p = 0.406).
Conclusion – Administration of NLC containing Andrographis paniculata ethanol
extract did not significantly affect TNF-α mRNA expression in CCl₄-induced mice.
4772751114H1D019015PENERAPAN ADVANCED ENCRYPTION STANDARD DAN KYBER PADA CHATTING WEBSITEKeamanan komunikasi merupakan aspek penting pada aplikasi chatting berbasis web yang rentan terhadap ancaman seperti snooping dan akses tidak terotorisasi. Pada banyak sistem, mekanisme enkripsi masih memungkinkan server memiliki akses terhadap kunci atau isi pesan sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan kebocoran data. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan perlunya penerapan enkripsi end-to-end yang memastikan kerahasiaan pesan hanya dapat dijaga oleh pengirim dan penerima. Penelitian ini mengkaji penerapan enkripsi end-to-end pada sebuah chatting website melalui pemisahan antara proses enkripsi pesan dan mekanisme pertukaran kunci. Sistem dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan kriptografi hibrida dengan Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) digunakan sebagai algoritma enkripsi simetris untuk melindungi isi pesan. Mekanisme pertukaran kunci dirancang mengikuti model Key Encapsulation Mechanism (KEM) sebagaimana digunakan pada algoritma Kyber. Mengingat keterbatasan dukungan implementasi Kyber secara native pada lingkungan web, proses KEM direpresentasikan melalui simulasi menggunakan algoritma RSA dengan padding OAEP (RSA-OAEP). Hasil implementasi menunjukkan bahwa proses enkripsi dan dekripsi pesan sepenuhnya dilakukan di sisi klien, sementara server hanya berperan sebagai perantara pengiriman dan penyimpanan data dalam bentuk ciphertext. Pendekatan ini memastikan server tidak memiliki akses terhadap kunci kriptografi maupun isi pesan. Arsitektur yang diusulkan merepresentasikan alur kerja KEM dalam skema enkripsi end-to-end berbasis web dan menunjukkan kelayakan penerapan konsep kriptografi pasca-kuantum pada lingkungan web, serta membuka peluang penggantian mekanisme simulasi dengan implementasi Kyber secara native pada pengembangan selanjutnya.Communication security is an important aspect of web-based chatting applications that are vulnerable to threats such as snooping and unauthorized access. In many systems, encryption mechanisms still allow servers to access cryptographic keys or message contents, thereby potentially causing data leakage. This condition indicates the need for the implementation of end-to-end encryption, which ensures that message confidentiality can only be maintained by the sender and the receiver. This research examines the implementation of end-to-end encryption on a chatting website through the separation of the message encryption process and the key exchange mechanism. The system is developed using a hybrid cryptographic approach, with the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) employed as the symmetric encryption algorithm to protect message content. The key exchange mechanism is designed to follow the Key Encapsulation Mechanism (KEM) model as used in the Kyber algorithm. Given the limited support for native Kyber implementation in web environments, the KEM process is represented through a simulation using the RSA algorithm with Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding (RSA-OAEP). The implementation results show that message encryption and decryption processes are fully performed on the client side, while the server only acts as an intermediary for transmitting and storing data in the form of ciphertext. This approach ensures that the server does not have access to cryptographic keys or message contents. The proposed architecture represents the KEM workflow within a web-based end-to-end encryption scheme and demonstrates the feasibility of applying post-quantum cryptographic concepts in web environments, while also opening opportunities to replace the simulated mechanism with a native Kyber implementation in future development.
4772851115G1A022116UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIJAMUR DAN ANTIBIOFILM NANOPARTIKEL PERAK (AgNP) EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT TERONG UNGU (Solanum melongena L.) TERHADAP Candida tropicalis In VitroLatar Belakang: Candida tropicalis merupakan patogen oportunistik yang mampu membentuk biofilm sehingga meningkatkan resistensi terhadap antijamur. Nanopartikel perak (AgNP) berbasis ekstrak etil asetat terong ungu (Solanum melongena L.) diperkirakan memiliki aktivitas antijamur dan antibiofilm lebih baik karena ukuran partikel kecil meningkatkan penetrasi dan pelepasan ion Ag⁺ yang bersifat toksik bagi sel jamur.. Tujuan: Mengetahui aktivitas antijamur dan antibiofilm nanopartikel perak ekstrak etil asetat terong ungu (Solanum melongena L.) terhadap Candida tropicalis in vitro, melalui penentuan nilai Konsentrasi Hambat Minimal (KHM), Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimal (KBM), Minimum Biofilm Inhibitory Concentration 50% (MBIC₅₀), dan Minimum Biofilm Reduction Concentration 50% (MBRC₅₀). Metode: Penelitian true experimental dengan desain post test only control group design. KHM ditentukan menggunakan mikrodilusi, sedangkan KBM melalui metode spread plate. Aktivitas antibiofilm diukur dengan microtiter plate assay untuk menentukan MBIC₅₀ dan MBRC₅₀. Kontrol meliputi kontrol negatif, kontrol positif (flukonazol 6,25 µg/mL), kontrol media, dan kontrol pelarut. Perlakuan terdiri dari konsentrasi AgNP 4, 2, 1, 0.5 dan 0.25 mg/mL. Hasil: AgNP ekstrak etil asetat terong ungu menunjukkan aktivitas penghambatan pertumbuhan dengan KHM pada konsentrasi 4 mg/mL. Persentase daya bunuh jamur terbesar adalah 99,18%, namun belum memenuhi kriteria KBM ≥99,99%, sehingga KBM tidak diperoleh. Aktivitas antibiofilm terdeteksi dengan MBIC₅₀ dan MBRC₅₀ pada konsentrasi 0,25 mg/mL, menunjukkan kemampuan menghambat pembentukan serta mengurangi biofilm pada konsentrasi rendah. Kesimpulan: : AgNP ekstrak etil asetat terong ungu berpotensi sebagai agen antijamur dan antibiofilm terhadap C. tropicalis, meskipun belum menunjukkan aktivitas fungisidal berdasarkan kriteria KBM.Background: Candida tropicalis is an opportunistic pathogen capable of forming biofilms, which increase its resistance to antifungal agents. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) derived from ethyl acetate extract of purple eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) are predicted to have enhanced antifungal and antibiofilm activity due to their small particle size, which facilitates penetration and the release of toxic Ag⁺ ions into fungal cells. Objective: To determine the antifungal and antibiofilm activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from ethyl acetate extract of Solanum melongena L. against C. tropicalis in vitro, through the evaluation of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC), Minimum Biofilm Inhibitory Concentration 50% (MBIC₅₀), and Minimum Biofilm Reduction Concentration 50% (MBRC₅₀). Methods: This true experimental study used a post-test only control group design. MIC was determined using a microdilution method, while MFC was assessed using the spread plate method. Antibiofilm activity was evaluated using a microtiter plate assay to determine MBIC₅₀ and MBRC₅₀. The control groups included a negative control, a positive control (fluconazole 6.25 µg/mL), a media control, and a solvent control. Treatment groups consisted of AgNP concentrations of 4, 2, 1, 0.5, and 0.25 mg/mL. Results: AgNPs from ethyl acetate extract of purple eggplant inhibited fungal growth with an MIC of 4 mg/mL. The highest percentage of fungal killing was 99.18%, which did not meet the MFC criterion of ≥99.99%, indicating that a MFC was not achieved. Antibiofilm activity was observed with MBIC₅₀ and MBRC₅₀ values at 0.25 mg/mL, demonstrating the nanoparticles ability to inhibit and reduce biofilm formation at low concentrations. Conclusion: AgNPs derived from Solanum melongena L. exhibit potential antifungal and antibiofilm agents against C. tropicalis, although fungicidal activity based on MFC criteria was not achieved.
4772951116G1A022009UJI ANTIJAMUR DAN ANTIBIOFILM NANOPARTIKEL PERAK (AgNp) DARI EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT TERONG UNGU (Solanum melongena L.) TERHADAP Candida albicans ATCC 10231Latar Belakang: Candida albicans merupakan jamur oportunistik penyebab utama kandidiasis yang
memiliki kemampuan membentuk biofilm, sehingga meningkatkan resistensi terhadap terapi antijamur
konvensional. Pendekatan berbasis bahan alam dan nanoteknologi dikembangkan sebagai alternatif untuk
meningkatkan efektivitas penghambatan dan perusakan biofilm jamur. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan
untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antijamur dan antibiofilm nanopartikel perak yang disintesis dari ekstrak etil
asetat terong ungu (Solanum melongena L.) terhadap Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Metodologi:
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorium dengan rancangan post-test only control
group. Nanopartikel perak disintesis melalui metode green synthesis menggunakan ekstrak etil asetat
terong ungu sebagai agen pereduksi dan penstabil. Aktivitas antijamur dianalisis melalui penentuan
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) dan Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC), sedangkan
aktivitas antibiofilm dievaluasi menggunakan metode microtiter plate assay untuk memperoleh nilai
Minimum Biofilm Inhibitory Concentration 50% (MBIC₅₀) dan Minimum Biofilm Reduction Concentration
50% (MBRC₅₀). Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nanopartikel perak memiliki ukuran rata-rata
77 nm. Aktivitas antijamur menunjukkan nilai MIC sebesar 8 mg/mL dengan sifat fungistatik, sementara
aktivitas fungisidal tidak tercapai pada uji MFC. Aktivitas antibiofilm menunjukkan efektivitas yang
signifikan dengan nilai MBIC₅₀ sebesar 2,079 mg/mL dan MBRC₅₀ sebesar 1,736 mg/mL, disertai pola
dosis–respon yang konsisten terhadap hambatan dan reduksi biofilm C. albicans. Kesimpulan:
Nanopartikel perak ekstrak etil asetat terong ungu memiliki potensi sebagai agen antijamur dan antibiofilm
berbasis bahan alam, dengan efektivitas yang lebih menonjol terhadap fase biofilm dibandingkan fase
planktonik, sehingga berpeluang dikembangkan sebagai agen pendukung terapi kandidiasis.		Background: Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen and the leading cause of candidiasis,
with the ability to form biofilms that significantly increase resistance to conventional antifungal therapies.
Natural product–based approaches combined with nanotechnology have been explored to enhance
antifungal and antibiofilm efficacy. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal and antibiofilm
activities of silver nanoparticles synthesized from the ethyl acetate extract of purple eggplant (Solanum
melongena L.) against Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Methodology: This experimental laboratory study
employed a post-test only control group design. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using a green
synthesis approach, with the ethyl acetate extract of S. melongena serving as a reducing and stabilizing
agent. Antifungal activity was assessed by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC). Antibiofilm activity was evaluated using a microtiter plate
assay to determine the Minimum Biofilm Inhibitory Concentration 50% (MBIC₅₀) and Minimum Biofilm
Reduction Concentration 50% (MBRC₅₀). Results: The synthesized silver nanoparticles had an average
particle size of 77 nm. Antifungal testing revealed an MIC value of 8 mg/mL with fungistatic activity, while
no fungicidal effect was observed in the MFC assay. The nanoparticles demonstrated significant antibiofilm
activity, with MBIC₅₀ and MBRC₅₀ values of 2.079 mg/mL and 1.736 mg/mL, respectively, and exhibited a
consistent dose–response pattern in both biofilm inhibition and reduction. Conclusion: Silver nanoparticles
synthesized from the ethyl acetate extract of Solanum melongena L. exhibit promising antifungal and
antibiofilm activities against Candida albicans, with greater effectiveness against the biofilm phase than
the planktonic phase. These findings highlight their potential development as a natural adjunctive agent for
candidiasis therapy
4773051120G1A022118PENGARUH EKSTRAK PEGAGAN (CENTELLA ASIATICA) TERHADAP KADAR SGOT DAN SGPT TIKUS PUTIH (RATTUS NORVEGICUS) YANG DIBERI PAPARAN ELEKTROMAGNETIK TELEPON SELULERLatar Belakang : Penggunaan telepon seluler jaringan 4G 2100 MHz menimbulkan dampak terhadap kesehatan berupa kerusakan hati akibat stres oksidatif, yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar SGOT dan SGPT. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan bahwa paparan gelombang elektromagnetik dapat memicu cedera hepatosit, sementara tanaman tradisional seperti Centella asiatica diketahui memiliki kandungan antioksidan yang berpotensi memberikan efek hepatoprotektif. Tujuan : Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak pegagan (Centella asiatica) terhadap kadar SGOT dan SGPT tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) yang diberi paparan gelombang elektromagnetik telepon seluler. Metode : Penelitian eksperimental ini menggunakan desain Posttest Only Controlled Group. Penelitian dilakukan pada 30 tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) yang terbagi menjadi lima kelompok, yaitu kelompok tanpa paparan elektromagnetik dan tanpa pemberian ekstrak, paparan elektromagnetik tanpa ekstrak, serta kelompok yang diberi ekstrak pegagan (Centella asiatica) dosis 125, 250, dan 500 mg/kgBB selama 45 hari. Paparan elektromagnetik diberikan selama 2 jam per hari. Data hasil kadar SGOT dianalisis dengan uji One-way ANOVA dan kadar SGPT dianalisis dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil : Hasil penelitian setelah pemberian ekstrak pegagan (Centella asiatica) menunjukkan rerata kadar SGOT terendah pada kelompok dengan pemberian dosis 250 mg/kgBB sebesar 149.67 IU/L dan rerata kadar SGPT terendah pada kelompok dengan pemberian dosis 250 mg/kgBB sebesar 70.83 IU/L. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan kadar SGOT (p=0.274) dan SGPT (p=0.110). Kesimpulan : Ekstrak Centella asiatica tidak memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar SGOT dan SGPT tikus putih yang terpapar gelombang elektromagnetik telepon seluler.Background : The increasing use of mobile phones 4G 2100 MHz network presents health effects, including liver damage caused by oxidative stress, which is indicated by elevated SGOT and SGPT levels. Several studies indicate that electromagnetic wave exposure can trigger hepatocellular injury, while traditional medicinal plants such as Centella asiatica contain antioxidant compounds that may provide hepatoprotective effects. Objective : This study aimed to determine the effect of Centella asiatica extract on SGOT and SGPT levels in Rattus norvegicus exposed to mobile-phone electromagnetic waves. Method : This experimental study used a Posttest Only Controlled Group design. The study was conducted on 30 Rattus norvegicus divided into five groups: a group without electromagnetic exposure and without extract administration, a group exposed to electromagnetic exposure without extract, and three treatment groups receiving Centella asiatica extract at doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kgBW for 45 days. Electromagnetic exposure was administered for 2 hours per day. SGOT data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and SGPT levels were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis. Results : The results show that administration of Centella asiatica extract produces the lowest mean SGOT levels in the group receiving a 250 mg/kgBW dose with values of 149.67 IU/L and the lowest mean SGOT levels in the group receiving a 250 mg/kgBW dose with values of 70.83 IU/L. The findings also show that there is no significant difference in SGOT (p = 0.274) and SGPT (p = 0.110) levels. Conclusion : The study concludes that Centella asiatica extract does not significantly affect SGOT and SGPT levels in Rattus norvegicus exposed to mobile-phone electromagnetic waves
4773151121H1D021097IMPLEMENTASI METODE RAD DALAM PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM PENILAIAN KINERJA DAN KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM BERBASIS WEB MENGGUNAKAN FRAMEWORK LARAVEL PADA ULT KEMENDIKDASMEN
Unit Layanan Terpadu (ULT) Kementerian Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah memiliki peran strategis dalam memberikan layanan informasi dan aduan kepada masyarakat. Namun, proses penilaian kinerja pegawai dan pengelolaan pengetahuan di lingkungan ULT masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, seperti penggunaan dokumen terpisah, ketergantungan pada spreadsheet manual, serta keterbatasan dalam pemantauan kinerja dan berbagi informasi secara terintegrasi. Kondisi tersebut berpotensi menurunkan efisiensi, akurasi, serta transparansi dalam pelaksanaan layanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem informasi penilaian kinerja dan Knowledge Management System (KMS) berbasis web yang terintegrasi pada ULT Kementerian Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah. Metode pengembangan sistem yang digunakan adalah Rapid Application Development (RAD) yang terdiri dari tahap requirements planning, design workshop, dan implementation. Sistem dikembangkan menggunakan Laravel 12 sebagai framework, TailwindCSS dan Flowbite untuk antarmuka pengguna, serta PostgreSQL sebagai basis data. Hasil penelitian berupa sistem yang mampu mengelola data pegawai, penilaian kinerja berbasis score card, sampling, dan APIK (analisis, kepemimpinan, dan inisiatif), serta pengelolaan pengetahuan melalui modul flow handling dan macro. Pengujian sistem dilakukan menggunakan metode black box testing dan menunjukkan bahwa seluruh fungsi utama, seperti validasi input, kontrol akses berbasis peran (role-based access control), integrasi antar modul, serta proses import dan export data, berjalan sesuai dengan spesifikasi yang ditetapkan. Dengan demikian, penerapan sistem ini berkontribusi dalam mendukung efisiensi proses penilaian kinerja, mendukung transparansi dan akuntabilitas, serta mempermudah pengelolaan dan berbagi pengetahuan di lingkungan ULT Kementerian Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah.The Integrated Service Unit (ULT) of the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education plays a strategic role in providing information and complaint services to the public. However, the process of employee performance appraisal and knowledge management within the ULT still faces various obstacles, such as the use of separate documents, dependence on manual spreadsheets, and limitations in integrated performance monitoring and information sharing. These conditions have the potential to reduce efficiency, accuracy, and transparency in service delivery. This study aims to develop a web-based performance appraisal information system and Knowledge Management System (KMS) integrated into the ULT of the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education. The system development method used is Rapid Application Development (RAD), which consists of the stages of requirements planning, design workshop, and implementation. The system was developed using Laravel 12 as the framework, TailwindCSS and Flowbite for the user interface, and PostgreSQL as the database. The results of the study are a system capable of managing employee data, performance assessment based on score cards, sampling, and APIK (analysis, leadership, and initiative), as well as knowledge management through flow handling and macro modules. The system was tested using the black box testing method and showed that all main functions, such as input validation, role-based access control, inter-module integration, and data import and export processes, ran according to the specified specifications. Thus, the implementation of this system contributes to supporting the efficiency of the performance appraisal process, supporting transparency and accountability, and facilitating knowledge management and sharing within the ULT environment of the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education.
4773251117G1A022096HUBUNGAN ANTARA DURASI PENGGUNAAN SMARTPHONE DENGAN KUALITAS TIDUR PADA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 1 SOKARAJA
Latar belakang: Penggunaan smartphone pada remaja terus mengalami peningkatan dan berpotensi memengaruhi kesehatan, termasuk kualitas tidur. Remaja awal, khususnya siswa kelas VIII, berada pada fase rentan mengalami gangguan tidur akibat perubahan ritme sirkadian dan meningkatnya aktivitas digital.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara durasi penggunaan smartphone dengan kualitas tidur pada siswa kelas VIII SMPN 1 Sokaraja. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional analitik dengan desain cross-sectional. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan teknik total sampling. Pengumpulan data durasi penggunaan smartphone menggunakan skala Guttman dan data kualitas tidur menggunakan Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji chi-Square.
Hasil: Sebanyak 92,7% responden memiliki durasi penggunaan smartphone kategori tinggi hingga sangat tinggi, serta 62,2% responden mengalami kualitas tidur buruk. Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan terdapat hubungan signifikan antara durasi penggunaan smartphone dengan kualitas tidur (p = 0,041) dan nilai korelasi r = 0,214.
Kesimpulan: Durasi penggunaan smartphone berhubungan dengan kualitas tidur pada siswa kelas VIII SMPN 1 Sokaraja		Background: Smartphone use among adolescents has continued to increase and may affect various aspects of health, including sleep quality. Early adolescents, particularly eighth-grade students, are in a vulnerable phase due to circadian rhythm changes and increased digital activities, which may lead to sleep disturbances.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between smartphone usage duration and sleep quality among eighth-grade students at SMPN 1 Sokaraja.
Methods: This study used an analytical observational method with a cross-sectional design. The sample was selected using a total sampling technique. Data on smartphone usage duration were collected using a Guttman scale questionnaire, and sleep quality data were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test.
Results: A total of 92.7% of respondents have high to very high smartphone usage duration, and 62.2% have poor sleep quality. The Chi-Square test shows a significant relationship between smartphone usage duration and sleep quality (p = 0.041), with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.214.
Conclusion: Smartphone usage duration is associated with sleep quality among eighth-grade students at SMPN 1 Sokaraja.
4773351119G1A022069EFEK PEMBERIAN KEFIR SUSU KAMBING BERBAGAI DOSIS TERHADAP KADAR ALT DAN AST TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus) GALUR WISTAR MODEL DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2Latar belakang: Diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) dapat disertai disfungsi hati yang tercermin dari perubahan enzim transaminase. Tujuan: Menganalisis efek pemberian kefir susu kambing berbagai dosis terhadap kadar alanine aminotransferase (ALT) dan aspartate aminotransferase (AST) pada tikus Wistar model DMT2. Metode: Penelitian eksperimental dengan lima kelompok: kontrol sehat (A), kontrol DMT2 (B), DMT2+kefir 1,05 mL/200 gBB (C), DMT2+kefir 2,1 mL/200 gBB (D), dan DMT2+kefir 4,2 mL/200 gBB (E). Induksi DMT2 dilakukan dengan pemberian diet tinggi lemak (otak sapi) 28 hari dan injeksi streptozotocin dua kali (30 mg/kgBB lalu 50 mg/kgBB). Pemeriksaan ALT dan AST dilakukan dengan metode kinetik enzimatik standar IFCC. Hasil: Rerata ALT (U/L) berturut-turut A–E adalah 73,67; 132,33; 257,25; 104,67; 115,75. Uji ANOVA (data ALT ditransformasi log10) menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok (p=0,004) dan uji lanjut Tukey menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok A dan C (p=0,002). Rerata AST (U/L) A–E adalah 119,17; 126,50; 228,00; 151,33; 137,25; uji ANOVA menunjukkan tidak bermakna (p=0,106). Kesimpulan: Pemberian kefir susu kambing dosis 1,05 mL/200 gBB berasosiasi dengan peningkatan ALT pada model DMT2, sedangkan perbandingan kadar AST antar kelompok tidak bermakna secara statistik.Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may be accompanied by liver dysfunction reflected by altered transaminase enzymes. Objective: To analyze the effects of different doses of goat milk kefir on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in a T2DM Wistar rat model. Methods: A laboratory experimental study with five groups: healthy control (A), T2DM control (B), T2DM+kefir 1.05 mL/200 gBW (C), T2DM+kefir 2.1 mL/200 gBW (D), and T2DM+kefir 4.2 mL/200 gBW (E). T2DM was induced using a high-fat diet (cow brain) for 28 days followed by two streptozotocin injections (30 mg/kgBW then 50 mg/kgBW). ALT and AST were measured using an IFCC-based kinetic enzymatic method. Results: Mean ALT (U/L) for groups A–E were 73.67, 132.33, 257.25, 104.67, and 115.75, respectively. One-way ANOVA on log10-transformed ALT showed significant differences among groups (p=0.004), and Tukey post-hoc revealed a significant difference between groups A and C (p=0.002). Mean AST (U/L) for groups A–E were 119.17, 126.50, 228.00, 151.33, and 137.25; ANOVA showed no significant difference (p=0.106). Conclusion: Goat milk kefir at 1.05 mL/200 gBW was associated with increased ALT in the T2DM model, while AST did not differ significantly across groups.
4773451122G1A022043DETERMINAN KEPATUHAN KONSUMSI OBAT PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS DI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH: ANALISIS DATA SURVEI KESEHATAN INDONESIA 2023Latar Belakang: Diabetes Melitus (DM) merupakan the silent killer, satu dari setiap dua orang tidak menyadari kondisi DM yang dialaminya. Hasil SKI 2023 menunjukkan adanya gap prevalensi penduduk yang didiagnosis DM oleh tenaga kesehatan dengan hasil pemeriksaan kadar gula darah sebesar 9,5% (2,2% vs 11,7%). Diabetes Melitus yang tidak terdeteksi dan tidak dikendalikan dengan baik dapat menyebabkan komplikasi. Faktor kunci dalam pengendalian gula darah bagi pasien DM adalah kepatuhan mengkonsumsi obat yang diberikan sesuai anjuran dokter. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara status gizi, aktivitas fisik, usia, pemeriksaan GDS berkala, informasi mengenai obat DM, pendidikan, dan karakteristik geografis dengan kepatuhan konsumsi obat pada pasien diabetes melitus di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Metodologi: Penelitian menggunakan rancangan analitik observasional pendekatan cross-sectional dengan data sekunder SKI 2023. Hasil: Responden penelitian didominasi individu berusia ≥ 60 tahun, tidak obesitas, aktivitas fisik kurang, pemeriksaan GDS minimal 1 bulan sekali, mendapat penjelasan obat DM, pendidikan rendah, dan tinggal di perkotaan. Uji regresi logistik pada analisis bivariat dan multivariat memperoleh nilai p-value < 0,001 pada variabel pemeriksaan GDS berkala dan penjelasan obat DM. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pemeriksaan GDS berkala dan penjelasan obat DM dengan kepatuhan konsumsi obat pada pasien diabetes melitus di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is known as a silent killer, with one in two individuals unaware of their condition. The 2023 SKI results indicate a 9.5% prevalence gap between residents diagnosed with DM by health professionals and those identified through blood glucose testing (2.2% vs 11.7%). Undetected and poorly controlled DM can lead to complications. A key factor in blood glucose control among DM patients is adherence to prescribed medication. Objective: To analyze the association between nutritional status, physical activity, age, regular random blood glucose (RBG) monitoring, information regarding diabetes mellitus (DM) medication, education, and geographical characteristics with medication adherence among diabetes mellitus patients in Central Java Province. Methodology: This study employed an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach using secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI 2023). Results: Most respondents were aged ≥ 60 years, non-obese, had low physical activity, underwent RBG monitoring at least once a month, received information regarding DM medication, had a low level of education, and resided in urban areas. Logistic regression analysis in both bivariate and multivariate models showed p-values < 0.001 for regular RBG monitoring and information on DM medication. Conclusion: There is a significant association between regular RBG monitoring and information regarding DM medication with medication adherence among diabetes mellitus patients in Central Java Province.
4773551123G1A022025HUBUNGAN KEMAMPUAN PEMBENTUKAN BIOFILM DENGAN RESISTENSI ANTIBIOTIK PADA BAKTERI PATOGEN DARI PASIEN INFEKSI PARU BAKTERIAL DI RSUD BANYUMASLatar belakang: Bakteri penghasil biofilm menjadi tantangan klinis utama pada infeksi paru bakterial karena dapat meningkatkan resistensi antibiotik hingga 1000 kali lipat. Penelitian berkaitan resistensi antibiotik pada infeksi paru bakterial akibat pembentukan biofilm di RSUD Banyumas sebelumnya belum pernah dilakukan.
Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara kemampuan pembentukan biofilm dengan resistensi antibiotik dari pasien infeksi paru bakterial di RSUD Banyumas
Metode: Penelitian menggunakan microtiter plate biofilm assay dan kultur serta AST dengan menggunakan alat otomatis, Vitek 2 Compact
Hasil: : Responden penelitian berjumlah 90 dengan distribusi didominasi bakteri Gram negatif 88,9%, serta proporsi kemampuan pembentukan biofilm lemah terbanyak 81%. Bakteri Gram negatif terbanyak adalah Klebsiella pneumoniae, sedangkan Gram positif terbanyak adalah Staphylococcus aureus Uji korelasi Spearman pembentukan biofilm terhadap antibiotik Aztreonam (p = 0,041) dan Ceftriaxone (p = 0,036) memperoleh nilai p-value < 0,05.
Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan signifikan kemampuan pembentukan biofilm pada bakteri gram negatif dengan kategori MIC pada Aztreonam dan Ceftriaxone serta terdapat hubungan signifikan profil resistensi antibiotik terhadap klasifikasi jenis bakteri.
Background: Biofilm-producing bacteria present a major clinical challenge in bacterial pneumonia because they can markedly increase antibiotic resistance, up to 1,000-fold. Research on antibiotic resistance in relation to biofilm formation in bacterial pulmonary infections at RSUD Banyumas has not been previously conducted.
Purpose: To analyze the association between biofilm-forming ability and antibiotic resistance in bacterial isolates from patients with bacterial pulmonary infections at RSUD Banyumas
Method: Biofilm formation was assessed using the microtiter plate biofilm assay, while antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was conducted using the automated Vitek-2 Compact system.
Result: The study included 90 isolates, dominated by Gram-negative bacteria (88.9%). Weak biofilm-forming ability was most common (81%). The most prevalent Gram-negative bacterium was Klebsiella pneumoniae, and the most common Gram-positive bacterium was Staphylococcus aureus. Spearman correlation showed a significant association between biofilm formation and resistance to Aztreonam (p = 0.041) and Ceftriaxone (p = 0.036), with p < 0.05.
Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between the ability to form biofilms in gram-negative bacteria and the MIC category of Aztreonam and Ceftriaxone, and there is a significant relationship between the antibiotic resistance profile and the classification of bacterial types.
Keywords: Antibiotic Resistance, Bacterial lung infection, Banyumas, Biofilm
4773624132G1A015042UJI AKTIVITAS BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT (Lactobacillus bulgaricus DAN Streptococcus thermophilus) YOGHURT DALAM MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN ISOLAT Escherichia coli PENYEBAB DIARELatar Belakang: Diare yaitu perubahan konsistensi tinja akibat kandungan air di dalam tinja melebihi normal dengan peningkatan frekuensi buang air besar lebih dari tiga kali sehari. Salah satu upaya mencegah diare yang disebabkan oleh bakteri yaitu mengkonsumsi minuman probiotik. Yoghurt merupakan minuman probiotik yang menguntungkan bagi kesehatan karena mengandung bakteri asam laktat Lactobacillus bulgaricus dan Streptococcus thermophilus. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas bakteri asam laktat (L. bulgaricus dan S. thermophilus) yoghurt dalam menghambat pertumbuhan isolat E. coli penyebab diare. Metodologi: Penelitian ini merupakan true experimental post test-only with control group design. Bakteri patogen E. coli dikontakkan dengan yoghurt yang berisi L. bulgaricus dan S. thermophilus di dalam tabung reaksi selama 24 jam, lalu ditumbuhkan dalam cawan yang berisi media Eosin Methylen Blue Agar (EMBA). Tiga puluh cawan dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok, yaitu Kelompok 1 (kelompok kontrol tanpa pemberian yoghurt), Kelompok 2 (konsentrasi yoghurt 20%), Kelompok 3 (yoghurt 40%), Kelompok 4 (yoghurt 60%) dan Kelompok 5 (yoghurt 80%). Pertumbuhan koloni E. coli diamati dan dihitung dengan colony counter. Hasil: Rerata jumlah E.coli yang tumbuh pada K1= 995 x 102 + 129178,4; K2= 6 x 102 + 865,541; K3= 1 x 102 + 85,032; K4: 1 x 102 + 106,965; K5: 0,5 x 102 + 42,783. Hasil uji One Way Anova menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara pertumbuhan koloni E. coli dengan variasi konsentrasi yoghurt, dengan p= 0,0001 (p<0,05). Uji post hoc Bonferroni menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara K1 dengan semua kelompok data dengan hasil p=0,0001 (p<0,05), sedangkan antar K2, K3, K4, dan K5 tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan. Kesimpulan: Bakteri asam laktat dalam yoghurt dengan konsentrasi 20%, 40%, 60% dan 80% dapat menghambat pertumbuhan isolat bakteri Escherichia coli penyebab diare.Background: Diarrhea is a change in stool consistency due to excess normal water content in the stool with an increase in frequency of bowel movements more than three times a day. One effort to prevent diarrhea caused by bacteria is to consume probiotic drinks. Yogurt is a probiotic drink that is beneficial to health because it contains lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. Objective: This study aimed to test the activity of lactic acid bacteria (L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus) yogurt in inhibiting the growth of E. coli isolates that causing diarrhea. Methodology: This study was true experimental post-test only with control group design. The pathogenic bacterium E. coli was contacted with yogurt containing L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus in a test tube for 24 hours, then grown in a cup containing Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA) media. Thirty dishes were divided into 5 groups, namely Group 1 (control group without yoghurt), Group 2 (yogurt concentration 20%), Group 3 (yogurt 40%), Group 4 (yogurt 60%) and Group 5 (yogurt 80%). Growth of E. coli colonies was observed and calculated by colony counter. Results: The average number of E. coli growing at K1 = 995 x 102 + 129178.4; K2 = 6 x 102 + 865,541; K3 = 1 x 102 + 85,032; K4: 1 x 102 + 106,965; K5: 0.5 x 102 + 42,783. The One Way Anova test result shows that there is a significant difference between the growth of E. coli colonies and variations in yogurt concentration, with p = 0,0001 (p <0.05). The Bonferroni post hoc test shows that there are significant differences between K1 and all groups of data with the results of p = 0,0001 (p <0.05), whereas between K2, K3, K4, and K5 there are no significant differences. Conclusion: Lactic acid bacteria in yogurt with concentration of 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% can inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli bacterial isolates that causing diarrhea.
4773751124G1A022058UJI KOMPARASI ANTARA PEMBERIAN TELUR OMEGA-3 DAN TELUR NON-OMEGA-3 TERHADAP KADAR MALONDIALDEHIDA (MDA) DARAH PADA TIKUS (Rattus norvegicus) JANTAN DENGAN HIGH FAT DIETLatar belakang: Diet tinggi lemak merupakan faktor utama yang berperan dalam terjadinya gangguan metabolisme lipid melalui peningkatan sintesis dan akumulasi kolesterol dalam sirkulasi darah. Hiperkolesterolemia merupakan salah satu gangguan metabolisme lipid dan berhubungan erat dengan peningkatan stres oksidatif yang ditandai oleh tingginya kadar malondialdehida sebagai produk peroksidasi lipid, sehingga berkontribusi terhadap risiko penyakit kardiovaskular. Telur omega-3 dikembangkan sebagai pangan fungsional dengan kandungan asam lemak omega-3 yang berpotensi menekan stres oksidatif. Tujuan: untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar malondialdehida darah pada tikus high fat diet yang diberikan telur omega-3 dan yang diberikan telur non-omega-3. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorium dengan desain post-test only with control group menggunakan tikus jantan Rattus norvegicus yang diinduksi diet tinggi lemak. Subjek dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol sehat, kontrol diet tinggi lemak, kelompok perlakuan telur omega-3, dan kelompok perlakuan telur non-omega-3. Setelah periode intervensi, kadar malondialdehida darah diukur menggunakan metode enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) dan dianalisis menggunakan one-way anova dan post hoc tukey HSD. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan (P > 0,05) antara kelompok yang diberi telur omega-3 dan kelompok yang diberi telur non-omega-3. Perbedaan ini menandakan bahwa telur omega-3 memiliki efek protektif yang dapat menekan peningkatan MDA dibandingkan dengan telur non-omega-3. Kesimpulan: Pemberian telur omega-3 menunjukkan kadar malondialdehida yang lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok telur non-omega-3, yang mengindikasikan bahwa kandungan omega-3 berperan dalam menekan peningkatan kadar malondialdehida darah.Background: A high-fat diet is a major factor contributing to lipid metabolism disorders through increased synthesis and accumulation of cholesterol in the circulation. Hypercholesterolemia is closely associated with elevated oxidative stress, characterized by increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as a product of lipid peroxidation, thereby increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Omega-3–enriched eggs have been developed as functional foods containing omega-3 fatty acids with potential antioxidant properties that may reduce oxidative stress. Objective: This study aimed to determine the difference in blood malondialdehyde levels in high-fat diet–induced rats given omega-3 eggs compared to those given non–omega-3 eggs. Methods: This laboratory experimental study employed a post-test only with control group design using male Rattus norvegicus induced with a high-fat diet. The subjects were divided into a healthy control group, a high-fat diet control group, an omega-3 egg treatment group, and a non–omega-3 egg treatment group. After the intervention period, blood malondialdehyde levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD post hoc test. Results: The results showed a difference (P > 0,05) between the omega-3 egg group and the non–omega-3 egg group, indicating that omega-3 eggs exert a protective effect by attenuating the increase in MDA levels compared to non–omega-3 eggs. Conclusion: Administration of omega-3 eggs resulted in lower malondialdehyde levels compared to non–omega-3 eggs, suggesting that omega-3 content plays a role in suppressing the increase in blood malondialdehyde levels.
4773851125G1A022085KORELASI TINGKAT AKTIVITAS FISIK DENGAN FUNGSI KOGNITIF PADA SISWA SMAN 1 BATURRADENLatar Belakang: Masa remaja merupakan periode penting dalam perkembangan kognitif. Fungsi kognitif memiliki peran penting dalam mendukung proses pembelajaran. Aktivitas fisik diketahui memiliki korelasi positif terhadap peningkatan fungsi kognitif melalui beberapa mekanisme neurobiologis sehingga aktivitas fisik yang memadai berperan dalam menunjang fungsi otak dan kemampuan belajar. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui korelasi antara tingkat aktivitas fisik dan fungsi kognitif pada siswa SMAN 1 Baturraden. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional pada 35 siswa kelas 11 yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Tingkat aktivitas fisik diukur menggunakan kuesioner PAQ-A, sedangkan fungsi kognitif dinilai dengan MoCA-Ina. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat (Spearman’s rho). Hasil: Uji korelasi menunjukkan korelasi positif yang cukup kuat antara tingkat aktivitas fisik dan fungsi kognitif (p = 0,000; r = 0,586). Rata-rata skor MoCA-Ina adalah 24,46 ± 2,47 (di bawah nilai nomal), sedangkan rata-rata skor PAQ-A 2,57 ± 0,72 (kategori tingkat aktivitas rendah). Kesimpulan: Aktivitas fisik berkorelasi positif yang cukup kuat dengan fungsi kognitif siswa, yang berarti semakin tinggi aktivitas fisik, semakin baik pula fungsi kognitif siswa.
Background: Adolescence represents a critical window for cognitive development, where cognitive functions serve as a fundamental pillar for the learning process. Physical activity is positively correlated with enhanced cognitive performance through various neurobiological mechanisms, suggesting that adequate physical engagement is vital for optimizing brain function and learning capabilities. Objective: This study aimed to determine the correlation between physical activity level and cognitive function among students at SMAN 1 Baturraden. Method: This study used an analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach and involved 35 eleventh-grade students selected through purposive sampling. Physical activity levels were measured using the PAQ-A questionnaire, while cognitive function was assessed using the MoCA-Ina. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate (Spearman’s rho) analysis. Result: The correlation test shows a moderately strong positive relationship between physical activity level and cognitive function (p = 0.000; r = 0.586). The mean MoCA-Ina score is 24,46 ± 2,47, which is below the normal cutoff, while the mean PAQ-A score is 2,57 ± 0,72, indicating a low physical activity level. Conclusion: Physical activity demonstrates a moderately strong positive correlation with students cognitive function, indicating that higher levels of physical activity are associated with better cognitive performance among students.
4773951126G1A022017Pengaruh Ekstrak Kloroform Daun Adas (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Terhadap Mencit (Mus musculus) Jantan Yang Terinfeksi Plasmodium bergheiLatar Belakang: Malaria merupakan penyakit infeksi yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan global dan dapat memengaruhi status gizi penderita, termasuk perubahan berat badan. Infeksi P. berghei memicu respon inflamasi yang berpotensi meningkatkan kebutuhan metabolik dan menurunkan nafsu makan. Daun adas (F. vulgare Mill.) mengandung senyawa bioaktif seperti flavonoid, alkaloid, fenolik, dan terpenoid yang memiliki aktivitas antiinflamasi dan antimalaria, sehingga berpotensi memengaruhi perubahan berat badan selama infeksi malaria. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak kloroform daun adas terhadap perubahan berat badan mencit (Mus musculus) jantan yang terinfeksi P. berghei. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental dengan rancangan acak lengkap menggunakan desain pre and post test with control group. Subjek penelitian berupa mencit jantan yang dibagi ke dalam delapan kelompok, yaitu dua kelompok kontrol negatif, satu kelompok kontrol positif terinfeksi P. berghei, serta lima kelompok perlakuan yang diberi ekstrak kloroform daun adas dengan dosis 50, 100, 200, 400, dan 800 mg/kgBB. Pengukuran berat badan mencit dilakukan pada hari ke-0 hingga hari ke-4 setelah perlakuan. Perubahan berat badan ditentukan sebagai selisih antara berat badan awal dan berat badan akhir. Data perubahan berat badan dianalisis menggunakan uji Shapiro–Wilk, uji Levene, dan uji Kruskal–Wallis. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan berat badan mencit pada seluruh kelompok cenderung stabil selama periode pengamatan. Analisis statistik menunjukkan tidak terdapat pengaruh yang bermakna secara statistik terhadap perubahan berat badan antar kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol (p = 0,529). Kesimpulan: Pemberian ekstrak kloroform daun adas (F. vulgare Mill.) tidak memberikan pengaruh yang bermakna terhadap perubahan berat badan mencit jantan yang terinfeksi P. berghei pada fase awal infeksi.Background: Malaria is an infectious disease that remains a global health problem and can affect the nutritional status of patients, including changes in body weight. Infection with P. berghei triggers an inflammatory response that potentially increases metabolic demands and reduces appetite. Fennel leaves (F. vulgare Mill.) contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, and terpenoids that have anti-inflammatory and antimalarial activities, thereby potentially influencing body weight changes during malaria infection. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of chloroform extract of fennel leaves on body weight changes in male mice (Mus musculus) infected with P. berghei. Methods: This study was an experimental study with a completely randomized design using a pre- and post-test with control group design. The research subjects were male mice divided into eight groups, consisting of two negative control groups, one positive control group infected with P. berghei, and five treatment groups receiving chloroform extract of fennel leaves at doses of 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg body weight. Body weight of mice was measured from day 0 to day 4 after treatment. Body weight change was determined as the difference between initial body weight and final body weight. Body weight change data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, Levene’s test, and Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: The results show that body weight changes in mice across all groups tend to remain stable during the observation period. Statistical analysis shows that there is no statistically significant effect on body weight changes between the treatment groups and the control groups (p = 0.529). Conclusion: In conclusion, administration of chloroform extract of fennel leaves (F. vulgare Mill.) does not have a significant effect on body weight changes in male mice infected with P. berghei during the early phase of infection.
4774051128C1H022043LEVERAGING EVENT MARKETING TO ENHANCE BRAND CREDIBILITY THROUGH CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF PT. UBA UHUD INTERNATIONALPenelitian ini mengkaji peran pemasaran acara dalam meningkatkan kredibilitas merek melalui efek mediasi keterlibatan pelanggan. Dilakukan antara Februari dan Juli 2025, studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang menargetkan individu yang telah berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan pemasaran acara yang diselenggarakan oleh PT. UBA UHUD INTERNATIONAL, seperti pameran dan booth pameran dagang. Penelitian ini menguji empat hipotesis utama: Pemasaran Acara Memiliki Dampak Positif pada Kredibilitas Merek, Pemasaran Acara Memiliki Dampak Positif pada Keterlibatan Pelanggan, Keterlibatan Pelanggan Memiliki Dampak Positif pada Kredibilitas Merek, dan Keterlibatan Pelanggan Memediasi Hubungan antara Pemasaran Acara dan Kredibilitas Merek. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur dan model persamaan struktural untuk menentukan efek langsung dan tidak langsung. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa semua hipotesis yang diajukan didukung. Pemasaran acara memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap keterlibatan pelanggan dan kredibilitas merek, sementara keterlibatan pelanggan secara positif mempengaruhi kredibilitas merek. Selain itu, keterlibatan pelanggan ditemukan berperan sebagai mediator parsial dalam hubungan antara pemasaran acara dan kredibilitas merek. Selain itu, analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa Hiburan merupakan aspek paling dominan dalam pemasaran acara, Aktivasi merupakan bentuk keterlibatan pelanggan yang paling kuat, dan Keahlian merupakan dimensi paling menonjol dari kredibilitas merek. Temuan ini menyoroti nilai strategis dalam merancang program pemasaran acara yang menekankan hiburan yang menarik, mengaktifkan keterlibatan pelanggan, dan membangun persepsi keahlian merek—yang pada akhirnya meningkatkan kredibilitas merek di pasar yang kompetitif.


This research investigates the role of event marketing in enhancing brand credibility through the mediating effect of customer engagement. Conducted between February and July 2025, the study employs a quantitative approach targeting individuals who have participated in event marketing activities organized by PT. UBA UHUD INTERNATIONAL, such as exhibitions and trade show booths. The research examines four key hypotheses: Event Marketing Has a Positive Effect on Brand Credibility, Event Marketing Has a Positive Effect on Customer Engagement, Customer Engagement has a positive impact on Brand Credibility, and Customer Engagement Mediates the relationship between Event Marketing and Brand Credibility. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and using structural equation model to determine both direct and indirect effects. The findings reveal that all proposed hypotheses are supported. Event marketing significantly influences both customer engagement and brand credibility, while customer engagement positively affects brand credibility. Furthermore, customer engagement is found to partially mediate the relationship between event marketing and brand credibility. Additionally, descriptive analysis indicates that Entertainment is the most dominant aspect of event marketing, Activation is the strongest form of customer engagement, and Expertise is the most prominent dimension of brand credibility. These insights underscore the strategic value of designing event marketing programs that emphasize engaging entertainment, activate customer involvement, and build perceptions of brand expertise—ultimately enhancing brand credibility in competitive markets.