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5140154820F1B022082Implementasi Kebijakan Penerbitan Sertifikat Tanah Elektronik di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten BanyumasTransformasi digital dalam pelayanan publik mendorong pemerintah untuk menerapkan kebijakan penerbitan sertifikat tanah elektronik. Kabupaten Banyumas merupakan salah satu daerah yang telah menerapkan pelayanan pertanahan berbasis elektronik, namun implementasinya belum berjalan optimal karena rendahnya partisipasi masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis implementasi kebijakan penerbitan sertifikat tanah elektronik serta mendeskripsikan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Banyumas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Informan dipilih secara purposive sampling, meliputi pegawai Seksi Survei dan Pemetaan, pegawai Seksi Penetapan Hak dan Pendaftaran, serta perangkat desa. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan model interaktif Miles, Huberman, dan Saldana (2014). Analisis implementasi menggunakan perspektif What’s Happening and Why Ripley dan Franklin (1982). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan implementasi kebijakan ini teridentifikasi telah berjalan sesuai dengan pembagian peran aktor yang terlibat, tujuan yang jelas dan dipahami oleh pelaksana. Program ini berkembang melalui percepatan alih media sertifikat tanah analog dan PTSL, serta berkoordinasi dengan pemerintah desa dan kejaksaan negeri. Namun, implementasi kebijakan ini masih menghadapi beberapa kendala berupa sosialisasi yang belum merata, rendahnya antusias masyarakat, gangguan sistem elektronik, dan kesiapan infrastruktur digital belum sepenuhnya optimal.Digital transformation in public services has prompted the government to implement a policy for issuing electronic land certificates. Banyumas Regency is one of the regions that has adopted electronic-based land services; however, implementation has not been optimal due to low public participation. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the electronic land certificate issuance policy and describe the factors influencing it at the Banyumas Regency Land Office. A qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach was employed. Informants were selected via purposive sampling and included staff from the Supervision and Mapping Section, the Rights Determination and Registration Section, and village officials. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using the interactive model developed by Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (2014). The implementation analysis utilized the "What’s Happening and Why" perspective proposed by Ripley and Franklin (1982). The results indicate that the policy implementation has proceeded in accordance with the defined roles of the actors involved and clear objectives understood by the implementers. The program has progressed through the accelerated digitization of analog land certificates and the PTSL (Complete Systematic Land Registration) initiative, alongside coordination with village governments and the district attorney's office. Nevertheless, the implementation still faces several obstacles, including uneven dissemination of information, low public enthusiasm, electronic system disruptions, and digital infrastructure readiness that is not yet fully optimal.
5140254614H1E021041DESAIN EKSPERIMEN PROSES ROASTING PADA UKM MARIO’S COFFEE MENGGUNAKAN 2² FACTORIAL DESIGN GUNA PENINGKATAN KUALITAS BIJI KOPI KARANGREJAIndustri kopi terus berkembang seiring meningkatnya konsumsi dan permintaan pasar terhadap produk berkualitas tinggi. Namun, ketidakkonsistenan kualitas roasted bean, seperti tingginya tingkat kecacatan fisik, masih menjadi tantangan utama pada industri pengolahan kopi skala Usaha Kecil Menengah (UKM). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan parameter proses penyangraian (roasting) kopi Robusta Karangreja medium roast di UKM Mario’s Coffee, Purbalingga guna meminimalisasi cacat fisik. Metode yang digunakan adalah Design of Experiments (DoE) dengan pendekatan 2² Factorial Design yang melibatkan dua faktor, yaitu suhu (190°C dan 200°C) dan durasi penyangraian (10 dan 12 menit) dengan tiga kali replikasi. Hasil Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) menunjukkan bahwa suhu, waktu, serta interaksi antara keduanya berpengaruh signifikan terhadap gramasi produk cacat (P-value 0,000). Efek interaksi antara suhu dan waktu merupakan faktor yang paling dominan dalam menentukan tingkat kecacatan produk. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi suhu 190°C selama 12 menit merupakan parameter paling optimal untuk medium roast, menghasilkan cacat fisik terendah sebesar 10 gram serta meningkatkan mutu roasted bean secara signifikan. The coffee industry continues to grow alongside increasing consumption and market demand for high-quality products. However, quality inconsistency in roasted beans, such as a high rate of physical defects, remains a major challenge in Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) scale coffee processing industries. This study aims to optimize the roasting process parameters of medium roast Karangreja Robusta coffee at Mario's Coffee SME, Purbalingga, to minimize physical defects. The method used is Design of Experiments (DoE) with a 2² Factorial Design approach involving two factors: temperature (190°C and 200°C) and roasting duration (10 and 12 minutes) with three replications. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) results indicate that temperature, time, and their interaction significantly affect the weight of defective products (P"-value"=0.000). The interaction effect between temperature and time is the most dominant factor in determining product defect levels. Experimental results demonstrate that a temperature combination of 190°C for 12 minutes is the most optimal parameter for medium roast, producing the lowest physical defect weight of 10 grams and significantly improving the quality of the roasted beans.
5140354821J1E021004The Effect of Using Animation Video to Improve Students’ Vocabulary Mastery (A Pre-Experimental Research on the Fourth Grade Students at SDN 04 Randudongkal in the Academic Year of 2025/2026)Kurangnya media pembelajaran serta rendahnya penguasaan kosakata siswa yang ditemui peneliti selama mengikuti kegiatan magang di SDN 04 Randudongkal melalui program Kampus Mengajar menjadi latar belakang dilakukannya penelitian ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki pengimplementasian video animasi dalam pembelajaran kosakata serta menganalisis pengaruh signifikannya terhadap penguasaan kosakata siswa kelas IV di SDN 04 Randudongkal. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dipenelitian ini adalah pre-eksperimental dengan melibatkan 29 siswa kelas IV. Pada pertemuan pertama dan kedua, semua Langkah yang ada di modul ajar telah terlaksana. Namun pada pertemuan ketiga, aspek kejelasan video dan perhatian siswa hanya mencapai 67% karena terganggu suara marching band yang sedang berlatih di luar kelas. Langkah yang dilakukan guru adalah dengan menghentikan pemutaran video sejenak dan melanjutkannya kembali setelah suasana kondusif. Hasil test menunjukkan bahwa penguasaan kosakata siswa meningkat cukup signifikan, di mana rata-rata skor pre-test sebesar 48,20 naik menjadi 80,17 pada post-test. Peningkatan yang signifikan ini terjadi karena animation video diimplementasikan secara efektif. Menurut Dual Coding Theory, teknik pembelajaran yang menggabungkan konteks verbal dan gambar terbukti lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan penguasaan kosakata (Sadoski, 2005). Hal ini menjelaskan adanya pengaruh yang kuat dari animation video terhadap penguasaan kosakata siswa dalam penelitian ini. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil uji paired sample t-test menunjukkan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 (p < 0,05), yang berarti H₀ ditolak dan H₁ diterima, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa video animasi memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap penguasaan kosakata siswa kelas IV di SDN 04 Randudongkal.The limited use of learning materials, along with the low level of students' vocabulary mastery observed during an internship at SDN 04 Randudongkal through the Kampus Mengajar program, was the main reason behind this research. This study aimed to investigate the implementation of animation video in teaching vocabulary and to analyse the significant effect of animation video on vocabulary mastery among fourth-grade students at SDN 04 Randudongkal. This study used a pre-experimental design involving 29 fourth-grade students. All steps in lesson plan were implemented as planned in the first and second meetings. However, video clarity and student attention only reached 67% in the third meeting due to noise from a marching band practicing outside the classroom. The teacher paused the video and resumed once the noise had stopped. Test results showed an increase in students' vocabulary mastery, with the average score rising from 48.20 in the pre-test to 80.17 in the post-test. This significant increase occurred because the animation video was implemented effectively. According to Dual Coding Theory, learning techniques that combine verbal context and imagery are more effective in improving vocabulary mastery (Sadoski, 2005). This explains the strong effect of animation video on students' vocabulary mastery in this study. This is proven by the result of the Paired Samples T-Test, which showed a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), so H₀ was rejected and H₁ was accepted, indicating that animation video had a significant effect on students' vocabulary mastery at SDN 04 Randudongkal.
5140454791E1B019032THE APPLICATION OF CONCURSUS REALIS IN THE CRIMINAL OFFENSES OF PREMEDITATED MURDER AND ATTEMPTED PREMEDITATED MURDER (A Study of the Kediri District Court Decision Number: 119/Pid.B/2025/PN Gpr)
Membunuh atau menghilangkan nyawa orang lain, yang umum disebut sebagai pembunuhan, merupakan tindak pidana serius. Salah satu bentuknya adalah pembunuhan berencana yang dikategorikan sebagai kejahatan berat, di mana pelaku dapat dikenai hukuman mati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan hukum pidana terkait concursus realis dalam perkara pembunuhan berencana dan percobaan pembunuhan berencana, serta menilai kesesuaian pertimbangan hakim dalam Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Kediri Nomor 119/Pid.B/2025/PN.Gpr dengan asas dan ketentuan dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif yang bersifat preskriptif, dengan data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan dan dianalisis secara normatif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdakwa dinyatakan terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan bersalah melanggar Pasal 340 KUHP tentang pembunuhan berencana, serta Pasal 340 juncto Pasal 53 ayat (1) KUHP mengenai percobaan pembunuhan berencana. Unsur percobaan terpenuhi karena adanya niat yang telah diwujudkan dalam permulaan pelaksanaan, namun tidak selesainya perbuatan tersebut bukan disebabkan oleh kehendak pelaku sendiri. Dalam pembuktiannya, Majelis Hakim mendasarkan putusan pada alat bukti yang sah berupa keterangan saksi, Visum et Repertum, dan keterangan terdakwa, yang kemudian menimbulkan keyakinan hakim atas kesalahan terdakwa. Putusan tersebut mencerminkan penerapan concursus realis, karena terdakwa melakukan lebih dari satu tindak pidana yang berdiri sendiri. Selain itu, penerapan hukum oleh hakim telah sesuai dengan asas legalitas, asas pembuktian, dan prinsip pertanggungjawaban pidana, karena terdakwa dinilai mampu bertanggung jawab serta tidak terdapat alasan pemaaf maupun pembenar. Penjatuhan pidana mati juga dinilai tepat dan proporsional, karena tidak melampaui batas maksimum yang diatur dalam Pasal 340 KUHP. Dengan demikian, putusan hakim telah sejalan dengan prinsip-prinsip hukum pidana yang berlaku di Indonesia.Killing or taking another person’s life, commonly referred to as murder, constitutes a serious criminal offense. One form of this crime is premeditated murder, which is classified as a grave offense and may be punishable by death. This study aims to analyze the application of criminal law concerning concursus realis in cases of premeditated murder and attempted premeditated murder, as well as to assess the conformity of the judges’ considerations in the Kediri District Court Decision Number 119/Pid.B/2025/PN.Gpr with the principles and provisions set forth in the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP). This research employs a normative juridical approach with a prescriptive nature, using secondary data obtained through literature study and analyzed by qualitative normative methods. The results of the study indicate that the defendant was legally and convincingly proven guilty of violating Article 340 of the KUHP concerning premeditated murder, as well as Article 340 in conjunction with Article 53 paragraph (1) of the KUHP regarding attempted premeditated murder. The element of attempt is fulfilled as there was an intention manifested through the commencement of execution; however, the act was not completed due to reasons beyond the defendant’s own will. In its evidentiary assessment, the Panel of Judges based its decision on valid evidence, including witness testimonies, Visum et Repertum, and the defendant’s statement, which collectively established the judges’ conviction regarding the defendant’s guilt. The decision reflects the application of concursus realis, as the defendant committed more than one distinct criminal act. Furthermore, the judges’ application of law is consistent with the principles of legality, evidentiary standards, and criminal responsibility, as the defendant was deemed capable of being held accountable and no justifying or excusing grounds were found. The imposition of the death penalty is also considered appropriate and proportional, as it does not exceed the maximum penalty stipulated under Article 340 of the KUHP. Therefore, the court’s decision is in line with the fundamental principles of Indonesian criminal law.
5140554823F1A022132PARTISIPASI GENERASI Z DALAM PELESTARIAN TRADISI MEMBATIK BERBASIS EDUKASI DI KAMPOENG DJADHOEL SEMARANG: SUATU KAJIAN FENOMENOLOGISPerkembangan teknologi digital dan globalisasi memengaruhi preferensi budaya Generasi Z sehingga budaya lokal semakin terpinggirkan di kalangan generasi muda. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis makna dan bentuk partisipasi Generasi Z dalam pelestarian tradisi membatik berbasis edukasi di Kampoeng Djadhoel Semarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologis dengan metode kualitatif. Informan dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling yang terdiri atas dua informan Generasi Z yang aktif dalam edukasi membatik dan dua informan validasi dari Pokdarwis Kampoeng Djadhoel Semarang. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur, observasi partisipatif, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan model analisis interaktif Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Generasi Z memaknai partisipasi sebagai keterlibatan aktif yang mengandung tanggung jawab generasional, keterikatan emosional, dan kesadaran terhadap keberlanjutan budaya lokal. Pemaknaan tersebut diwujudkan dalam bentuk partisipasi edukatif, digital, sosial, dan manajerial. Partisipasi Generasi Z juga bersifat dinamis karena dipengaruhi oleh pengalaman kenyamanan, keterikatan emosional, kejenuhan, serta keterbatasan waktu. Temuan penelitian memperluas pemahaman mengenai partisipasi Generasi Z dengan menunjukkan bahwa pengalaman subjektif membentuk pemaknaan partisipasi yang kemudian diwujudkan dalam bentuk partisipasi edukatif, digital, sosial, dan manajerial.The development of digital technology and globalization has influenced the cultural preferences of Generation Z, leading to the increasing marginalization of local culture among the younger generation. This study aims to analyze the meaning and forms of Generation Z’s participation in the preservation of batik-making traditions through education in Kampoeng Djadhoel, Semarang. This study employs a phenomenological approach using qualitative methods. Informants were selected through purposive sampling, consisting of two Generation Z informants actively involved in batik education and two validation informants from the Kampoeng Djadhoel Semarang Tourism Development Group (Pokdarwis). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participatory observation, and documentation, and were subsequently analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive analysis model. The results indicate that Generation Z interprets participation as active engagement that involves generational responsibility, emotional attachment, and awareness of the sustainability of local culture. This interpretation manifests in the forms of educational, digital, social, and managerial participation. Generation Z’s participation is also dynamic, as it is influenced by experiences of comfort, emotional attachment, burnout, and time constraints. The study’s findings expand our understanding of Generation Z’s participation by demonstrating that subjective experiences shape their interpretation of participation, which is then manifested in the forms of educational, digital, social, and managerial participation.
5140654824L1A022016Resiliensi Sosial Ekonomi Nelayan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Cilacap dan di TPI Tegal Katilayu dalam Menghadapi Perubahan Iklim Perubahan iklim memengaruhi keberlanjutan sosial ekonomi nelayan melalui
perubahan pola musim, curah hujan tidak menentu, sedimentasi, dan cuaca
ekstrem. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh perubahan iklim
terhadap mata pencaharian dan hasil produksi nelayan di Pelabuhan Perikanan
Samudera (PPS) Cilacap dan Tempat Pelelangan Ikan (TPI) Tegal Katilayu,
mendeskripsikan strategi adaptasi nelayan, serta mengetahui peran pemerintah
dan lembaga non-pemerintah dalam mendukung resiliensi nelayan. Penelitian
menggunakan metode dekskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus
melalui observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan kuisioner. Data dianalisis
secara tematik serta diperkuat dengan analisis SWOT menggunakan matriks
IFAS dan EFAS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan iklim
menyebabkan pergeseran musim ikan, berkurangnya intensitas melaut, serta
menurunnya hasil tangkapan dan pendapatan nelayan. Strategi adaptasi
dilakukan melaui penyesuaian waktu dan lokasi penangkapan, pemanfaatan
informasi cuaca, dan melakukan diversifikasi mata pencaharian. Pemerintah dan
lembaga non-pemerintah mendukung reiliensi melalui penyediaan informasi
cuaca, bantuan sarana, pelatihan, akses permodalan, dan penguatan
kelembagaan.
Climate change affects the socio-economic sustainability of fishers through shifts in
seasonal patterns, erratic rainfall, sedimentation, and extreme weather. This study aims
to analyze the impact of climate change on the livelihoods and production outcomes of at
the Cilacap Oceanic Fishing Port (PPS) and the Tegal Katilayu Fish Auction Site (TPI),
describe fisher adaptation strategies , and examine the roles of government and non-
govermental organizations in supporting fisher resilience. The study employs a qualtative
descriptive method with a case study approach, utilizing observation, interviews,
documentation, and questionnaires. Data were analyzed thematically and supplemented
by a SWOT analysis using IFAS and EFAS matrices. The results indicate that climare
change has caused shifts in fishing seasons, reduced fishing aktivity, and declines in both
catch volume and fisher income. Adaptation strategies involve adjusting fishing times
and locations, utilizing weather information, and diversifying livelihoods. Government
and non-governmental organizations support resillience by providing weather
information, equipment asistance, training, access to capital, and institutional
strenthening..
5140754568B1A022008Kemampuan Penghambatan Isolat Bakteri Asal Pancuran Pitu Terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Colletotrichum sp. Penyebab Penyakit Antraknosa pada CabaiCabai merupakan tanaman hortikultura bernilai tinggi yang dibudidayakan luas di Indonesia. Budi daya cabai dapat menghadapi berbagai tantangan terutama serangan penyakit oleh jamur patogen Colletotrichum. Isolat bakteri asal Pancuran Pitu, salah satu sumber air panas di Baturaden, Kabupaten Banyumas, Jawa Tengah, sebelumnya diketahui memiliki potensi sebagai Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB). Namun, potensinya sebagai agen biokontrol terhadap Colletotrichum sp. belum dieksplorasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui aktivitas antagonis isolat bakteri potensial dari Pancuran Pitu terhadap jamur patogen Colletotrichum sp., mengetahui aktivitas ekstrak metabolit sekunder isolat bakteri potensial dalam menghambat pertumbuhan jamur patogen Colletotrichum sp., dan mengetahui kandungan senyawa ekstrak metabolit sekunder isolat bakteri potensial.
Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan survei dengan variabel bebas berupa isolat bakteri asal Pancuran Pitu dan variabel terikat berupa aktivitas penghambatan terhadap jamur patogen Colletotrichum sp. Parameter utama yang diamati adalah indeks penghambatan isolat bakteri terhadap pertumbuhan jamur patogen Colletotrichum sp., indeks penghambatan ekstrak metabolit sekunder dari isolat bakteri potensial terhadap pertumbuhan jamur patogen Colletotrichum sp., dan kandungan senyawa dalam ekstrak bakteri potensial. Parameter pendukung antara lain sifat hemolisis dan sifat hipersensitivitas isolat bakteri potensial. Tahapan penelitian meliputi peremajaan isolat bakteri dan jamur, uji antagonisme bakteri asal Pancuran Pitu terhadap pertumbuhan jamur patogen Colletotrichum sp., uji hemolisis, uji hipersensitivitas, pembuatan kurva pertumbuhan bakteri, isolasi metabolit sekunder dari isolat bakteri terpilih, uji aktivitas antifungi ekstrak metabolit sekunder terhadap pertumbuhan jamur patogen Colletotrichum sp., dan pemisahan senyawa aktif dengan metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT). Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif baik data dari uji antagonisme isolat bakteri terhadap pertumbuhan jamur patogen Colletotrichum sp., uji hemolisis, uji hipersensitivitas, dan uji KLT.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 6 dari 13 isolat bakteri yang diisolasi dari sumber air panas Pancuran Pitu memiliki kemampuan penghambatan terhadap pertumbuhan Colletotrichum sp. yang ditandai dengan terhambatnya pertumbuhan miselium jamur yang mendekati koloni bakteri. Berdasarkan uji antagonis, isolat TSA 5 menunjukkan aktivitas penghambatan tertinggi dengan rata-rata persentase hambatan sebesar 32,33%. Isolat TSA 5 juga menunjukkan hasil negatif pada uji hemolisis dan uji hipersensitivitas yang mengindikasikan bahwa isolat tersebut tidak menunjukkan sifat hemolisis maupun hipersensitivitas, sehingga berpotensi aman untuk dikembangkan sebagai agen pengendali hayati. Ekstrak metabolit sekunder yang dihasilkan oleh isolat TSA 5 memiliki aktivitas antifungi terhadap Colletotrichum sp. yang ditandai dengan pertumbuhan miselium jamur yang lebih lambat pada media perlakuan dibandingkan dengan kontrol, dengan rata-rata persentase penghambatan sebesar 21,25%. Hasil identifikasi metabolit sekunder menggunakan metode KLT menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kasar isolat TSA 5 mengandung senyawa golongan flavonoid, alkaloid, terpenoid dan lipopeptida yang diduga berperan dalam aktivitas antifungi terhadap Colletotrichum sp.
Chili pepper is a high-value horticultural crop that is widely cultivated in Indonesia. However, chili cultivation faces various challenges, particularly diseases caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum. Bacterial isolates originating from Pancuran Pitu, a hot spring located in Baturaden, Banyumas Regency, Central Java, have previously been reported to possess potential as Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB). However, their potential as biocontrol agents against Colletotrichum sp. has not yet been explored. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antagonistic activity of potential bacterial isolates from Pancuran Pitu against the pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum sp., evaluate the antifungal activity of secondary metabolite extracts from potential bacterial isolates against the growth of Colletotrichum sp., and identify the compounds present in the secondary metabolite extracts.
This research was conducted using a survey approach with bacterial isolates from Pancuran Pitu as the independent variable and inhibitory activity against the pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum sp. as the dependent variable. The main parameters observed were the inhibition index of bacterial isolates against the growth of Colletotrichum sp., the inhibition index of secondary metabolite extracts from potential bacterial isolates against the growth of Colletotrichum sp., and the chemical compounds present in the bacterial extracts. Supporting parameters included hemolytic and hypersensitivity characteristics of the potential bacterial isolates. The research stages included rejuvenation of bacterial and fungal isolates, antagonistic activity testing of bacterial isolates from Pancuran Pitu against the growth of Colletotrichum sp., hemolysis testing, hypersensitivity testing, preparation of a bacterial growth curve, isolation of secondary metabolites from the selected bacterial isolate, evaluation of the antifungal activity of secondary metabolite extracts against the growth of Colletotrichum sp., and separation of active compounds using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Data obtained from the antagonistic activity assay, hemolysis assay, hypersensitivity assay, and TLC analysis were analyzed descriptively.
The results showed that 6 of the 13 bacterial isolates obtained from the Pancuran Pitu hot spring were able to inhibit the growth of Colletotrichum sp., as indicated by the suppression of fungal mycelial growth approaching the bacterial colonies. Based on the antagonistic assay, isolate TSA 5 exhibited the highest inhibitory activity, with an average inhibition percentage of 32.33%. Isolate TSA 5 also showed negative results in the hemolysis and hypersensitivity assays, indicating that it exhibited neither hemolytic activity nor a hypersensitive response, suggesting its potential safety for development as a biological control agent. The secondary metabolite extract produced by isolate TSA 5 exhibited antifungal activity against Colletotrichum sp., as evidenced by slower fungal mycelial growth on the treatment medium compared to the control, with an average inhibition percentage of 21.25%. Identification of secondary metabolites using TLC revealed that the crude extract of isolate TSA 5 contained flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and lipopeptides, which are presumed to contribute to its antifungal activity against Colletotrichum sp.