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2112124000G1B014086FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP KAPASITAS VITAL PARU PADA PEDAGANG AYAM POTONG CABUT BULU DI PASAR AREA PURWOKERTOLatar Belakang: Pekerjaan ayam potong cabut bulu merupakan pekerjaan yang rentan mengalami gangguan kapasitas paru karena setiap hari debu dari makanan unggas, kotoran unggas yang sudah mengering, bulu-bulu unggas, bau yang dihasilkan dari kotoran unggas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kapasitas vital paru pekerja ayam potong cabut bulu di Pasar Area Purwokerto.

Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasi analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan teknik total sampling. Populasi dalam penelitian ini seluruh pekerja ayam potong cabut bulu di Pasar area Purwokerto sebanyak 90 pekerja. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan kuesioner, observasi, dan pengukuran. Data dianalisis ke dalam univariat, bivariat, multivariat.

Hasil Penelitian: Ada hubungan antara umur, masa kerja, waktu kerja, dan penggunaan masker terhadap kapasitas vital paru. Tidak ada hubungan antara kebiasaan merokok, status gizi, riwayat penyakit paru, riwayat pekerjaan, paparan debu total terhadap kapasitas vital paru. Ada pengaruh masa kerja, waktu kerja dan penggunaan masker terhadap kapasitas vital paru pekerja ayam potong cabut bulu di Pasar Area Purwokerto.

Simpulan: Variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap kapasitas vital paru pada pekerja ayam potong cabut di Pasar Area Purwokerto adalah masa kerja, waktu kerja, dan penggunaan masker karena nilai p-value < α.

Saran : Pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala pada pekerja yang bekerja lebih dari 5 tahun, mengatur jadwal kerja, dan menggunakan masker saat bekerja.
Background: Poultryman (chicken feathers puller) is a risky job which experience vital lung capacity abnormality because every day dust is from poultry food, dried poultry droppings, poultry feathers, odor produced from poultry droppings. The purpose of this research is to know what are factors which vital lung capacity abnormality of the poultryman (chicken feathers puller) in the tradisional markets in Purwokerto area.
Methods: This research is an observational analytic research with cross sectional approach with total sampling technique. The population in this research were all poultryman (chicken feathers puller) in the tradisional markets in Purwokerto area. of sample were 90 workes. The data were collected by questionnaire, observation, and measurement. Data were analyzed into univariate, bivariate, multivariate.
Results: There is correlation between age, work period, work duration, and use of a nose mask with vital lung capacity. There is no correlation between smoking habit, nutritional status, history of lung disease, exercise habit, total dust exposure with vital lung capacity. There is influence between work period, work duration and and use of a nose mask with which vital lung capacity abnormality of the poultryman (chicken feathers puller) in the tradisional markets in Purwokerto area.
Conclusion: Periodic health checks for workers who work more than 5 years, arrange work schedules, and and use a mask while working
2112224013B1K014023Chlorophyll and Agar Content of Gracilaria gigas (Harvey) From Different Salinity and Depth Cultivation ResultsGracilaria gigas is one of the red seaweed-producing agar, and is one of the largest in Indonesia. Its ability to grow over a wide range of salinity makes it widely cultivated in pond areas, one of them in the Randusanga area of Brebes Regency, Central Java where seaweed for this research is taken. As an autotrophic organism, photosynthesis being important, where this process produces some food reserves and one of them in the form of agar. The purpose of this research are knowing the interaction between salinity and depth to the content of chlorophyll and agar of Gracilaria gigas and Knowing the higher content of chlorophyll and agar yield of seaweed Gracilaria gigas cultivation on salinity and different depth. The method had been used is a survey method with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with Factorial pattern. The observed variables include independent variables: different depth and salinity levels, and dependent variables: chlorophyll content and agar yield. The results obtained were then analyzed using Analysis of Variance (Anova) (F-test) with 5% and 1% level.
This research shows that independently, salinity does not affect the agar yield, but affects the chlorophyll content where the salinity <25 ppt is the most influential. Neither depth nor interaction between depth and salinity affect the chlorophyll content and yield of Gracilaria gigas seaweed		Gracilaria gigas is one of the red seaweed-producing agar, and is one of the largest in Indonesia. Its ability to grow over a wide range of salinity makes it widely cultivated in pond areas, one of them in the Randusanga area of Brebes Regency, Central Java where seaweed for this research is taken. As an autotrophic organism, photosynthesis being important, where this process produces some food reserves and one of them in the form of agar. The purpose of this research are knowing the interaction between salinity and depth to the content of chlorophyll and agar of Gracilaria gigas and Knowing the higher content of chlorophyll and agar yield of seaweed Gracilaria gigas cultivation on salinity and different depth. The method had been used is a survey method with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with Factorial pattern. The observed variables include independent variables: different depth and salinity levels, and dependent variables: chlorophyll content and agar yield. The results obtained were then analyzed using Analysis of Variance (Anova) (F-test) with 5% and 1% level.
This research shows that independently, salinity does not affect the agar yield, but affects the chlorophyll content where the salinity <25 ppt is the most influential. Neither depth nor interaction between depth and salinity affect the chlorophyll content and yield of Gracilaria gigas seaweed
2112323998B1K014038THE SURVIVAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTER OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY Osteochilus vittatus (Val., 1842) KIDNEY CELLS CULTURE IN MEDIA CONTAINING DIFFERENT TYPE OF SERAThe fish-origin cell line as a research material is still limited. The establishment of cell line is important for several studies such as toxicology, carcinogenesis, cellular physiology and genetic regulation and expression. In culturing the cells, in vitro environment such as sera, play important role. The supplementation of culture media with the combination of fetal bovine serum (FBS) and fish serum (FS) were tested. The objective of this study were to evaluate the effects of different type of sera on the cell survival, the cells morphological characters, and to determine the most suitable media for culturing hard-lipped barb (Osteochilus vittatus) kidney cells after primary culture and the first subculture in different type of sera. The research conducted experimentally using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The different type of serum used in media, as independent variable, was provided consisting 10% FBS, 5% FBS:5% FS, and 10% FS with nine replication for each treatment while dependent variables were cell survival, cell growth rate, and cell morphological characters. The observed parameters were cell viability, cell confluency, cell density, cell population doubling level, and cell population doubling time, cell morphology, and cell proportion. Cell viability, cell density, and cell confluency were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey HSD test using SPSS while population doubling level, and population doubling time, cell morphology, and cell proportion were evaluated descriptively. Primary culture and subculture of hard-lipped barb kidney cells required 4 days to reach 100% confluence. All groups in this experiment resulted >80% cell viability indicating good condition of the cultured cells. The highest cell density, population doubling level, and population doubling time were observed in media supplemented with 10% FS in primary culture. The one-way ANOVA showed that all of the tested serum were significantly affecting on cell confluency (p<0.05) and Tukey HSD test showed that the culture media containing 10% FS was significantly higher than those in culture media containing 10% FBS and 5% FBS:5% FS (p<0.05). There were 12 types of cells observed in primary culture and subculture. Eight of them were comparable to the kidney cells derived from common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) namely promonocyte, young erythrocyte, erythrocyte, epithelial-like, macrophage, orthochromatic erythroblast, young basophilic progranulocyte and basophilic erythroblast. Four types of cells were unidentified and these cells were labeled as A cell, B cell, D cell, and F cell. The B cell was dominated either in primary culture or subculture.The fish-origin cell line as a research material is still limited. The establishment of cell line is important for several studies such as toxicology, carcinogenesis, cellular physiology and genetic regulation and expression. In culturing the cells, in vitro environment such as sera, play important role. The supplementation of culture media with the combination of fetal bovine serum (FBS) and fish serum (FS) were tested. The objective of this study were to evaluate the effects of different type of sera on the cell survival, the cells morphological characters, and to determine the most suitable media for culturing hard-lipped barb (Osteochilus vittatus) kidney cells after primary culture and the first subculture in different type of sera. The research conducted experimentally using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The different type of serum used in media, as independent variable, was provided consisting 10% FBS, 5% FBS:5% FS, and 10% FS with nine replication for each treatment while dependent variables were cell survival, cell growth rate, and cell morphological characters. The observed parameters were cell viability, cell confluency, cell density, cell population doubling level, and cell population doubling time, cell morphology, and cell proportion. Cell viability, cell density, and cell confluency were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey HSD test using SPSS while population doubling level, and population doubling time, cell morphology, and cell proportion were evaluated descriptively. Primary culture and subculture of hard-lipped barb kidney cells required 4 days to reach 100% confluence. All groups in this experiment resulted >80% cell viability indicating good condition of the cultured cells. The highest cell density, population doubling level, and population doubling time were observed in media supplemented with 10% FS in primary culture. The one-way ANOVA showed that all of the tested serum were significantly affecting on cell confluency (p<0.05) and Tukey HSD test showed that the culture media containing 10% FS was significantly higher than those in culture media containing 10% FBS and 5% FBS:5% FS (p<0.05). There were 12 types of cells observed in primary culture and subculture. Eight of them were comparable to the kidney cells derived from common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) namely promonocyte, young erythrocyte, erythrocyte, epithelial-like, macrophage, orthochromatic erythroblast, young basophilic progranulocyte and basophilic erythroblast. Four types of cells were unidentified and these cells were labeled as A cell, B cell, D cell, and F cell. The B cell was dominated either in primary culture or subculture.
2112424001B1J014096PERTUMBUHAN DAN AKTIVITAS PROTEASE IKAN LELE DUMBO (Clarias gariepinus) YANG DIBERI PAKAN
MAGGOT BLACK SOLDIER FLY (Hermetia illucens)
DENGAN LEVEL BERBEDA		Ikan lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) merupakan ikan omnivora. Faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ikan yaitu pakan ikan. Pakan yang dibutuhkan ikan omnivora untuk dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan yaitu harus mengandung protein lebih dari 35% dari berat tubuhnya. Sumber protein hewani alternatif yang dapat digunakan yaitu maggot dari lalat Hermetia illucens. Pemberian pakan maggot telah terbukti mampu meningkatkan laju pertumbuhan pada beberapa ikan, namun pada ikan lele dumbo belum diteliti bagaimana pengaruhnya terhadap aktivitas protease.
Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan aktivitas protease ikan lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) yang diberi pakan maggot Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) dengan level berbeda dan mengetahui level pemberian pakan maggot yang dapat menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan aktivitas protease optimal pada ikan lele dumbo. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan yaitu level pemberian pakan sebesar 3, 6, 9% dari berat biomassa ikan dan setiap perlakuan diulang 4 kali. Variabel penelitian ini adalah pertumbuhan dan aktivitas protease. Parameter yang diukur adalah pertambahan berat, laju pertumbuhan relatif, laju pertumbuhan spesifik, dan faktor kondisi. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). Jika hasil berbeda nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan level pemberian pakan yang berbeda berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertambahan berat, laju pertumbuhan relatif dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik ikan lele dumbo, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap faktor kondisi, aktivitas tripsin-like dan kimotripsin-like. Pemberian pakan sebanyak 9% dari berat biomassa tubuh ikan menghasilkan pertambahan berat, laju pertumbuhan relatif dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik terbaik.		African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is an omnivorous fish. Factors that influence fish growth are fish feed. The feed needed by omnivores to increase growth is that they must contain more than 35% protein from their body weight. An alternative source of animal protein that can be used is maggot from the Hermetia illucens fly. Maggot feeding has been shown to increase the growth rate in some fish, but in African catfish it has not been studied how it affects protease activity.
This research was conducted with the aim to determine the growth and protease activity of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed maggot Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) with different levels and to know the level of maggot feeding which can produce optimal growth and protease activity in African catfish . The study was conducted experimentally using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments, namely the feeding level of 3, 6, 9% of the weight of fish biomass and each treatment was repeated 4 times. The variables of this study are protease growth and activity. The parameters measured were weight gain, relative growth rate, specific growth rate, and condition factor. The data of the research results were analyzed by Analysis of Variance ANOVA. If the results are significantly different then proceed with the Tukey test. The results showed different feeding levels significantly affected weight gain, relative growth rates and specific growth rates of African catfish, but did not significantly influence the condition, trypsin-like and kimotripsin-like activities. Feeding as much as 9% of the weight of fish body biomass results in the highest weight gain, relative growth rate and specific growth rate.
2112525954C1B015066OPTIMALISASI PRODUKSI KAYU LAPIS UNTUK MENUNJANG STRATEGI DIFERENSIASI PRODUK PT. PUNDI INDOKAYU INDUSTRI
PT. Pundi Indokayu Industri merupakan perusahaan yang memproduksi kayu lapis ukuran 122 cm x 244 cm dengan keempat ukuran ketebalan. Ukuran yang diproduksi terdiri dari ukuran 9 mm, 12 mm, 15 mm, dan 18 mm. Perusahaan belum mendapatkan keuntungan secara optimal karena masih terdapat kekurangan dan kelebihan produksi. Untuk membantu menyelesaikan permasalahan produksi PT. Pundi Indokayu Industri, penelitian ini menggunakan metode pemrograman linier dengan aplikasi POM for Windows 3. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan analisis data menggunkana POM for Windows menunjukkan bahwa: Perusahaan dapat mencapai keuntungan yang optimal dengan memproduksi kayu lapis ukuran 9 mm sebanyak 14.521 unit, ukuran 12 mm sebanyak 402 unit, ukuran 15 mm sebanyak 25787 unit, dan ukuran 18 mm sebanyak 9.808 unit per bulannya. Terdapat peningkatan keuntungan setelah dilakukan optimasi dengan metode pemrograman linier sebesar Rp. 42.156.179,4 atau setara dengan 0,8 persen setiap bulannya.PT. Pundi Indokayu Industri is a company that produces plywood size 122 cm x 244 cm with all four thickness sizes. The sizes produced consist of sizes 9 mm, 12 mm, 15 mm and 18 mm. The company has not yet benefited optimally because there are still shortages and excess production. To help solve the production problems of PT. Pundi Indokayu Industri, this research used linear programming method with POM for Windows 3 application. Based on the results of research and analysis of data using POM for Windows shows that: Companies can achieve optimal profits by producing 9 mm plywood with 14,521 units, 12 mm size by 402 units , the size of 15 mm is 25787 units, and the size of 18 mm is 9,808 units per month. There is an increase in profits after optimization with the linear programming method of Rp. 42.156.179,4 or equivalent to 0.8 percent every month.
2112625811G1B015010PENGARUH GEL EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN NANGKA (Artocarpus heterophyllus) TERHADAP KADAR SUPEROKSIDA DISMUTASE PADA PENYEMBUHAN LUKA PASCAPENCABUTAN GIGI MODEL DIABETES MELITUS (Penelitian Eksperimental In Vivo pada Tikus Galur Wistar)Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit metabolisme yang ditandai dengan kondisi hiperglikemia dan dapat menyebabkan komplikasi seperti gangguan penyembuhan luka pascapencabutan gigi. Pada kondisi ini, proses penyembuhan luka akan terhambat karena meningkatnya Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) secara berlebihan sehingga akan menurunkan produksi superoksida dismutase (SOD) yang berfungsi dalam proses perbaikan jaringan. Daun nangka mengandung flavonoid, saponin serta tanin yang memiliki potensi antioksidan dan antidiabetes. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian gel ekstrak etanol daun nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus) terhadap kadar SOD pada penyembuhan luka pascapencabutan gigi tikus model diabetes melitus. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental dengan rancangan randomized posttest-only control group design. Penelitian ini menggunakan 35 tikus wistar jantan yang diberi perlakuan pencabutan gigi dan dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yaitu kelompok 1 (tikus model diabetes melitus yang diberikan Na-CMC 2%), kelompok 2 (kontrol sehat yang diberikan Na-CMC 2%), kelompok P1, P2, dan P3 (tikus model diabetes melitus yang diberikan perlakuan gel ekstrak etanol daun nangka masing-masing dengan konsentrasi 5%, 10%, dan 15%). Sampel jaringan gingiva diambil pada hari ke-6 dan dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar SOD menggunakan spektrofotometer. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa kelompok perlakuan (P1, P2 dan P3) memiliki kadar SOD yang lebih tinggi dibanding kelompok tanpa perlakuan. Analisis statistik menggunakan One-Way ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang sangat signifikan antara kelompok perlakuan dengan kelompok tanpa perlakuan (p≤0,01) sedangkan uji LSD memperlihatkan perbedaan yang signifikan antar kelompok. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terbukti bahwa terdapat pengaruh pemberian gel ekstrak etanol daun nangka terhadap penyembuhan luka pascapencabutan gigi tikus model diabetes melitus dan gel ekstrak etanol daun nangka konsentrasi 15% menunjukkan angka SOD yang paling mendekati kondisi normal.Diabetes melitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia causing complications such as impaired wound healing after tooth extraction. In this condition, wound healing process will be delayed because of the excessive amount of ROS production. It leads to the degradation of SOD, an enzyme needed in wound healing process to improve tissue repair. Jackfruit leaves contain flavonoid, saponin, and tanin which are potential for antioxidant and antidiabetic agents. This research aimed to study the effect of ethanolic extract gel of jackfruit leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus) on SOD level in wound healing after tooth extraction in diabetic models. The study was experimental laboratory research with randomized posttest-only control group design.
Thirty-five male wistar rats were used and divided into 5 groups: K1 (diabetic group which given Na-CMC 2% after tooth extraction), K2 (healthy control group which given Na-CMC 2% after tooth extraction), P1, P2, and P3 (treated diabetic group of 5%, 10% dan 15% ethanolic extract gel of jackfruit leaves after tooth extraction). Gingiva tissue samples were taken in the sixth day and the SOD levels were measured using spectrophotometer. The treated groups (P1, P2, P3) showed higher SOD levels than the negative control group without treatment. The data was statistically analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and LSD test. There is a significant difference between the treated group ethanolic extract gel of jackfruit leaves and the untreated negative control group (p<0,01) and there is a significant difference between each group. Conclusion of this research is that the administration of ethanolic extract gel of jackfruit leaves can affect the wound healing process after tooth extraction on diabetic rat models and the ethanolic extract gel of jackfruit leaves 15% is the most effective to reach normal SOD level.
2112724012F1A014025PERSEPSI PARA PEKERJA SEKS KOMERSIAL (PSK) TENTANG PROSTITUSI DI KALANGAN PSK “SUNAN KUNING” (SK) KALIBANTENG KOTA SEMARANG Abstrak - Prostitusi merupakan salah satu bentuk penyakit masyarakat yang harus dihentikan penyebarannya. Prostitusi yang berada di Kota semarang tepatnya di lokalisasi Sunan Kuning merupakan salah satu prostitusi yang mempunyai wadah untuk Pekerja Seks Komersial. Arti mempunyai wadah ialah di Sunan kuning sendiri mempunyai pelatihan agar Pekerja Seks Komersial bisa melepaskan diri dari prostitusi dan bisa menjadi wanita normal pada umumnya dan bisa di terima di masyarakat
Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma non-positivisme dengan metode penelitian kualitatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah studi kasus.Informan yang dipilih berjumlah tujuh orang dengan menggunakan tehnik purposive sampling. Dalam penelitian ini, data yang di peroleh melalui hasil wawancara,observasi dan dokumentasi. Sementara itu, teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis data interaktif. Validasi data menggunakan tehnik triangulasi sumber.
Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa para Pekerja Seks Komersial di Sunan Kuning sebenarnya ingin melepaskan diri dari prostitusi dengan cara mengikuti pelatihan-pelatihan seperti mengikuti tata boga dan tata rias yang di berikan di Sunan Kuning Kota Semarang tersebut. Agar mereka hidup normal kembali dan bisa di terima di masyarakat.
Rekomendasi hasil penelitian ini adalah perlunya kerjasama aktif dan saling bersinergi antara dinas sosial, resosialisi dan pihak LSM (Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat) dalam membina dan mengawasi. Harapannya bahwa kebijakan dalam membina pelatihan yang di berikan kepada Pekerja Seks Komersial dapat direalisasikan sesuai dengan kemaslahatan bersama dan berkelanjutan. 		Abstract - Prostitution is one of social problems in which its spread must immediately be terminated. Prostitution in Semarang precisely in Sunan Kuning localization is one of the prostitutions which has place for the prostitutes. Having place means that Sunan Kuning localization has training for the prostitutes to make them free from prostitution so that they can live normally as a woman and be accepted by society.
This research uses non-positivism paradigm with qualitative research method. The approach used is case study. Seven informants were selected by using purposive sampling technique. In this research, the data were obtained through interview, observation and documentation. Meanwhile, the technique of data analysis used in this research is interactive analysis. The validation of data uses source triangulation technique.
The result of this research shows that the prostitutes in Sunan Kuning localization actually want to free themselves from prostitution by joining any training such as gastronomy and cosmetology provided by Sunan Kuning localization. This is to make them live normally again and accepted by society.
The recommendation from this research is that it is required for social and resocialization services, and non-governmental organization to actively cooperate with and synergize each other in fostering and monitoring the training. It is expected that the policy in fostering the training given to the prostitutes can be realized in accordance with public prosperity and sustainability.
2112824004B1K014002CHARACTERISTIC OF IN VITRO Osteochilus vittatus (Val., 1842) HEPATOPANCREATIC CELLS ISOLATED USING 20% AND 40% PERCOLL GRADIENT CENTRIFUGATIONFish hepatopancreas consists of various types of cells, for instance, hepatocyte and pancreatic cell. Isolation of a certain type of cells is needed in order to obtain the homogenous cells to be grown in vitro. The homogenous cell is important for several studies such as toxicity and xenobiotic studies. One of the common techniques for cell isolation is percoll gradient centrifugation. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to determine the gradient concentration suitable for bony lip barb (Osteochilus vittatus) hepatopancreas-origin cell isolation and to evaluate the characteristics and survival rate of hepatopancreas-origin cells after primary culture and the first subculture. The observed parameters include cell viability, density, confluency, proportion, and morphology. The hepatopancreas-origin cells were separated using percoll gradient centrifugation and each cell suspension was subjected to the experiment using CRD. The serum concentration consisted of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% were tested with four replicates provided for each treatment. The viability, density, confluency, and proportion of the cells were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and post hoc test using Tukey’s HSD, while the cell type was morphologically described. The population doubling time (PDT) and population doubling level (PDL) were also calculated. The result showed that the 20% and 40% percoll concentration were not effective to isolate a particular type of hepatopancreatic cell such as hepatocytes. The cells isolated from 20% or 40% percoll gradient centrifugation also share the common characteristics. There were 4 types of cells identified in primary culture i.e. A cell (ovoid shape with high nucleus-cytoplasm ratio), C cell (round shape with a round nucleus), D cell (the cell and nucleus were round to ovoid shape), and F cell (irregular shape with bluish cytoplasm), but only C cell, D cell, and F cell were survived in the subculture. The cell confluency and density of primary culture and subculture were observed at the value of ≥82.50% and ≥0.45 x 108 cell.ml-1 respectively. The value of PDL was ≥6.08 times and PDT was ≤23.47 hours observed in the primary culture and subculture. The cell survival in the culture supplemented with different concentration of FBS reach ≥99.41% either in primary culture or subculture. Fish hepatopancreas consists of various types of cells, for instance, hepatocyte and pancreatic cell. Isolation of a certain type of cells is needed in order to obtain the homogenous cells to be grown in vitro. The homogenous cell is important for several studies such as toxicity and xenobiotic studies. One of the common techniques for cell isolation is percoll gradient centrifugation. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to determine the gradient concentration suitable for bony lip barb (Osteochilus vittatus) hepatopancreas-origin cell isolation and to evaluate the characteristics and survival rate of hepatopancreas-origin cells after primary culture and the first subculture. The observed parameters include cell viability, density, confluency, proportion, and morphology. The hepatopancreas-origin cells were separated using percoll gradient centrifugation and each cell suspension was subjected to the experiment using CRD. The serum concentration consisted of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% were tested with four replicates provided for each treatment. The viability, density, confluency, and proportion of the cells were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and post hoc test using Tukey’s HSD, while the cell type was morphologically described. The population doubling time (PDT) and population doubling level (PDL) were also calculated. The result showed that the 20% and 40% percoll concentration were not effective to isolate a particular type of hepatopancreatic cell such as hepatocytes. The cells isolated from 20% or 40% percoll gradient centrifugation also share the common characteristics. There were 4 types of cells identified in primary culture i.e. A cell (ovoid shape with high nucleus-cytoplasm ratio), C cell (round shape with a round nucleus), D cell (the cell and nucleus were round to ovoid shape), and F cell (irregular shape with bluish cytoplasm), but only C cell, D cell, and F cell were survived in the subculture. The cell confluency and density of primary culture and subculture were observed at the value of ≥82.50% and ≥0.45 x 108 cell.ml-1 respectively. The value of PDL was ≥6.08 times and PDT was ≤23.47 hours observed in the primary culture and subculture. The cell survival in the culture supplemented with different concentration of FBS reach ≥99.41% either in primary culture or subculture.
2112924005F1F014025The Analysis of Face-Threatening-Act to The Positive Face-Wants in Cathy Newman Interview with Jordan B PetersonABSTRAK

Penelitian ini berjudul The Analysis of Face-Threatening-Act to The Positive Face-Wants in Cathy Newman Interview with Jordan B Peterson. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pencarian tipe-tipe FTA apa saja yang digunakan untuk mengancam keinginan wajah positif, serta jumlah dari penggunaan tipe- tipe FTA pada keinginan wajah positif tersebut dan untuk mencari tahu alasan dibalik penggunaan FTA oleh Cathy Newman terhadap Jordan B Peterson. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Politeness theory oleh Brown and Levinson (1987). Penilitan ini bertujuan untuk 1) mengetahui tipe-tipe FTA pada wajah positif yang digunakan serta jumlah penggunaannya 2) alasan dibalik penggunaan FTA pada wajah positif yang dilakukan oleh Newman terhadap lawan bicaranya. Sumber data dari penilitian ini berasal dari akun Channel 4 News di platform YouTube. Untuk menjawab rumusan masalah diatas, peneliti mengambil metode kualitatif sebagai desain penelitian dan menggunakan purposive sampling untuk menganalisis 81 data. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, terdapat 81 kemunculan FTA pada video tersebut. Kemunculan tersebut terdiri dari 11 dialog yang mengandung Expression of Disapproval (ED) (13.6%), 47 Contradiction or Disagreement (CDC) (58.0%), 4 Bringing Bad News (BN) (4.9%), 4 Divisive Topic (DT) (4.9%), 11 Blatant Non-Cooperation (BNC) (13,6%) and 4 Status-Mark (SM) (4.9%). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa FTA dengan tipe contradiction or disagreement merupakan tipe yang paling sering muncul dan seringkali digunakan dalam bentuk tantangan yang berlawanan dengan gagasan atau argumen Peterson. Disisi lain, alasan yang paling dominan adalah unilateral conclusion dengan 29 kali kemunculan (35.8%). Sedangkan hasil dari 4 alasan lainnya adalah 9 pursuing answer (11.1%), 14 defensive argument (17.3%), inconsistent topic (2.5%) dan 27 different in political view (33.3%). Penggunaan unilateral conclusion menunjukan bahwa Newman seringkali menginterpretasikan penjelasan Peterson dan mengubahnya kedalam bentuk pertanyaan yang menyerang keinginan wajah positif Peterson.		ABSTRACT

This research is entitled “The Analysis of Face-Threatening-Act to The Positive Face-Wants in Cathy Newman Interview with Jordan B Peterson”. It focuses on finding the type of Face Threatening Act that damages Hearer’s positive face-wants along with how many times it is used and also to find the reason behind the used of those FTAs. The theory used in conducting this research is Politeness theory by Brown and Levinson (1987). This research is aimed to find 1) type of FTA to the positive face wants that is used by Newman along with how many times it is used in the video; 2) the reason behind the used of FTA to her conversation partner. The data source is taken from Channel 4 News’ channel on YouTube platform. In order to answer the research questions, researcher taking qualitative method as the research design and uses purposive sampling in order to analyze 81 data population. Based on the result of the analysis, there are 81 appearances of FTA in the video. They are 11 dialogue consist of Expression of Disapproval (ED) (13.6%), 47 Contradiction or Disagreement (CDC) (58.0%), 4 Bringing Bad News (BN) (4.9%), 4 Divisive Topic (DT) (4.9%), 11 Blatant Non-Cooperation (BNC) (13,6%) and 4 Status-Mark (SM) (4.9%). Based on the result, it shows that Contradiction or Disagreement appears to be the most used FTA. Contradiction or Disagreement mostly shows in a form of question that challenge Peterson’s idea or belief. Meanwhile, the most dominant reason is unilateral conclusion with 29 appearances (35.8%). Moreover, the result for 4 other reasons are 9 times of pursuing answer (11.1%), 14 defensive argument (17.3%), inconsistent topic (2.5%) and 27 different in political view (33.3%).
2113024006G1B014108FAKTOR-FAKTOR HIGIENE SANITASI YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEBERADAAN Salmonella sp. PADA DAGING AYAM DI PASAR TRADISIONAL PURWOKERTO TAHUN 2018Abstrak
FAKTOR-FAKTOR HIGIENE SANITASI YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEBERADAAN Salmonella sp PADA DAGING AYAM DI PASAR TRADISIONAL PURWOKERTO TAHUN 2018
Dhiny Afrilia Talantan.1, Kuswanto2, Agnes Fitria W3


Latar Belakang: Daging Ayam merupakan makanan yang paling sering dikonsumsi oleh Masyarakat karena memiliki kandungan gizi lengkap yaitu protein, karbohidrat, vitamin, mineral dan kandungan gizi lainnya. Selain sebagai sumber gizi yang lengkap daging ayam juga bisa menjadi sumber penyakit karena mengandung bakteri salah satunya Salmonella sp yang menyebabkan Salmonellosis. Faktor-faktor yang dapat menyebabkan Salmonella sp pada daging ayam yaitu salah satunya higiene sanitasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor higiene sanitasi apa sajakah yang berhubungan dengan keberadaan Salmonella sp pada daging ayam di Pasar Tradisional Purwokerto Tahun 2018.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik, sampel penelitian sebanyak 38 pedagang daging ayam di Pasar Tradisional Purwokerto, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara dan uji laboratorium.

Hasil Penelitian: Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara praktik higiene pedagang dengan keberadaan Salmonella sp pada daging ayam (p=0.488), tidak ada hubungan antara sanitasi peralatan dengan keberadaan Salmonella sp pada daging ayam (p=0.094), terdapat hubungan antara sanitasi tempat penjualan dengan keberadaan Salmonella sp pada daging ayam (p=0.040).

Simpulan: Ada hubungan antara sanitasi tempat penjualan dengan keberadaan Salmonella sp pada daging ayam di Pasar Tradisional Purwokerto.

Kata Kunci: Daging Ayam, Salmonella sp, Higiene, Sanitasi
Abstract

SANITATION HYGIENE FACTORS RELATED TO THE PRESENCE OF Salmonella sp IN CHICKEN MEAT IN PURWOKETO’S TRADITIONAL MARKETS IN 2018
Dhiny Afrilia Talantan.1, Kuswanto2, Agnes Fitria W3


Background: Chicken meat is the most consumed meat by the society because it has a complete nutritional content such as protein, carbohydrate, vitamin, mineral and other nutrients. Aside from being a complete source of nutrition, chicken meat can also be a source disease because it contains bacteria, one of them is Salmonella sp which causes Salmonellosis. One of the factor that can cause Salmonella sp in chicken meat is the sanitation hygiene. This research aims to determine the sanitation hygiene factors that are related to the presence of Salmonella sp in chicken meat in Purwokerto’s traditional markets in 2018.

Method: This research was an observational analytic research with a research sample of 38 chicken meat traders at Purwokerto’s traditional markets, data collection is done by observation, interview and laboratory tests.

Results: The research results obtained that there is no correlation between the traders’s hygiene practices and the presence of Salmonella sp in chicken meat (p = 0.488), there is no correlation between the equipment sanitation and the presence of Salmonella sp in chicken meat (p = 0.094), there is a correlation between the sanitation of the selling places and the presence of Salmonella sp in chicken meat (p = 0.040).

Conclusion: There is a correlation between the sanitation of the selling places and the presence of Salmonella sp in chicken meat in the traditional market of Purwokerto.

Keywords: Chicken meat, Salmonella sp, Hygiene, Sanitation
2113124007B1K014009THE RESISTANCE OF RHIZOBACTERIA ISOLATED FROM RHIZOSPHERE OF Ipomoea sp. GROWING IN IRON SAND SOILS TOWARDS CHROMIUMBeberapa spesies rhizobakteri telah teridentifikasi memiliki kemampuan toleransi dan reduksi Cr (VI), logam berat yang sangat beracun yang menyebabkan kerusakan pada lingkungan. Limbah industri adalah sumber utama akumulasi dan kontaminasi Cr(VI). Rhizobakteri dengan resistensi terhadap Cr (VI) memberikan solusi untuk masalah ini karena memiliki kemampuan reduksi Cr(VI) bahkan pada konsentrasi yang tinggi. Secara umum bakteri tersebut dapat diisolasi dari daerah yang terkontaminasi logam berat. Penelitian ini adalah upaya untuk memperoleh rhizobakteri yang resisten terhadap Cr (VI) dari rhizosfer Ipomoea sp. yang tumbuh di tanah pasir besi di pantai Sodong, Cilacap, di mana berbagai keterbatasan lingkungan terjadi seperti suhu tinggi, kelembaban rendah, bahan organik rendah, dan kandungan logam berat. Kemampuan resistensi diuji pada konsentrasi Cr (VI) 400 mg/L, 600 mg/L, dan 800 mg/L dievaluasi dan dianalisis berdasarkan ANOVA dengan rancangan acak lengkap. Enam isolat yang diperoleh menunjukkan resistensi terhadap Cr (VI) hingga 800 mg/L meskipun pertumbuhannya menurun secara signifikan. Isolat A41 menunjukkan pertumbuhan rata-rata tertinggi sebesar 77,41±4,99% pada penambahan Cr (VI) yang menunjukkan resistensi tertinggi terhadap Cr (VI). Isolat D31 menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang sama dalam Cr (VI) konsentrasi 0 mg/L dan 400 mg/L dengan 79,48±12,07%. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa empat isolat (A31, A42, D41, D42) diidentifikasi sebagai anggota spesies dari genus Bacillus, isolat A41 sebagai anggota spesies dari genus Streptococcus, dan isolat D31 sebagai anggota spesies dari genus EnterobacterSeveral species of rhizobacteria were identified for the ability to tolerate and reduce Cr(VI), a highly toxic heavy metal which cause severe damage to the environment. Industrial waste discharge is the major source of its accumulation and contamination. Rhizobacteria with resistance towards Cr(VI) offers solutions for this problem since a lot of them were studied for the reduction potency even in very high concentration of Cr(VI). Most of them were isolated from heavy metal contaminated area. The present research was an attempt to obtain Cr(VI) resistant rhizobactera from rhizosphere of Ipomoea sp. growing in iron sand soil in Sodong beach, Cilacap, where various environment limitation occurs such as high temperature, low humidity, low organic matters, and heavy metals content. The ability of resistance in Cr(VI) 400, 600, and 800 mg/L was evaluated and analysed based on ANOVA with completely randomized design. Six isolates obtained showed ability to be resistant towards Cr(VI) up to 800 mg/L even though their growth were significantly decreased. Isolate A41 showed the highest average growth of 77.41±4.99 % in the addition of Cr(VI) indicating highest resistance towards Cr(VI). Isolate D31 exhibited similar growth in Cr(VI) concentration of 0 mg/L and 400 mg/L with 79.48±12.07 %. Results of characterization indicated that four isolates (A31, A42, D41, D42) identified as species members of the genus Bacillus, isolate A41 as a species member of Streptococcus, and isolate D31 as a species member of the genus Enterobacter
2113224008C2D016006ANALISIS PENGARUH CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DAN FRAUD TERHADAP PEMILIHAN AUDITORTujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui: 1). Pengaruh corporate governance terhadap pilihan auditor, 2). Pengaruh fraud terhadap pilihan auditor. Populasi penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia untuk periode 2013 hingga 2017. Penentuan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling. Alat uji yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Eviews versi 10. Hasil uji regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa variabel independen (corporate governance dan fraud) dan variabel kontrol (ukuran perusahaan dan profitabilitas) secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap variabel dependen (pilihan auditor) sebesar 29,31%. Sementara itu, sisanya 70,69% menunjukkan bahwa variabel pilihan auditor dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak termasuk dalam penelitian ini. Secara parsial, variabel corporate governance berpengaruh negatif terhadap pemilihan auditor dimana corporate governance dalam penelitian ini memiliki koefisien -2,742212 dan nilai probabilitas 0,0000. Variabel Fraud memiliki efek negatif pada pemilihan auditor di mana penipuan memiliki koefisien -0,485367 dan nilai probabilitas 0,0066.The research purpose is to know: 1). Influence of corporate governance to auditor choice, 2). Influence of fraud to auditor choice. The population of this research is a manufacturing company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2013 to 2017. Determination of the sample in this study is using purposive sampling. The test equipment used in this study is using Eviews version 10. Logistic regression test results show that the independent variables (corporate and fraud) and control variables (firm size and profitability) simultaneously affect the dependent variable (auditor choice) by 29.31%. Meanwhile, the remaining 70.69% shows that the auditor choice variable is influenced by other variables not included in this research. Partially, corporate governance variables have a negative effect on the selection of auditors where corporate governance in this study has a coefficient of -2.742212 and a probability value of 0.0000. Fraud variables have a negative effect on the selection of auditors where fraud has a coefficient of -0.485367 and a probability value of 0.0066.
2113324009C1A014051STUDI KOMPARASI DAN ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR
YANG MEMPENGARUHI KONSUMSI RUMAH TANGGA
PERKOTAAN DAN PERDESAAN
(Studi Kasus Kecamatan Purwokerto Utara dan Kecamatan Sumbang)		Penelitian ini berjudul: “Studi Komparasi dan Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Konsumsi Rumah Tangga Perkotaan dan Perdesaan (Studi Kasus Kecamatan Purwokerto Utara dan Kecamatan Sumbang)”. Wilayah perkotaan yang dimaksud adalah Kecamatan Purwokerto Utara, sedangkan wilayah perdesaan adalah Kecamatan Sumbang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perbandingan konsumsi antara rumah tangga perkotaan dan perdesaan dan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi konsumsi rumah tangga perkotaan dan perdesaan.
Uji beda dua rata-rata digunakan untuk membandingkan konsumsi rumah tangga perkotaan dan perdesaan. Analisis regresi linear berganda digunakan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi konsumsi rumah tangga perkotaan dan perdesaan. Jumlah sampel pada masing-masing wilayah berjumlah 100 rumah tangga.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi rumah tangga perkotaan lebih besar daripada konsumsi rumah tangga perdesaan. Variabel pendapatan dan jumlah anggota keluarga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap konsumsi rumah tangga perkotaan maupun perdesaan. Sedangkan variabel pendidikan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap konsumsi rumah tangga perkotaan maupun perdesaan.
Implikasi dari kesimpulan di atas yaitu melakukan pembangunan sarana dan prasarana yang lebih merata supaya di setiap wilayah mendapatkan kesempatan yang sama untuk memperoleh barang dan jasa. Untuk meningkatkan pendapatan rumah tangga di wilayah perkotaan upaya yang dapat dilakukan yaitu meningkatan minat wirausaha dengan melakukan pembinaan agar usaha yang dilakukan dapat berkembang dan menguntungkan. Dalam upaya meningkatkan pendapatan rumah tangga di wilayah perdesaan, perlu mengadakan pelatihan yang berorientasi pada peningkatan kemampuan masyarakat sehingga dapat bekerja dan berusaha lebih produktif. Terkait dengan jumlah anggota keluarga baik di wilayah perkotaan maupun perdesaan, pemerintah bersama Badan Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana Nasional (BKKBN) perlu mengintensifkan program keluarga berencana dengan cara melakukan penyuluhan maupun pendampingan agar masyarakat lebih memahami tentang perencanaan dalam berkeluarga sehingga memperoleh kehidupan yang layak.		This research is entitled “Comparative Study and Analysis of Factors That Affecting Household Consumption in Urban and Rural Areas (Case Study in North Purwokerto and Sumbang Sub-District)”. Household consumption is important in creating economic growth. In addition, there are differences in the value household consumption between urban and rural area. The urban area is North Purwokerto Sub-District and the rural area is Sumbang Sub-District. The puspose of this research is to analyze the compare household consumption between urban and rural and also to analyze factors that affecting household consumption in urban and rural areas.
Two sample t-test have used to compare household consumptoon of urban and rural areas. Multiple linear regression have used to analyze factors that affect household consumption of urban and rural areas. The number of samples in each region amounted to 100 households.
The result showed that household consumption in urban area is bigger than household consumption in rural area. Income and number of family member have a positive and significant effect on the household consumption of urban and rural areas. Education have not significant effect on the household consumption of urban and rural areas.
The implications of this research is the government must carry out to equity development facilities and infrastructure so that in each region have the same opportunity for the goods and services. To increase income of household in urban areas efforts that can be made is creating interest in entrepreneurship by founding and training to develop the business and profitable. Effort for increase income of household in rural areas is need to hold training that oriented towards increasing skill and capacity of community in rural areas and they can try work to be more productive. Related with total of family members in both areas, urban and rural areas, the government and Badan Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana Nasional (BKKBN) need to intensify family planning programs by conducting counseling or accompaniment so that community can be understand more about planning in have a family to get a decent life.
2113423979G1I014044PENGARUH METODE SMALL SIDED GAMES TERHADAP KETEPATAN PASSING MENDATAR SISWA EKSTRAKURIKULER SEPAKBOLA SMP NEGERI 1 BATURRADENPENGARUH METODE SMALL SIDED GAMES TERHADAP KETEPATAN PASSING MENDATAR SISWA EKSTRAKURIKULER SEPAKBOLA SMP NEGERI 1 BATURRADEN

Ambar Jati Kusuma1), Panuwun Joko Nurcahyo2), Fuad Noor Heza3)
1)2)3) Prodi Pendidikan Jasmani Kesehatan dan Rekreasi
Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Telp: 082221826072 Email: ambarjatikusuma19@gmail.com

Abstrak
Latar Belakang: Melakukan passing dengan baik serta tepat pada sasaran bagi siswa sekolah bukan merupakan hal yang mudah. Bagi siswa pemula sering sekali dalam melakukan passing tidak tepat pada sasaran yang diinginkan, terlebih lagi pada permasalahan siswa ekstrakurikuler di SMP N 1 Baturraden,. Agar para siswa pemula dapat menguasai teknik passing yang baik dan benar yang dibutuhkan sebagai cara belajar yang baik dan tepat. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode SSG (Small Sided Games) terhadap ketepatan passing mendatar siswa ekstrakurikuler SMP N 1 Baturraden

Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan One group pretest posttest design. Disain ini adalah menggunakan satu grup yang diawal akan dilakukan preetest dan diakrih dilakukan post test secara bersama Instrumen dan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan tes ketepatan passing mendatar dengan siswa melakukannya sebanyak 10 kali kesempatan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa ekstrakurikuler SMP N 1 Baturraden sejumlah 24 anak. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji t pada taraf signifikan 5 %.

Hasil Penelitian: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ketepatan passing mendatar ekstrakurikuler sepakbola di SMP N 1 Baturraden diperoleh nilai t hitung (12,625) > t tabel (2,069), dan nilai p (0,000) < dari 0,05. Dengan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan ada pengaruh metode small sided games terhadap ketepatan passing mendatar ekstrakurikuler Sepakbola di SMP N 1 Baturraden

Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh antara metode small sided games terhadap ketepatan passing mendatar

Kata kunci: Small Sided Games, Ketepatan, Passing


THE IMPACT OF SMALL SIDED GAMES METHOD AGAINTS FLAT PASSING ACCURACY OF FOOTBALL EXTRACURRICULLAR IN SMP N 1 BATURRADEN

Ambar Jati Kusuma1), Panuwun Joko Nurcahyo2), Fuad Noor Heza3)
1)2)3) Prodi Pendidikan Jasmani Kesehatan dan Rekreasi
Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Telp: 082221826072 Email: ambarjatikusuma19@gmail.com

Abstract

Background: Passing well and right on target for students are not easy. For beginner students, they often do not pass the desired target, especially some problems that happen for extracurricular students in SMP N 1 Baturaden, the beginners can master the right passing techniques that needed as a good lesson and appropriate study. The purpose of the study is to know the impact of the SSG method (Small Sided Games) towards flat passing accuracy for extracurricular students of SMP N 1 Baturaden.
Methodology: The research uses One group protest posttest design. the design uses a group which at the beginningconducts pre test and post test tigether as the instrument and the technique of data collection that use to know the accuracy of passing. Students have the chane 10 to the passing The subject of the research is 24 students of extracurricular students of SMP N 1 Baturaden. In this research, the data technique of analysis uses t test at 5% significant level.
The result of research: Based on the result of passing accuracy of football extracurricular in SMP N 1 Baturaden, the researcher concludes that point t count (12,625) > t table (2,069), and point p (0,000) < from 0,05. The research can be concluded that there are some effects of the small sided games for flat passing accuracy in football extracurricular of SMP N 1 Baturaden.
Conclusion: There is influence between the Small sided Games method on the accuracy of horizontal passing

Key Words: Small Sided Games, Accuracy, Passing
2113524010C2D016008PENGARUH MEKANISME CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DAN PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP TAX AVOIDANCEDi Indonesia, untuk mengoptimalkan penerimaan pajak memiliki beberapa kendala. Salah satu kendala adalah adanya penghindaran pajak oleh pembayar pajak. Penghindaran pajak adalah upaya wajib pajak untuk meminimalkan pajak mereka dalam ketentuan hukum. Pemerintah berharap setiap tahun bahwa pembayar pajak taat dalam melaksanakan pembayaran pajak. Namun, tidak semua pembayar pajak memiliki keinginan untuk membayar pajak, terutama wajib pajak yang memiliki nilai pajak lebih besar. Ini bukankepatuhan menyebabkan pengurangan pendapatan negara dari sektor pajak yang akan menyebabkan pendapatan keuangan negara menurun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh mekanisme corporate governance dan profitabilitas pada penghindaran pajak. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dan data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder. Itu
Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) selama periode 2014 hingga 2017. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 80 perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) dengan periode pengamatan dalam 4 tahun . Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepemilikan institusional dan komite audit tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap penghindaran pajak, sedangkan untuk komisaris independen memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap penghindaran pajak dan pengembalian aset (ROA). ) memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap penghindaran pajak.		In Indonesia, to optimize tax revenue has several obstacles. One of the obstacles is the existence of tax avoidance by taxpayers. Tax avoidance is an effort of taxpayers to minimize their taxes in the legal terms. The government hopes every year that taxpayers obey in carrying out tax payments. However, not all taxpayers have the desire to pay taxes, especially taxpayers who have a greater tax value. This non
compliance causes a reduction in state revenues from the tax sector which will cause the state's financial revenues to decrease. This study was aimed to determine the effect of corporate governance mechanisms and profitability on tax avoidance. The method used in this study is a quantitative method and the data used is secondary data. The
population used in this study were manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period of 2014 to 2017. The samples used in this study were 80 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) with observation periods in 4 years. The sampling technique using purposive sampling method. The analytical method used is descriptive statistical analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.The results of this study indicate that institutional ownership and audit committees have no influence on tax avoidance, while for independent commissioners having a negative influence on tax avoidance and return on assets (ROA) has a positive influence on tax avoidance.
2113623547A1M014037PENGARUH JENIS BAHAN PENGAWET DAN PROPORSI LARU (BAHAN PENGAWET : KAPUR) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK NIRA KELAPA Ketersediaan bahan laru alami cangkang kulit manggis dan tatal kayu nangka sudah sangat terbatas, sehingga perlu adanya bahan laru alami alternatif dari tanaman yang potensi dan mudah diperoleh di wilayah sekitar perajin gula sebagai pengganti bahan laru alami. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari jenis bahan pengawet alami (daun kopi, daun bandotan, pelepah pisang, dan sabut kelapa) dan proporsi laru (bahan pengawet alami : kapur) terhadap karakteristik nira kelapa, serta kombinasinya terhadap krakteristik nira kelapa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan rancangan percobaan jenis Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial. Faktor yang diteliti adalah jenis bahan pengawet alami yakni daun kopi, daun bandotan, pelepah pisang, dan sabut kelapa; proporsi bahan pengawet : kapur (b/b) yakni 0,25 : 9,75, 0,5 : 9,5, dan 0,75 : 9,25, sehingga diperoleh 12 kombinasi perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan dan 2 unit kontrol yakni kapur sirih murni dan dengan cangkang kulit manggis. Total percobaan secara keseluruhan terdapat 42 unit percobaan, dan setiap ulangan dilakukan pengamatan pada penyimpanan jam ke-4. Variabel yang diamati pada variabel kimia adalah derajat keasaman (pH) dan kadar sukrosa (% brix), sedangkan pada variabel organoleptik meliputi kejernihan, aroma khas nira bau asam dan rasa manis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis bahan pengawet alami perlakuan terbaik adalah daun bandotan dengan nilai pH 8,92 dan kadar brix 14,07%. Proporsi laru (bahan pengawet alami : kapur) yang menghasilkan karakteristik nira terbaik adalah 0,75 : 9,25. Kombinasi perlakuan terbaik berdasarkan sifat sensorinya adalah nira kelapa dengan menggunakan jenis bahan pengawet alami pelepah pisang dengan proporsi (0,25 : 9,75) (b/b).The availability of natural ingredients of mangosteen shells and jackfruit wood chips is very limited, so it needs to have a natural material of plants potential alternative and easily available in the around area producers sugar as a substitute for natural materials laru. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the types of natural preservatives (coffee leaves, bandotan leaves, banana midrib, and coconut fiber) and the proportion of laru (natural preservatives: calcium) to the characteristics of coconut sap, and its combination of the characteristics of coconut sap. This research was an experimental research using a factorial randomized block design (RBD) type. The observed factors were types of natural preservative namely coffee leaves, bandotan leaves, banana midrib, and coconut fiber; proportion of preservatives: calcium (w/w) which is 0,25 : 9,75, 0,5 : 9,5, and 0,75 : 9,25, so that 12 combinations of treatment with 3 replications and 2 control units namely calcium are obtained pure and with mangosteenshells. In total, there were 42 experimental units, and each replication was observed at the 4th hour storage. The variables observed in the chemical variables are acidity (pH) and sucrose levels (% brix), whereas in organoleptic variables include clarity, the distinctive aroma of coconut sap, sour smelland sweetness. The results showed that the best type of natural preservative is bandotan leaves with a value of pH 8,92 and brix content of 14,07%. The proportion of laru (natural preservative: calcium) which produces the best characteristic of coconut sap is 0,75 : 9,25. The best combination of treatments based on their sensory properties is coconut sap using the banana midrib natural preservatives with proportion (0,25 : 9,75) (w/w).
2113724003B1J014063KARAKTERISTIK IN VITRO SEL HEPATOPANKREAS IKAN NILEM (Osteochilus vittatus Val, 1842) YANG DIISOLASI DENGAN PERCOLL GRADIEN SENTRIFUGASI KONSENTRASI 60% DAN 80%Kultur sel hepatopankreas Osteochilus vittatus (ikan nilem) telah dilakukan pada suspensi sel heterogen. Dalam penelitian ini suspensi sel hepatopankreas ikan nilem yang homogen diisolasi menggunakan 2 konsentrasi percoll gradien sentrifugasi (60% dan 80%) untuk kultur primer. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi karakter sel yang terdapat pada percoll 60% dan 80%, serta mengidentifikasi karakter morfologi sel setelah kultur primer dan subkultur pertama.
Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan percobaan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Konsentrasi percoll 60% dan 80% dan konsentrasi FBS yang berbeda berfungsi sebagai perlakuan. Masing-masing kombinasi perlakuan diulang sebanyak empat kali. Variabel bebas penelitian berupa konsentrasi percoll dan konsentrasi serum, variabel terikat berupa pertumbuhan sel hepatopankreas. Data kuantitatif berupa viabilitas sel, densitas sel, konfluensi sel diuji normalitas dan homogenitasnya. Data yang terdistribusi normal dan homogen diuji dengan menggunakan oneway ANOVA dan uji Post Hoc menggunakan Tukey’s HSD. Data morfologi sel dianalisis secara deskriptif.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sel-sel hasil isolasi dengan percoll gradien sentrifugasi konsentrasi 60% dan 80% menunjukkan karakteristik yang sama. Laju kelangsungan hidup sel hepatopankreas pada kultur primer dengan konsentrasi FBS yang berbeda adalah >99,25%, dan laju kelangsungan hidup sel hepatopankreas pada subkultur dengan konsentrasi FBS yang berbeda adalah 100%. Terdapat 2 tipe sel yang ditemukan pada hasil kultur yaitu sel yang bebentuk bulat hingga bulat telur, dengan inti di tengah dan sitoplasma jernih (panjang 5-8µm, lebar 5-6 µm), dan sel yang berbentuk bulat dengan inti di tengah dan sitoplasma jernih (2-4 µm). Nilai PDL pada kultur primer berkisar 3,20 ± 1,28 kali – 5,02 ± 0,22 kali dan pada subkultur 5,84 kali – 10,27 kali. Nilai PDT pada kultur primer berkisar 30,90 ± 1,36 jam – 55,84 ± 27,38 jam dan pada subkultur berkisar 22,39 jam – 69,11 jam. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa kondisi kultur sesuai untuk pertumbuhan sel hepatopankreas.		Hepatopancreatic cell culture of Osteochilus vittatus (nilem fish) had been carried out on heterogeneous cells suspension. In this study, the suspension of nilem fish hepatopancreatic cells were isolated using two concentrations of percoll gradient centrifugation (60% and 80%) to obtain homogeneous cells for primary cell culture. This study was aimed to identify the cell characteristics found in percoll 60% and 80%, and the morphological characteristics of cells after primary culture and first subculture.
The study was conducted using completely randomized design (CRD). The 60% and 80% percoll concentration and varied FBS concentrations served as treatment. Each treatment combination was repeated four times. The independent variables were percoll and serum concentration, the dependent variable was hepatopancreas cell growth. Quantitative data in the form of cell viability, cell density, cell confluence were tested for normality and homogeneity, then preceded oneway ANOVA and Post Hoc test using Tukey’s HSD. The cell morphology was analyzed descriptively.
The results showed that the cells isolated using 60% and 80% percoll gradient centrifugation share the similar character. The survival rate of hepatopancreatic cells cultured in different concentration of FBS were ≥92,25% at primary culture, and 100% at first subculture. There were two types of cell found in the study, (1) round to ovoid cell with center nucleus and clear cytoplasm (5-8µm long, 5-6 µm wide) and (2) round cells with center nucleus and clear cytoplasm (2-4 µm). PDL values in primary cultures ranged from 3.20 ± 1.28 times to 5.02 ± 0.22 times and at subcultures of 5.84 times to 10.27 times. PDT values in primary cultures ranged from 30.90 ± 1.36 hours to 55.84 ± 27.38 hours and in subcultures ranged from 22.39 hours to 69.11 hours. This suggested that the culture condition supported the cell growth.
2113824014B1J012052DAYA SERAP CO2 TEGAKAN DAMAR (Agathis dammara) PADA BERBAGAI UMUR DI KPH BANYUMAS TIMURDampak pemanasan global(global warming) sudah semakin mengkhawatirkan. Salah satu dampak pemanasan global yang menjadi isu dunia adalah terjadi perubahan iklim yang berpengaruh terhadap kepunahan organisme beserta ekosistemnya. Oleh karena perlu dilakukan penanggulangan untuk mengurangi pemanasan global. Penanggulangan yang paling efektif diantaranya adalah melalui penanaman tumbuhan yang berfungsi sebagai penyerap gas CO2. Salah satu tumbuhan yang potensial menyerap CO2 adalah Damar. Namun demikian perlu dilakukan pengujian umur tegakan damar yang paling efektif dalam menyerap CO2. Oleh karena itu tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui umur tegakan damar yang optimal dalam menyerap CO2 dan mengetahui hubungan antara umur tegakan damar dan daya serapnya terhadap CO2.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei dengan teknik pengambilan sampel stratified random sampling. Tegakan damar dikelompokkan ke dalam beberapa kelompok umur tegakan. Pada setiap kelompok umur tegakan damar diambil daun damar untuk diuji masa karbohidratnya. Dari data massa karbohidrat kemudian dihitung jumlah karbondioksidanya. Data hasil pengukuran daya serap CO2 damar yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis varian (ANOVA) dan analisis regresi.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa umur tegakan damar sangat berpengaruh terhadap daya serap karbondioksida. Tegakan damar yang diteliti sampai umur 51 tahun belum mencapi titik optimal dalam menyerap karbondioksida.Hubungan antara daya serap karbondioksida tegakan damar dengan umur tegakan memilikimodel hubunganeksponensial, yakni semakin tua umur tegakan, daya serap karbondioksida semakin besar. The impacts of global warming have been increasingly alarming. One of which has becomeba global issue; climate changes occur and affect the extinction of organisms as well as their ecosystems. Therefore, some efforts to reduce global warming need to be carried out. One of the most effective solutions is by planting certain trees as “carbon dioxide absorbents”; and resin trees (Damar) are ones of the kinds. However, testing the most effective age of the trees in absorbing carbon dioxide need to be conducted. For that reason, this research aimed to find out the optimum age of the amboina pitch tree (tegakan damar) in absorbing carbon dioxide and the correlation between the age of the trees and its absorption to carbon dioxide.A survey method with stratified random sampling was used in this study. The trees were classified into some age groups. At each group, the leaves of which were picked to test their carbohydrate mass. From the data obtained, then the amount of the carbon dioxide was calculated. The result data of the measurement was then analyzed by using variance analysis (ANOVA) and regression analysis.The result study showed that the age of amboina pitch trees was influential in absorbing carbon dioxide. The trees examined until the age of 51 had not reached the optimum age in absorbing carbon dioxide. The relationship between the trees’ absorption and their ages was exponential; the older the trees, the greater their carbon dioxide absorption.
2113924011B1J014084KEANEKARAGAMAN RAYAP (O: ISOPTERA) PADA EKOSISTEM HUTAN PINUS DAN DAMAR DI KETINGGIAN 1000 M DPL LERENG BARAT GUNUNG SLAMET JAWA TENGAHRayap sangat bermanfaat untuk membantu menguraikan sisa-sisa kayu dan serasah menjadi unsur hara. Peranan rayap dalam ekosistem dapat diketahui dengan mengetahui jenis rayap dan kebiasaan makan rayap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis dan kelimpahan rayap pada ekosistem hutan pinus dan damar di ketinggian 1000 m dpl lereng barat Gunung Slamet Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode belt transect bidang. Sampel rayap diambil dari lereng Barat Gunung Slamet Jawa Tengah pada ekosistem hutan pinus dan damar di ketinggian 1000 m dpl. Sampling mengikuti alur Belt transect (100 m x 2 m). Belt transect dibagi menjadi 20 bagian (5 m x 2 m). Rayap diambil pada serasah, daun, tanah, kulit pohon, dan humus pada area section. Spesiemen rayap dimasukkan ke dalam botol yang telah diisi alkohol 70%. Temperatur udara, kelembapan udara, temperatur tanah, kelembapan tanah, intensitas cahaya dan kanopi diukur sebagai variable pendukung. Rayap yang diperoleh diidentifikasi dan kelimpahan jumlah individu disetiap bagian dihitung. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan dua familia (Termitidae dan Rhinotermitidae) dengan dua spesies Odontotermes javanicus dan Schedorinotermes javanicus. Kelimpahan O. javanicus pada ekosistem pinus diperoleh sebanyak 9 individu (hits) dan pada ekosistem damar sebanyak 7 individu (hits). Sedangkan kelimpahan S. javanicus pada ekosistem pinus diperoleh 3 individu (hits) dan pada ekosistem damar hanya diperoleh 1 individu (hits). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah jenis rayap yang diperoleh pada ekosistem hutan pinus dan damar di ketinggian 1000 m dpl lereng barat Gunung Slamet Jawa Tengah diperoleh 2 familia dengan 2 spesies yaitu O. javanicus dan S. javanicus dengan kelimpahan rayap pada ekosistem pinus lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada ekosistem damar.Termites are very useful to help decompose the remnants of wood and litter into nutrients. The role of termites in ecosystem can be known by studying the type and the eating habits of termites. This study aims to determine the type and abundance of termites in pine and damar forest ecosystems at an altitude of 1000 m above the western slope of Mount Slamet, Central Java. This research was carried using a method belt transect field. Termite samples were taken from the Western Slope of Mount Slamet in Central Java in the pine and amber forest ecosystems at an altitude of 1000 m above sea level. Sampling follow the belt transect groove (100 m x 2 m). Belt transect divided into 20 section (5 m x 2 m). Termites were taken in litter, leaves, soil, tree bark, and humus in the section area. Termite specimens inserted into bottles that have been filled with 70% alcohol. Air temperature, air humidity, soil temperature, soil moisture, light intensity and canopy measured as supporting variables. The type of termites obtained were identified and the abundance were obtained by counting the total individual found in each section. The results obtained two families (Termitidae and Rhinotermitidae) with two species of Odontotermes javanicus and Schedorinotermes javanicus. The abundance of O.javanicus species in the pine ecosystem were 9 individuals (hits) and in the damar ecosystem were 7 individuals (hits). While the abundance of S. javanicus in the pine ecosystem was obtained by 3 individuals (hits) and in the damar ecosystem was only 1 individual (hits). The research concluded that the types of termites obtained at the altitude of 1000 m above the sea leavel western slopes of Mount Slamet, Central Java were O.javanicus and S. javanicus. The abundance in pine ecosystem was higher than on damar ecosystem.
2114024020B1K014032REMOVAL OF HEAVY METAL CHROMIUM (Cr) IN RED INDIGOSOL BATIK DYE USING INDIGENOUS FUNGAL ISOLATES (Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp.) IN DIFFERENT TIME PERIODRed indigosol is one of batik dyes used in Indonesia’s batik industry. This industrial activity produces wastewater. Based on liquid waste quality standards, it is explained that chromium is one of the parameters in the standard of textile waste quality. Several selected fungi are found to be potential organisms to removal heavy metal chromium from batik waste effluent. Some fungal strains which were isolated from batik wastewater and comprised of Aspergillus sp., and Penicillium sp. have been elaborated in this study, with Phanerochaeta chrysoporium as comparative isolate. This research discussed the role of these fungal to removal of heavy metals Cr from batik wastewater. The effect of incubation period to removed was also studied. The results showed that the fungi were able to decolorize and remove chromium. The roval of heavy metal Cr percentage of Aspergillus sp. on the 3rd, 5th and 7th days was 60.07%; 80.21%; 63.73%, whereas for Penicillium sp. isolates was 75.82%; 82.05%; 62.63%. The percentage of P. chrysoporium isolates was 64.83%; 76.92%; 62.63%. The fungi were able to reduce the Cr concentration of batik effluent. The most effective fungi to remove chromium was Penicillium sp. in 5th days incubation time, with the largest Biomass of 0.63 g. Penicillium sp. can be used as chromium removal.Red indigosol is one of batik dyes used in Indonesia’s batik industry. This industrial activity produces wastewater. Based on liquid waste quality standards, it is explained that chromium is one of the parameters in the standard of textile waste quality. Several selected fungi are found to be potential organisms to removal heavy metal chromium from batik waste effluent. Some fungal strains which were isolated from batik wastewater and comprised of Aspergillus sp., and Penicillium sp. have been elaborated in this study, with Phanerochaeta chrysoporium as comparative isolate. This research discussed the role of these fungal to removal of heavy metals Cr from batik wastewater. The effect of incubation period to removed was also studied. The results showed that the fungi were able to decolorize and remove chromium. The roval of heavy metal Cr percentage of Aspergillus sp. on the 3rd, 5th and 7th days was 60.07%; 80.21%; 63.73%, whereas for Penicillium sp. isolates was 75.82%; 82.05%; 62.63%. The percentage of P. chrysoporium isolates was 64.83%; 76.92%; 62.63%. The fungi were able to reduce the Cr concentration of batik effluent. The most effective fungi to remove chromium was Penicillium sp. in 5th days incubation time, with the largest Biomass of 0.63 g. Penicillium sp. can be used as chromium removal.