| Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia) | Ketergantungan pada bahan bakar fosil mendorong pemanfaatan limbah biomassa seperti sekam padi sebagai sumber energi alternatif terbarukan. Karakteristik sekam padi yang memiliki kerapatan curah (bulk density) rendah serta kadar abu tinggi memerlukan proses densifikasi melalui briketisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi tekanan pengempaan dan konsentrasi perekat tapioka terhadap kadar air, kadar abu, dan nilai kalor briket arang sekam padi, serta menentukan kondisi proses paling optimal menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM) dengan rancangan Central Composite Design (CCD). Faktor yang diteliti meliputi tekanan pengempaan (80–220 kg/cm2) dan konsentrasi perekat tapioka (8%–22% b/b) dengan total 13 kombinasi perlakuan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan rata-rata kadar air 4,97% (3,80%–5,85%), kadar abu 5,51% (4,55%–6,38%), dan nilai kalor 5.286,9 kal/g (5.045,6–5.519,9 kal/g), di mana seluruh perlakuan memenuhi standar SNI 01-6235-2000. Konsentrasi perekat merupakan faktor dominan yang meningkatkan kadar air (F=1973,81; p<0,0001) dan kadar abu (F=1269,80; p<0,0001) akibat sifat higroskopis pati dan residu non-karbon. Sebaliknya, tekanan pengempaan merupakan faktor paling dominan yang meningkatkan nilai kalor (F=182,90; p<0,0001) karena memadatkan struktur pori dan meningkatkan densitas energi. Model kuadratik RSM terbukti valid dan presisi (R2>0,95; lack of fit p>0,05). Kondisi optimum tercapai pada kombinasi perlakuan T2K2 (tekanan 150 kg/cm2 dan perekat 15%) dengan nilai desirability sebesar 0,983 (prediksi sistem: 126,94 kg/cm2 dan perekat 13,07%). |
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| Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris) | Growing fossil fuel depletion necessitates the utilization of agricultural residues such as rice husk for renewable biomass energy. The low bulk density of rice husk requires densification through briquetting. This study aims to analyze the effects of compaction pressure and tapioca adhesive concentration on the moisture content, ash content, and calorific value of rice husk charcoal briquettes, while determining the optimal process conditions using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD). Two factors were investigated: compaction pressure (80–220 kg/cm2) and tapioca adhesive concentration (8%–22% w/w) across 13 treatment runs. Results showed average moisture content of 4.97% (3.80%–5.85%), ash content of 5.51% (4.55%–6.38%), and calorific value of 5,286.9 cal/g (5,045.6–5,519.9 cal/g), fully complying with SNI 01-6235-2000 standards. Adhesive concentration predominantly increased moisture content (F=1973.81; p<0.0001) and ash content (F=1269.80; p<0.0001) due to starch hygroscopicity and non-carbon residues. Conversely, compaction pressure was the dominant factor increasing calorific value (F=182.90; p<0.0001) by compacting pore structures and enhancing energy density. Quadratic RSM models proved valid and accurate (R2>0.95; lack of fit p>0.05). Optimal processing conditions were achieved at treatment T2K2 (150 kg/cm2 pressure and 15% adhesive) with a desirability of 0.983 (system prediction: 126.94 kg/cm2 and 13.07% adhesive). |
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