| Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia) | Indonesia mengimpor kapas lebih dari 2 milyar dolar di tahun 2011. Usaha yang dilakukan adalah mengganti kapas dengan serat batang pisang. Serat batang pisang memiliki daya serap air rendah sehingga perlu dielektrolisis agar daya serap air tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah: (1) Mengekstraksi serat batang pisang (2) Mengidentifikasi perubahan pH dan warna pada elektrolisis serat batang pisang. (3) Mengetahui komponen kimia dalam serat batang pisang hasil elektrolisis. (4) Mengetahui daya serap air serat batang pisang hasil elektrolisis. Penelitian menggunakan analisis deskriptif pada proses ekstraksi serat pisang dan analisis grafik pada pengamatan pH dan warna, kandungan kimia, serta daya serap air. Variasi perlakuan elektrolisis yang digunakan adalah elektrolisis 0 jam, 12 jam, 24 jam, 36 jam. Serta variasi perendaman 30 detik, 60 detik, 300 detik, 600 detik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Ekstraksi serat batang pisang kapok menggunakan cara manual dengan proses water retting dan scraping dengan massa perpelepah rata-rata 0,3 kg akan menghasilkan serat sebesar 0,15 kg. (2) Perlakuan elektrolisis selama 36 jam merupakan perlakuan paling baik dengan pH antara 7-0 di anoda dan 7-14 di katoda, dan warna serat kuning keputih-putihan. (3) Serat batang pisang dengan perlakuan elektrolisis 0 jam, 12 jam, 24 jam, 36 jam, memiliki kadar selulosa antara 52,06% - 55,61% , kadar lignin 3,2% - 7,2%, kadar air 5,7%-12,2%, kadar abu 0,3%-1,6%. (4) Daya serap air paling baik didapat pada perlakuan elektrolisis selama 36 jam dengan perlakuan perendaman selama 30 detik, 60 detik, 300 detik, 600 detik dengan hasil berturut-turut 1,41 gr/cm2 ; 1,42 gr/cm2 ; 1,44 gr/cm2; 1,33 gr/cm2 dan kapasitas penyerapannya berkisar antar 5-7 kali berat awal serat. |
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| Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris) | Indonesia imported cotton more than 2 billion dollars in 2011. Away that has conducted to solve the problem of cotton national always by substituting the main raw material of textiles from banana trunk fibers. The banana trunk fibers has very low water absorption. Therefore, it is needed to electrolyze firstly in order to have high water absorption. The purpose of this research was (1) to find out how to extract banana fiber.(2) to know how change of pH and colour at the process of banana stem fibers electrolysis, (3) to know how chemical contents results of electrolysis of banana fiber (4) to know how the ability of water absorption results of electrolysis of banana fiber. The research using deskriptif analysis at the process banana fibers extraction and using graphic analysis at the pH and color measuring, chemical contents measuring and water absorption measuring.Treatment variations were electrolysis during 0 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours. And treatment variations of water absorption testing were inserted into the water during 30 seconds, 60 seconds, 300 seconds, 600 seconds.The results showed that: (1) Extraction of banana stem fibers used manual way by water retting process and scraping, where a mass of a banana leaves average 0.3 kg will to produce fibers of 0.15 kg. (2) Treatment of electrolysis for 36 hours was best treated with a pH between 7-0 and 7-14 at the anode in the cathode, and the color of fibers was yellow whitish. (3) banana stem fibers with electrolysis treatments 0 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, has a cellulose content between 52.06% - 55.61%, lignin content of 3.2% - 7.2%, moisture 5 , 7% -12.2%, ash content of 0.3% -1.6%. (4) Maximum water absorption obtained on electrolysis treatment for 36 hours to yield 1.41 g/cm2; 1.42 g/cm2; 1.44 g/cm2; 1.33 g/cm2 and absorptive capacities ranging between 5 - 7 initial weight of fiber. |
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