Artikel Ilmiah : E1A014068 a.n. KARTIKA ASIH LESTARI
| NIM | E1A014068 |
|---|---|
| Namamhs | KARTIKA ASIH LESTARI |
| Judul Artikel | TANGGUNG JAWAB KOMANDO ATAS PELANGGARAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA BERAT DALAM HUKUM HUMANITER INTERNASIONAL (Studi Tentang Kasus Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia Berat di Timor Timur |
| Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia) | Doktrin tanggung jawab komando telah ada sejak dahulu kala, yang kemudian diatur dalam Konvensi Den Haag IV Tahun 1907. Doktrin ini kemudian juga digunakan dalam International Military Tribunal Tokyo, International Military Tribunal Nuremberg, Statuta International Criminal Tribunal for former Yugoslavia, Statuta International Criminal Tribunal For Rwanda dan Statuta International Chamber of Commerce. Di lingkup Nasional diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 26 Tahun 2000 tentang Peradilan Hak Asasi Manusia, ditinjau dari substansialnya belum mengatur kejahatan-kejahatan serius seperti genosida, kejahatan perang, dan kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan. KUHP (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana) juga belum mengatur tentang tanggung jawab komando, dan seharusnya hukum nasional perlu mengatur mengenai tanggung jawab komando karena pada kenyataannya banyak kejahatan-kejahatan paling serius yang berhubungan dengan tanggung jawab pidana seorang komandan militer atau atasan sipil. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dan dianalisis secara kualitatif berdasarkan asas-asas, norma-norma, teori atau doktrin ilmu hukum. Spesifikasi penelitian yang digunakan adalah bersifat deskriptif-analitis sesuai dengan masalah serta tujuan dalam penelitian dengan menginventarisasi hukum positif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan studi kepustakaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan mengenai pengaturan tanggung jawab komando dalam hukum Internasional dan hukum positif Indonesia dan penerapan tanggung jawab komando dalam putusan peradilan Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) Ad Hoc dalam Kasus pelanggaran HAM berat yang terjadi di Timor Timur. Pelanggaran HAM Berat Timor Timur yang terjadi dalam kurun waktu Januari-September 1999 pada saat pra dan pasca jajak pendapat, Komisi Penyelidik Pelanggaran HAM Timor Timur berdasarkan fakta dokumen, keterangan dan kesaksian, dari berbagai pihak, pelanggaran tersebut tak hanya merupakan tindakan yang dapat digolongkan sebagai pelanggaran HAM berat atau gross violation of human rights yang menjadi tanggung jawab negara (states responsibilities), namun dapat dipastikan, seluruh pelanggaran HAM berat tersebut dapat digolongkan sebagai universal jurisdiction yaitu mencakup pembunuhan, pemusnahan, perbudakan, pengusiran dan pemindahan paksa serta lain-lain. Tindakan tidak manusiawi terhadap penduduk sipil ini merupakan pelanggaran berat atas hak hidup (the rights to life), hak atas intregrasi jasmani (the rights to personal integrity), hak akan kebebasan (the rights to liberty), hak akan kebebasan bergerak dan bermukim (the rights of movement and to residence), serta hak milik (the rights to property). |
| Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris) | The Doctrine of commanders’ responsibility has exsisted long time ago, which then being regulated in the Huge Convention IV of 19907. This doctrine also used in the Tokyo International Tribunal, The International Military Tribunal Nuremburg, The Statute of The International Criminal Tribunal For Former Yugoslavia, The Statute of The Criminal Tribunal For Rwanda and The Statute of International Chamber of Commerce. In the national scope are being regulated in Law Number 26 of 2000 concerning Human Rights Courts, reviewed from the substance, it’s does not regulate the serious crimes such as genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. The Criminal Code also does not regulate the responsibility of a commander, so the national law should be regulate it, because in reality there are so many serious criminals that realate with the responsibility of a militar commander or civilian superior. This study uses a normative juridical method and being analyzed qualitatively base on principles, norms, theory/doctrine of law. The research specifications used are descriptive-analytical in accordance with the problems and the goal of this research by inventorying the positive law. Collecting data method used here is library research. This study aims to find out and explain the regulation of commanders’ respnsibility in international law and Indonesian positive law and the application of commanders’ responsibility in the decisions of Ad Hoc Human Rights Court case of gross human rights violations that occurred in East Timor. East Timor’s gross human rights violations that occured during period of January-September 1999 during the pre and post polls according to the East Timor Human Rights Violation Investigation Commision, base on the fact of documents, Statements and testimonies, from various parties, these violations were not only actions that could be classified as gross human rights violations which are belongs to the states, responsibilities, but it can be ascertained that all gross violations of human rights as universal jurisdictions, which include murder, extermination, slavery, expulsion and forced displacementand etc. This inhuman act toward the civilian populations is a gross human rights violation (the rights to life), rights of personal/fisic integrity (rights of personal integrity), Rights of freedom (Liberty rights), the rights of freedom of a movementand and settlement (movement and residence) as well as property rights (rights of property). |
| Kata kunci | Tanggung Jawab Komando, Pelanggaran HAM Berat, Timor Timur. |
| Pembimbing 1 | Dr. H.M. Isplancius, S.H., M.Hum |
| Pembimbing 2 | Hj. Lynda Asiana, S.H., M.H |
| Pembimbing 3 | Dr. Noer Indrianti, S.H., M.Hum |
| Tahun | 2018 |
| Jumlah Halaman | 15 |
| Tgl. Entri | 2018-11-19 16:53:50.540299 |