Artikel Ilmiah : A1H010088 a.n. ANDI KURNIAWAN
| NIM | A1H010088 |
|---|---|
| Namamhs | ANDI KURNIAWAN |
| Judul Artikel | Dinamika Air Dan Nutrisi pada Demplot Budidaya Tanaman Kentang Atlantik (Solanum Tuberosum, L) dengan Aplikasi Biochar, Variasi Jenis Pupuk, dan Mulsa |
| Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia) | Budidaya kentang secara konvensional pada lahan miring dengan menggunakan guludan vertikal (guludan searah lereng) dewasa ini telah berdampak sangat signifikan terhadap percepatan degradasi lahan dan kerusakan lingkungan di wilayah daerah aliran sungai (DAS), seperti erosi dan lahan kritis di daerah hulu, serta sedimentasi dan pencemaran air di wilayah hilir. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian sebelumnya, sistem guludan horizontal terbukti sangat efektif menurunkan laju erosi pada lahan kentang, namun belum mampu meningkatkan produktivitas kentang yang optimal akibat kondisi lewat jenuh air pada guludan tersebut tertutama pada musim hujan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian lebih lanjut yang komprehensif terkait penerapan guludan horizontal dalam budidaya kentang yang dikombinasikan dengan berbagai upaya perbaikan sifat fisik dan kimia tanah melalui aplikasi pertanian organik, teknologi biochar, dan permulsaan sangat diperlukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) Mengidentifikasi dinamika air dan nutrisi pada demplot tanaman kentang Atlantik dengan aplikasi guludan horizontal dan biochar, serta variasi jenis pupuk dan mulsa, dan 2) Menentukan kombinasi biochar, pupuk dan mulsa yang sesuai untuk budidaya tanaman kentang Atlantik. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Serang, Kecamatan Karangreja, Kabupaten Purbalingga, Laboratorium Teknologi Pertanian, dan Laboratorium Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Universitas Jendral Soedirman Purwokerto, pada bulan Juni sampai Agustus 2014. Sebanyak 6 (enam) demplot lahan kentang Atlantik (6 m x 3 m) dengan sistem guludan horizontal disiapkan masing-masing untuk perlakuan: Mulsa Plastik Pupuk Organik (MPO), Mulsa Jerami Pupuk Organik (MJO), Tanpa Mulsa Pupuk Organik (TMO), Mulsa Plastik Pupuk Kimia (MPK), Mulsa Jerami Pupuk Kimia (MJK), dan Tanpa Mulsa Pupuk Kimia (TMK). Pada setiap demplot perlakuan, sifat fisik (kadar air, kepadatan, dan permeabilitas) dan kimia (N-total, N-tersedia, P-total, dan P-tersedia) tanah diukur masing-masing secara mingguan dan bulanan. Laju aliran permukaan dan kehilangan tanah termasuk jumlah N dan P yang terkandung di dalamnya diukur pada setiap kejadian hujan. Biomassa tanaman, serta jumlah N dan P yang terserap diukur setiap bulan. Selain itu, data iklim mikro yang meliputi curah hujan, suhu dan kelembaban udara, radiasi matahari, dan kecepatan angin diukur secara harian. Keseluruhan data pengukuran kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan Formula Material Balance, dan hasilnya ditampilkan secara grafis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kadar air volumetrik tanah pada perlakuan MPO, MJO, TMO, MPK, MJK, dan TMK secara berturut – turut adalah 0,25 cm3/cm3, 0,32 cm3/cm3, 0,35 cm3/cm3, 0,26 cm3/cm3, 0,35 cm3/cm3, dan 0,49 cm3/cm3. Dari 992 mm total input hujan, rata-rata kehilangan air melalui proses erosi, perkolasi, dan kebutuhan air tanaman melalui proses evapotranspirasi masing-masing adalah 5,44%, 69,43%, dan 25,12% (pada perlakuan pupuk organik), serta 4,54%, 79,80%, dan 15,65% (pada perlakuan pupuk anorganik). Jumlah N-total pada perlakuan MPO, MJO, TMO, MPK, MJK, dan TMK secara berturut – turut adalah 9.046 kg/ha, 9.253 kg/ha, 9.006 kg/ha, 9.220 kg/ha, 9.313 kg/ha, dan 9.110 kg/ha, sedangkan jumlah P-total pada perlakuan-perlakuan yang sama secara berturut-turut adalah 10.440 kg/ha, 11.353 kg/ha, 10.380 kg/ha, 10.740 kg/ha, 12.320 kg/ha, dan 12.946 kg/ha. Kombinasi pupuk, biochar dan mulsa yang tepat dilihat dari aspek kemampuan menjaga kadar air dan nutrisi tanah, serta menurunkan tingkat erosi adalah kombinasi pupuk kimia mulsa jerami (perlakuan MJK). |
| Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris) | The conventional potato cultivation in sloping land with horizontal-ridge (sloping-ridge) system nowadays has accelerated significant land degradation and environmental deterioration in watershed area, like as erosion and critical land at upper stream, and sedimentation and water contamination at downstream. Based on the previous research, it has been found that the horizontal-ridge system has been strongly effective in reducing erosion rate on potato-cropping land, but it has been unable to support the optimum production of the crop yet, due to waterlogged condition on the ridge, especially in rainy season. Therefore, the comprehensive further research on the applicability of the horizontal-ridge system in combination with the efforts of improving soil physical and chemical quality through organic farming, biochars technology, and mulching application is worthily conducted. This research was aimed: 1) To identify water and dynamics in Atlantik potato-cropping plot under horizontal-ridge and biochars application with various types of fertilizers and mulches, 2) To determine the most appropriate combination of biochars, fertilizers, and mulches for Atlantik potato crop cultivation. The research was carried out at Serang village, Karangreja district, Purbalingga regency, and Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, and Laboratory of Soil Science and Land Resource, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, started from June to August 2015. Totally 6 (six) Atlantik potato-cropping plots with horizontal-ridge system were prepared for the treatments of: organic fertilizer with plastic mulch (MPO), organic fertilizer with rice-straw mulch (MJO), organic fertilizer without mulch (TMO), inorganic fertilizer with plastic mulch (MPK), inorganic fertilizer with rice-straw mulch (MJK), and inorganic fertilizer without mulch (TMK), respectively. On each treatment plot, soil physical (water content, dry bulk density, and hydraulic conductivity) and chemical properties (Total-N, Available-N, Total-P, and Available-P) were weekly and monthly measured, respectively. Runoff rate and soil loss including their N and P content were monitored at every rainfall event. Crop biomass and its up-taken N and P were monthly measured. Furthermore, microclimate data including rainfall, aerial temperature and relative humidity, solar radiation, and wind speed were hourly collected by using mini-weather station. The entire measured data were then analyzed by using Material Balance Formula, and the results were graphically described. The results showed that the average soil volumetric water content in MPO, MJO, TMO, MPK, MJK, and TMK treatment were about 0.25 cm3/cm3, 0.32 cm3/cm3, 0.35 cm3/cm3, 0.26 cm3/cm3, 0.35 cm3/cm3, dan 0.49 cm3/cm3, respectively. From the 992 mm total inputed-rainfall, the average water-loss by erosion and percolation, and crop water requirement through evaporation were about 5.44%, 69.43%, and 25.12% (organic fertilizers treatment), serta 4.54%, 79.80%, dan 15.65% (inorganic fertilizer treatment), respectively. The Total-N load in MPO, MJO, TMO, MPK, MJK, and TMK were about 9,046 kg/ha, 9,253 kg/ha, 9006 kg/ha, 9,220 kg/ha, 9,313 kg/ha, and 9,110 kg/ha, while the Total-P load for these similar treatments were about 10,440 kg/ha, 11,353 kg/ha, 10,380 kg/ha, 10,740 kg/ha, 12,320 kg/ha, and 12,946 kg/ha, respectively. From the view point of the capability in maintaining soil water and nutrients, and also reducing erosion rate, the inorganic fertilizer with rice-straw mulch (MJK) was the most appropriate combination to be applied. |
| Kata kunci | kentang, dinamika air, dinamika nutrisi, kesetimbangan air dan nutrisi, biochar |
| Pembimbing 1 | Krissandi Wijaya, S.TP., M.Agr., Ph.D. |
| Pembimbing 2 | Dr. Ardiansyah, S.TP., M.Si. |
| Pembimbing 3 | |
| Tahun | 2015 |
| Jumlah Halaman | 21 |
| Tgl. Entri | 2015-08-13 15:24:31.021502 |