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PRISTIA YUNIK PRANINDA

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Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

Penelitian ini melaporkan perbandingan efektifitas dosis iradiasi UV (5950 J/m2, 11900 J/m2; dan 17850 J/m2) untuk inaktivasi materi genetis jantan ikan nilem, kemudian fertilisasi dilanjut diploidisasi dengan kejut panas 40oC selama 90 detik pada 3 menit setelah fertilisasi (meioginogenesis) dan 25 menit setelah fertilisasi (mitoginogenesis). Total 10 perlakuan: 1 kontrol positif (P0), 3 kontrol negatif (P1-P3), 3 meioginogenesis (P4-P6), 3 mitoginogenesis (P7-P9). Tiap perlakuan diulang enam kali. Variabel yang diamati yaitu fertilitas, penetasan, morfologi larva dan sintasan umur 30 hari. Hasilnya menunjukan bahwa perlakuan yang diberikan berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap fertilitas, penetasan, morfologi larva dan sintasan umur 30 hari. Dosis iradiasi UV yang diberikan terbukti efektif untuk inaktivasi spermatozoa, dibuktikan dari data sintasan umur 30 hari dan morfologi larva. Hasil uji lanjut membuktikan bahwa meioginogenesis lebih efektif dibandingkan mitoginogenesis, dibuktikan dari data fertilitas, penetasan, morfologi larva dan sintasan umur 30 hari pada meioginogenesis lebih baik hasilnya dibandingkan mitoginogenesis. Disimpulkan bahwa meioginogenesis lebih efektif dibandingkan mitoginogenesis dengan dosis iradiasi UV 5950 J/m2, 11900 J/m2 atau 17850 J/m2, dilanjut fertilisasi dan kejut panas 40oC selama 90 detik pada 3 atau 25 menit setelah fertilisasi.

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

Gynogenesis is reproductive biotechnology to obtain new offspring containing only maternal genetic material. Gynogenesis organism could be developed in 3 steps. The first is the inactivation of genetic material of spermatozoa, the second is by fertilization of inactivated sperm with oocyte resulting the haploid offspring and the third is diploidization of gynogentic zygote. Diploidization of the gynogenetic zygote might be achieved by retention of second polar body (meiogynogenesis) or blockage of the first cleavage (mitogynogenesis). Gynogenesis presents many advantages, i.e. homozygosity acceleration, clones only in two generations, female population creation, accelerating selection process and the determination of female genotype. There is further research to know the effective of meiogynogenesis and mitogynogenesis in shark minnow fish. Shark minnow fish is the most cultivated cyprinid fish in Central Java. It is potential to develop seed production of fisheries in Central Java.
The purpose of this study were to compare the effective of meiogynogenesis and mitogynogenesis shark minnow fish and compare the fertility, hatching, and survival rates and the offspring morphology of meiogynogenesis and mitogynogenesis shark minnow fish. 
The research was conducted in Animal Physiology Laboratory of Biology Faculty of Jenderal Soedirman University. Research involved milt and shark minnow eggs. The experimental study applied a complete randomized design, with 10 treatments in sixtuplicate, four of them were the control treatments. One was positive control no irradiation, no heat shocked (P0), three negative control of UV irradiation (3, 6, 9 min) no heat shocked (P1, P2, P3). The three meioginogenesis treatments (P4, P5, P6) were UV irradiation (3, 6, 9 min) followed by heat shocked (40oC for 90 sec) at 3 min from fertilization and the three mitoginogenesis (P7, P8, P9) were UV irradiation (3, 6, 9 min) followed by heat shocked (40oC for 90 sec) at 25 min from fertilization. Fertilization rate, hatching rate, survival rate 30th days and the offspring morphology of shark minnow fish were data assessed. Quantitative data were F-tested and consequently LSD-tested.
The results showed that the treatments were very significantly different (P<0.01) for fertility, hatching, and 30-d survival rates and offspring morphology. UV Irradiation dosage was effective to block paternal genetic material based on haploid offspring survival rate, which survive for maximum 3 days. The LSD test showed that meiogynogenesis was better than mitogynogenesis for UV irradiation dosage of 5950 J/m2, 11900 J/m2 and 17850 J/m2. Fertility, hatching and 30-d survival rates were very significantly different (P<0.01) with positive control and negative control. Abnormal morphology of shark minnow offspring rate of meiogynogenesis P4 and P5 did not show a significant different (P> 0.05) with positive control P0 and mitogynogenesis P8 and P9 did not show a significant different (P> 0.05) with positive control P0.
Data analysis showed that UV irradiation for 3, 6 and 9 minutes or dosage 5950 J/m2, 11900 J/m2, 17850 J/m2 and heat shocked 40oC for 90 seconds influenced the fertility, hatching, and 30-d survival rates and offspring morphology. UV irradiation dosage was effective to sperm inactivation of shark minnow fish without reducing capability to fertile shark minnow oocytes based on fertility, hatching, and 30-d survival rates and offspring morphology. Heat shocked of 40oC for 90 seconds at 3 minutes post-fertilization was effective to prevent of second polar body, hence meiogynogenetic organism developed. Meanwhile, the heat shocked at 25 minutes post-fertilization could block first cleavage, so mitogynogenetic organism could develop. Based on research variable, it was clear that fertility, hatching, 30-d survival rates and offspring morphology of meiogynogenetic organisms was better than mitogynogenetic organism.
It could be concluded that shark minnow meiogynogenesis was more effective than meiogynogenesis, using UV irradiation for 3, 6 and 9 minutes followed by heat shocked 40oC for 90 seconds at 3 minutes or 25 minutes post-fertilization. Meiogynogenesis was more effective than mitogynogenesis, which could be seen from the variables (fertility, hatching and 30-d survival rates, and offspring morphology). UV irradiation dosages (5.950 J/m2, 11.900 J/m2 or 17.850 J/m2) and heat shocked (40oC for 90 sec) were effective to shark minnow gynogenesis process. The best UV irradiation to gynogenesis was 11.900 J/m2.
The implications of this research was meiogynogenesis better than mitogynogenesis in gynogenesis biotechnology to freshwater and endanger fishes in which accelerated homozygosity, clones only in two generations, created female population, accelerates selection process and female genotip determination.

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