Update Artikelilmiah: 5510

SIGIT WIDIADI

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Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

SIGIT WIDIADI, Program Studi Ilmu Lingkungan Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Kajian Cemaran Merkuri di Sungai Tajum dan Persepsi Masyarakat Penambang pada Pertambangan Emas di Kecamatan Gumelar Kabupaten Banyumas, Pembimbing utama Dr. Ir. H. Achmad Iqbal, M.Si. dan anggota Dr. Ir. I Wayan Warmada.
Kegiatan penambangan emas secara tradisional di Kecamatan Gumelar berpotensi mencemari lingkungan perairan Sungai Tajum karena bahan merkuri (Hg) digunakan untuk amalgamator dalam memisahkan bijih emas dari material pengotornya. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui kadar Hg pada perairan dan sedimen di Sungai Tajum, mengetahui kadar Hg pada moluska di Sungai Tajum, menganalisis persepsi masyarakat penambang dalam pengolahan bijih emas dengan menggunakan Hg di Kecamatan Gumelar, dan menganalisis hubungan antara persepsi masyarakat penambang dan cemaran Hg.
Penelitian dilakukan secara survey deskriptif dengan pengambilan sampling perairan dan sedimen secara purposive random sampling. Pengambilan sampel air, sedimen, dan moluska dilakukan untuk mengetahui kadar Hg dengan data pendukung suhu, pH, dan TSS. Pengambilan sampel tersebut dilakukan di lima lokasi pengamatan dengan empat kali ulangan dalam jangka waktu dua minggu. Wawancara dan kuesioner dilakukan kepada 100 responden dari masyarakat penambang, melalui analisis korelasi dan tabulasi skala Likert. Hubungan antara persepsi masyarakat penambang dan cemaran Hg dianalisis dengan menggunakan peta blok tambang. Masing-masing blok diwakili oleh satu stasiun.
Secara umum, cemaran Hg tersebar di sepanjang Sungai Tajum telah melebihi baku mutu lingkungan yaitu 0,002 mg/l dengan nilai STORET termasuk dalam klasifikasi mutu air tercemar sedang (Kelas C). Setiap stasiun pengamatan kadar Hg cenderung lebih banyak di air dan diikuti oleh sedimen dan moluska. Kadar Hg air tertinggi di ST3 diikuti oleh ST4, ST2, ST5, dan ST1. Kadar Hg sedimen tertinggi di ST3 diikuti oleh ST2, ST1, ST4, dan ST5.
Populasi moluska tidak hadir di ST3, kadar Hg moluska tertinggi di ST2 dan diikuti oleh ST5, ST1, dan ST4. Populasi moluska semakin bertambah dari ST2 ke ST4 dan cenderung semakin berkurang ke arah hilir yaitu di ST5. Di setiap stasiun pengamatan, kekayaan moluska relatif stabil, kecuali di ST3. Kelimpahan moluska tertinggi di ST4 dan menurun ke arah hilir.
Masyarakat penambang cenderung memiliki aspek konasi atau kecenderungan bertindak lebih besar (40%) dengan tanpa pemahaman dan pengetahuan yang cukup dalam penambangan emas. Kondisi sosial ekonomi, penghasilan yang tinggi dari penambangan emas, dan tingkat pendidikan yang rendah menjadi faktor pemicu cemaran Hg di Sungai Tajum. Blok 3 merupakan blok tambang dengan jumlah penambang terbanyak dan memiliki resiko cemaran Hg di Sungai Tajum sebesar 50,42% per orang per hari.

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

SIGIT WIDIADI, Environmental Sciences Study Program, Post Graduate Program, Jenderal Soedirman University, Study of Mercury Pollutant in the Tajum River and the Miners Perception of Gold-mining in Gumelar District Banyumas Regency. Supervisor Dr. Ir. H. Achmad Iqbal, M.Si, and co-supervisor Dr. Ir. Wayan Warmada.
The traditional gold mining activity in Gumelar District is potentially to pollute the Tajum River environment because the mercury (Hg) element used for amalgamating the gold ores from their materials pollutant. The research aims at determining the concentration of Hg in the waters and sediment in Tajum River, determining the concentration of Hg in molluscs in Tajum River, analyzing the miners perception in processing gold ore by using Hg in Gumelar District, and analyzing the relationship between the miners perception and Hg pollution.
The research was conducted by descriptively surveying on the waters and sediment as the purposive random sampling. The waters, sediment and molluscs samples taking was done in order to determine the concentration of Hg, and the supporting data such as temperature, pH, and TSS. The sampling was conducted in five observed locations within four times repetition in two weeks duration. Interviews and questionnaire were done toward 100 respondents from the miners and analyzed by correlation analysis and the Likert tabulation scale. The relation between the miners perception and Hg pollution is analyzed by a mine block map. Each block is represented by one station.
Generally, the Hg pollution is spread along the Tajum River, and its a level has exceeded the environmental quality standard namely 0,002 mg/l with STORET score that is categorized in the medium-polluted water classificatuon (C-class). Each Hg-observed station tends to be in the water followed by sediment and molluscs. The highest level of Hg in the waters is in ST3 followed by ST4, ST2, ST5 and ST1. The highest level of Hg in the sediment is in ST3 followed by ST2, ST1, ST4, and ST5.
The molluscs population is not present in ST3; the highest level of Hg in moluscs is in ST2 followed by ST5, ST1 and ST4. The molluscs population is getting higher from ST2 to ST4 and it tends to be decreasing to the downstream namely ST5. In each observed station, the molluscs resource is relatively steady, except in ST3. The highest molluscs abundance is in ST4 and decreasing in the downstream.
The miners tend to have conative aspect or high action to effort (40%) without any further adequate understanding and knowledge on gold mining. The social-economy conditions, the high income earned from the gold mining, and the lower educational background level have become the triggering factors of Hg pollution in Tajum River. The Block 3 is a mining block with the highest number of miners and it has the highest risk of Hg pollution in Tajum River for 50.42% each person each day.

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Pembimbing 1

Pembimbing 2

Pembimbing 3

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