Update Artikelilmiah: 55036

BARA NURUL ZAHIRA

NIM

Judul Artikel

Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

Bakteri patogen yang tersebar di udara kerap menjangkiti manusia. Resistensi bakteri dapat terjadi apabila senyawa antibakteri sintetis terus digunakan sehingga pencarian agen antibakteri alternatif alami masih dilakukan. Salah satu kekayaan alam Indonesia yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yaitu tanaman pala (Myristica fragrans). Minyak atsiri biji pala telah banyak diteliti sebagai agen antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali potensi fraksi minyak atsiri biji pala menjadi alternatif antibakteri alami. Minyak atsiri biji pala difraksinasi menggunakan Distilasi Fraksinasi Vakum untuk kemudian diuji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap 4 strain bakteri. Spesies bakteri yang digunakan yaitu Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, dan Propionibacterium acnes. Fraksi teraktif kemudian diformulasikan nanoemulsi energi tinggi untuk meningkatkan efektivitasnya. Surfaktan dan kosurfaktan yang digunakan yaitu Tween 80 dan Propilen Glikol dengan perbandingan 3:1. Konsentrasi gabungan surfaktan-kosurfaktan dalam formula dioptimasi terlebih dahulu untuk kemudian dibuat formula nanoemulsi dengan variasi konsentrasi fraksi teraktif yang ditambahkan yaitu 0% (FN0), 1% (FN1), 3% (FN3), 5% (FN5), dan 7% (FN7). Proses fraksinasi menghasilkan 5 fraksi (FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, dan FR5). Fraksi teraktif didapatkan oleh FR5 (1000 ppm) dengan diameter zona hambat sebesar 2,02 – 3,58 mm. Konsentrasi gabungan surfaktan-kosurfaktan dalam formula yang terpilih setelah proses optimasi yaitu sebesar 45%. Kelima formula nanoemulsi memiliki karakteristik berwarna kuning jernih, beraroma khas tanaman pala, ukuran partikel rata-rata 13,35 – 59,67 nm, Poly Dispersity Index (PDI) 0,37 – 1, pH 6,8 – 7,4, viskositas 505 – 1325 cP, %Transmitan 10,6 – 96,1%, berjenis Oil in Water (O/W) dan tetap stabil terhadap gaya sentrifugal. Aktivitas antibakteri juga diujikan terhadap kelima formula nanoemulsi dan mendapatkan zona hambat sebesar 9,43 – 17,45 mm. Formula FN3 dipilih sebagai formula terbaik berdasarkan hasil uji karakteristik dan antibakteri.

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

Pathogenic bacteria that spread through the air can cause infections in humans. The continuous use of synthetic antibacterial agents can lead to bacterial resistance, so the search for natural antibacterial agents is still needed. One natural resource in Indonesia that has antibacterial activity is nutmeg (Myristica fragrans). Nutmeg seed essential oil has been widely studied as an antibacterial agent. This study aimed to investigate the potential of nutmeg seed essential oil fractions as a natural antibacterial agent. The essential oil was separated into five fractions using Vacuum Fractional Distillation and tested for antibacterial activity against four bacterial strains, namely Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Propionibacterium acnes. The most active fraction was Fraction 5 at a concentration of 1000 ppm, with inhibition zones ranging from 2.02 to 3.58 mm. Fraction 5 was then formulated into a high-energy nanoemulsion to improve its effectiveness. Tween 80 and Propylene Glycol were used as surfactant and cosurfactant at a ratio of 3:1. The selected concentration of the surfactant-cosurfactant mixture after optimization was 45%. Fraction 5 was added to the nanoemulsion at concentrations of 0% (FN0), 1% (FN1), 3% (FN3), 5% (FN5), and 7% (FN7). All five nanoemulsion formulations were clear yellow and had a characteristic nutmeg aroma. The formulations had average particle sizes of 13.35–59.67 nm, a Polydispersity Index (PDI) of 0.37–1, pH values of 6.8–7.4, viscosities of 505 – 1325 cP, and %transmittance values of 10.6–96.1%. All formulations were Oil-in-Water (O/W) nanoemulsions and remained stable after the centrifugation test. The antibacterial activity test showed inhibition zones of 9.43–17.45 mm. Formula 3 was selected as the best formulation based on its characteristics and antibacterial activity.

Kata kunci

Pembimbing 1

Pembimbing 2

Pembimbing 3

Tahun

Jumlah Halaman