Update Artikelilmiah: 54980

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Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

Indonesia menempati peringkat ke-72 dari 204 negara pada tingkat kematian akibat infeksi yang berkaitan dengan resistensi antimikroba menurut data dari Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). Listeria monocytogenes dan Escherichia coli merupakan contoh bakteri penyebab food-borne disease yang rentan mengalami resistensi antibiotik. Penelitian mengenai aktivitas antibakteri dari Pleurotus cystidiosus masih terbatas dibandingkan Pleurotus ostreatus. Variasi pelarut polar dan semi polar, perbedaan jenis bakteri, dan penggunaan ekstrak kental tanpa modifikasi juga menjadi faktor yang melatarbelakangi perlu dilakukannya penelitian ini. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol P. cystidiosus terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri L. monocytogenes dan E. coli dan mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etil asetat P. cystidiosus terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri L. monocytogenes dan E. coli. 
Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental dengan variabel bebas penelitian berupa jenis pelarut, yaitu etanol dan etil asetat serta jenis bakteri, yaitu L. monocytogenes dan E. coli, sedangkan variabel terikat berupa aktivitas antibakteri. Parameter utama penelitian berupa diameter zona hambat, nilai Minimum Inhibitory concentration (MIC), dan Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), sedangkan parameter pendukung penelitian berupa kandungan senyawa bioaktif pada ekstrak P. cystidiosus yang diuji dengan metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT). Data zona hambat pertumbuhan bakteri, MIC dan MBC yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif dan disajikan dalam bentuk gambar dan tabel. Data zona hambat pertumbuhan bakteri diukur dan ditentukan kemampuannya berdasarkan standar zona hambat antibiotik. Informasi mengenai kandungan senyawa bioaktif pada uji KLT yang digunakan sebagai parameter pendukung dianalisis secara deskriptif berdasarkan nilai Rf dan warna noda setelah diberi pereaksi semprot.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa baik ekstrak etanol maupun etil asetat P. cystidiosus memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap L. monocytogenes dan E. coli. Hasil uji difusi cakram menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol P. cystidiosus memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang tergolong kuat pada L. monocytogenes, sedangkan efek terhadap bakteri E. coli tergolong sedang. Hasil uji difusi cakram ekstrak etil asetat P. cystidiosus menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri yang tergolong kuat, baik terhadap bakteri L. monocytogenes maupun E. coli. Hasil uji MIC ekstrak etanol P. cystidiosus terhadap L. monocytogenes dan E. coli diperoleh pada konsentrasi berturut-turut 25% b/v dan 50% b/v, sedangkan hasil uji MIC ekstrak etil asetat P. cystidiosus terhadap L. monocytogenes dan E. coli diperoleh pada konsentrasi berturut-turut 12,5% b/v dan 25% b/v. Nilai MBC tidak dapat ditentukan karena ekstrak etanol dan etil asetat P. cystidiosus tidak memiliki efek bakterisidal. Hasil uji KLT menunjukkan ekstrak etanol dan etil asetat mengandung senyawa tanin, flavonoid, alkaloid, dan terpenoid. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu ekstrak etanol maupun etil asetat P. cystidiosus memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri L. monocytogenes dan E. coli, namun hanya bersifat bakteriostatik.

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

Indonesia ranks 72nd out of 204 countries in terms of mortality from infections related to antimicrobial resistance, according to the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli are examples of bacteria that cause food-borne diseases that are prone to antibiotic resistance. Research on the antibacterial activity of Pleurotus cystidiosus is still limited compared to Pleurotus ostreatus. Variations in polar and semi-polar solvents, differences in bacterial types, and the use of pure extracts without modification are the conditions that underlie the need for research on the antibacterial activity of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of P. cystidiosus against the growth of L. monocytogenes and E. coli. The objectives of this study were to determine the antibacterial activity of P. cystidiosus ethanol extract against the growth of L. monocytogenes and E. coli and to determine the antibacterial activity of P. cystidiosus ethyl acetate extract against the growth of L. monocytogenes and E. coli. 
This research was conducted using experimental methods with independent variables such as ethanol and ethyl acetate solvents and bacteria such as L. monocytogenes and E. coli, while the dependent variable was antibacterial activity. The main parameters of the study were the diameter of the inhibition zone, Minimum Inhibitory concentration (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal concentration (MBC) values, while the supporting parameters were the content of bioactive compounds in the P. cystidiosus extract, which was tested using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The data on the bacterial growth inhibition zone, MIC, and MBC obtained will be analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of figures and tables. The bacterial growth inhibition zone data were measured and determined based on the antibiotic inhibition zone standard. Information about the bioactive compound content in the TLC test, which is used as a supporting parameter, is analyzed descriptively based on the Rf value and the color of the spot after spraying with reagent.
The results of this research show that both the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of P. cystidiosus exhibit antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes and E. coli. The disk diffusion test results showed that the ethanol extract of P. cystidiosus exhibited strong antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes, while its effect on E. coli was moderate. The disk diffusion test results for the ethyl acetate extract of P. cystidiosus showed strong antibacterial activity against both L. monocytogenes and E. coli. The MIC results for the P. cystidiosus ethanol extract against L. monocytogenes and E. coli were obtained at concentrations of 25% w/v and 50% w/v, respectively, while the MIC results for the P. cystidiosus ethyl acetate extract against L. monocytogenes and E. coli were obtained at concentrations of 12.5% w/v and 25% w/v, respectively. MBC values could not be determined because the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of P. cystidiosus did not exhibit bactericidal effects. The TLC test results showed that the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts contained tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids. The conclusion of this research is that both the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of P. cystidiosus exhibit antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes and E. coli.

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