Update Artikelilmiah: 54927

DEWI TRI ARNETA

NIM

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Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

Stomata merupakan struktur penting pada daun yang berperan dalam mengatur pertukaran gas antara tanaman dan lingkungan. Pembukaan stomata memungkinkan karbon dioksida (CO₂) masuk ke dalam daun untuk mendukung fotosintesis, tetapi juga meningkatkan kehilangan air melalui transpirasi. Oleh karena itu, pembukaan stomata yang optimal diperlukan untuk mempertahankan keseimbangan antara pemasukan CO₂ dan kehilangan air. Respons pembukaan stomata dipengaruhi oleh kondisi mikroklimat, seperti intensitas cahaya, suhu, dan kelembapan relatif. Plant factory menyediakan lingkungan budidaya terkendali yang memungkinkan kondisi mikroklimat dan respons fisiologis tanaman diamati secara lebih terarah. Namun, hubungan antara kondisi mikroklimat dan lebar bukaan stomata basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) pada sistem plant factory masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik mikroklimat di dalam plant factory, menganalisis hubungan antara intensitas cahaya, suhu, dan kelembapan relatif terhadap lebar bukaan stomata, serta mendeskripsikan perubahan lebar bukaan stomata tanaman basil pada beberapa waktu pengamatan selama fase terang.
Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Teknik Pengelolaan dan Pengendalian Bio-Lingkungan, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman menggunakan sistem hidroponik ebb and flow di dalam plant factory dengan pencahayaan LED merah dan biru (3:1) serta fotoperiode 16 jam terang dan 8 jam gelap. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan analisis korelasional. Data mikroklimat berupa intensitas cahaya, suhu, dan kelembapan relatif direkam secara otomatis menggunakan sensor BH1750 dan SHT20 Modbus selama 40 hari. Data intensitas cahaya hasil pengukuran sensor kemudian dikalibrasi dan dikonversi ke satuan Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD). Pengamatan lebar bukaan stomata dilakukan setiap delapan hari sekali pada pukul 08.00, 12.00, dan 17.00 WIB menggunakan metode leaf printing pada permukaan abaksial daun yang diamati dengan mikroskop perbesaran 400×. Analisis data meliputi statistik deskriptif, uji normalitas Shapiro–Wilk, uji korelasi Pearson dan Spearman sesuai karakteristik data, serta regresi polinomial orde dua.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi mikroklimat di dalam plant factory relatif stabil dengan tingkat keragaman yang rendah. Nilai intensitas cahaya yang telah dikonversi ke PPFD selama 40 hari pengamatan berkisar antara 74,8–87,3 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹. Berdasarkan 15 data pengamatan stomata, hasil uji korelasi Spearman menunjukkan bahwa intensitas cahaya memiliki hubungan positif sedang dan signifikan dengan lebar bukaan stomata (r = 0,592; p = 0,020). Suhu juga menunjukkan hubungan positif sedang dan signifikan dengan lebar bukaan stomata (r = 0,572; p = 0,026), sedangkan kelembapan relatif menunjukkan hubungan negatif lemah dan tidak signifikan (r = −0,339; p = 0,216). Lebar bukaan stomata menunjukkan perubahan pada waktu pengamatan selama fase terang. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa perubahan lebar bukaan stomata basil berkaitan dengan kondisi mikroklimat, terutama intensitas cahaya dan suhu, sedangkan hubungan dengan kelembapan relatif tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang nyata. Penelitian ini memberikan informasi mengenai karakteristik respons pembukaan stomata basil terhadap kondisi mikroklimat pada lingkungan plant factory dan dapat menjadi dasar bagi penelitian selanjutnya terkait pengelolaan mikroklimat dan respons fisiologis tanaman pada sistem budidaya terkendali.

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

Stomata are important leaf structures that regulate gas exchange between plants and their surrounding environment. Stomatal opening allows carbon dioxide (CO₂) to enter the leaf to support photosynthesis, but it also increases water loss through transpiration. Therefore, optimal stomatal opening is required to maintain a balance between CO₂ uptake and water loss. Stomatal opening responses are influenced by microclimate conditions, including light intensity, temperature, and relative humidity. A plant factory provides a controlled cultivation environment that allows microclimate conditions and plant physiological responses to be observed more systematically. However, the relationship between microclimate conditions and stomatal aperture width of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in a plant factory remains limited. This study aimed to analyze the microclimate characteristics inside a plant factory, analyze the relationships between light intensity, temperature, and relative humidity and stomatal aperture width, and describe changes in basil stomatal aperture width at several observation times during the light period.
The research was conducted at the Bio-Environmental Management and Control Engineering Laboratory, Jenderal Soedirman University, using an ebb and flow hydroponic system inside a plant factory equipped with red and blue LED lighting (3:1) under a 16-hour light and 8-hour dark photoperiod. A quantitative descriptive approach with correlational analysis was employed. Microclimate data, consisting of light intensity, temperature, and relative humidity, were automatically recorded using BH1750 and SHT20 Modbus sensors for 40 days. The measured light intensity data were calibrated and converted into Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD). Stomatal aperture width was observed every eight days at 08:00, 12:00, and 17:00 using the leaf-printing method on the abaxial leaf surface under a 400× light microscope. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses according to data characteristics, and second-order polynomial regression.
The results showed that the microclimate conditions inside the plant factory were relatively stable with low variability. Light intensity values converted into PPFD during the 40-day observation period ranged from 74.8 to 87.3 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹. Based on 15 stomatal observation data points, Spearman correlation analysis showed that light intensity had a moderate positive and significant relationship with stomatal aperture width (r = 0.592; p = 0.020). Temperature also showed a moderate positive and significant relationship with stomatal aperture width (r = 0.572; p = 0.026), whereas relative humidity showed a weak negative and non-significant relationship (r = −0.339; p = 0.216). Stomatal aperture width varied across the observation times during the light period. These results indicate that changes in basil stomatal aperture width were associated with microclimate conditions, particularly light intensity and temperature, while the relationship with relative humidity was not significant. This study provides information on the characteristics of basil stomatal responses to microclimate conditions in a plant factory and may serve as a basis for further studies on microclimate management and plant physiological responses in controlled cultivation systems.

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