Update Artikelilmiah: 54921

MUHAMMAD ROMI RAIHAN

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Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

Padi (Oryza sativa L.) merupakan komoditas pangan strategis di Indonesia sehingga pengembangan varietas unggul dengan produktivitas tinggi, umur genjah, dan sifat aromatik menjadi salah satu prioritas dalam program pemuliaan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan menduga keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas berbagai karakter agronomi, serta mengidentifikasi genotipe F₂ hasil persilangan Rojolele >< Inpari 32 yang mewarisi kombinasi sifat umur berbunga genjah, aromatik, dan berdaya hasil tinggi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di screenhouse dan Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman dan Bioteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, menggunakan rancangan augmented design yang terdiri atas 35 genotipe F₂ dan empat varietas pembanding. Karakter yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan total, jumlah anakan produktif, umur berbunga, panjang malai, jumlah gabah per malai, persentase gabah isi, bobot gabah per rumpun, bobot 1.000 biji, dan sifat aromatik. Data dianalisis melalui pendugaan ragam genetik, koefisien keragaman genetik (KKG), heritabilitas arti luas, serta seleksi individu menggunakan metode Least Significant Increase (LSI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah anakan total, jumlah anakan produktif, jumlah gabah per malai, persentase gabah isi, bobot gabah per rumpun, dan sifat aromatik memiliki KKG tinggi, sedangkan tinggi tanaman dan bobot 1.000 biji berkategori sedang, serta umur berbunga dan panjang malai berkategori rendah. Sebagian besar karakter memiliki heritabilitas arti luas tinggi, kecuali panjang malai yang berkategori sedang. Seleksi menghasilkan 12 genotipe terpilih, yaitu D1, D6, D7, D11, D12, D16, D22, D28, D29, D31, D33, dan D35. Genotipe-genotipe tersebut layak diprioritaskan pada tahap seleksi berikutnya karena mewarisi sifat umur berbunga, aromatik, dan daya hasil yang tinggi.

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a strategic food crop in Indonesia; therefore, developing superior cultivars with high yield potential, early flowering, and aromatic grain quality remains a major objective of rice breeding programs. This study aimed to estimate the genetic variability and broad-sense heritability of agronomic traits and to identify F₂ genotypes derived from the cross between Rojolele and Inpari 32 that inherited the desirable combination of early flowering, aroma, and high yield potential. The experiment was conducted in a screenhouse and the Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, using an augmented design consisting of 35 F₂ genotypes and four check varieties. The observed traits included plant height, total tiller number, productive tiller number, flowering time, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, filled grain percentage, grain weight per hill, 1,000-grain weight, and aroma. Data were analyzed by estimating genetic variance, genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), broad-sense heritability, and genotype selection using the Least Significant Increase (LSI) method. The results showed that total tiller number, productive tiller number, grains per panicle, filled grain percentage, grain weight per hill, and aroma exhibited high genetic variability, whereas plant height and 1,000-grain weight showed moderate variability, and flowering time and panicle length showed low variability. Most traits exhibited high broad-sense heritability, except panicle length, which showed moderate heritability. Selection identified 12 genotypes: D1, D6, D7, D11, D12, D16, D22, D28, D29, D31, D33, dan D35. These genotypes should be prioritized in the next stage of selection because they possess desirable traits, including early flowering, aromatic characteristics, and high yield.

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