Update Artikelilmiah: 54919

MUHAMMAD HANIF MEPONANGI

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Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

Padi (Oryza sativa L.) adalah komoditas pangan utama di Indonesia yang terus dikembangkan melalui program pemuliaan tanaman untuk menghasilkan varietas unggul. Salah satu tahapan dalam pemuliaan adalah analisis segregasi pada populasi F2 yang memiliki keragaman genetik tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola segregasi sifat aromatik dan umur berbunga pada populasi F2 hasil persilangan Pandanwangi × Inpari 32 serta memperoleh genotipe yang mewarisi sifat unggul kedua tetua. Penelitian menggunakan 90 genotipe F2 dengan analisis uji normalitas Liliefors, uji Chi square, serta analisis skewness dan kurtosis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sifat aromatik dan umur berbunga mengikuti nisbah segregasi 9:7 yang mengindikasikan adanya aksi gen epistasis resesif ganda. Nisbah segregasi 9:7 menunjukkan pengendalian oleh dua gen komplementer (epistasis resesif), dengan fenotipe dominan muncul jika kedua gen membawa alel dominan. Melalui seleksi menggunakan Least Significant Increas (LSI), diperoleh sembilan genotipe terpilih, yaitu F60, F2, F81, F42, F38, F8, F4, F22, dan F26 yang memiliki aroma khas Pandanwangi, umur berbunga lebih genjah, dan produktivitas yang baik.

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops in Indonesia. The F2 population derived from hybridization possesses high genetic variability and is widely used in rice breeding programs. This study aimed to identify the F2 characters suitable for segregation analysis, determine the segregation pattern and the number of genes controlling aromatic trait and flowering time, and select superior F2 genotypes derived from the cross between Pandanwangi and Inpari 32.
The study was conducted using 90 F2 genotypes. Data were analyzed using the Liliefors normality test, Chi-square test for non-normally distributed characters, and skewness and kurtosis analyses for normally distributed characters.
The results showed that aroma, total tiller number, flowering time, panicle length, percentage of filled grains per panicle, and 1000-grain weight were not normally distributed, whereas productive tiller number, number of grains per panicle, and grain weight per hill were normally distributed. The aromatic trait and flowering time fitted the 9:7 segregation ratio, indicating duplicate recessive epistasis. 9:7 segregation ratio suggests that the trait is controlled by two complementary genes (recessive epistasis), with the dominant phenotype expressed only when both genes carry dominant alleles. Based on the Least Significant Increas (LSI), genotypes F60, F2, F81, F42, F38, F8, F4, F22, and F26 were identified as superior genotypes combining the desirable traits of both parents, including aroma, earlier flowering, and good productivity.

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