Update Artikelilmiah: 54785

EFIRA CITRA ANDHINI GUNAWAN

NIM

Judul Artikel

Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

Latar Belakang: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) merupakan gangguan perkembangan sistem saraf pada anak yang berdampak pada kemampuan berkomunikasi serta menjalin hubungan sosial. Gangguan ini ditandai oleh adanya hambatan dan keterlambatan dalam aspek kognitif, bahasa, perilaku, serta interaksi sosial. Tujuan: Mengetahui profil klinis anak dengan ASD dan mengidentifikasi faktor risiko yang terkait berdasarkan data rekam medis di RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo periode 2022-2026. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan retrospektif. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling, yaitu pemilihan sampel berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditetapkan peneliti.  Hasil: Kesimpulan: Dari 82 anak dengan Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), sebagian besar berjenis kelamin laki-laki sebanyak 57 (69,51%) dan berada pada rentang usia 5–12 tahun sebanyak 54 (65,85%). Karakteristik faktor risiko yang paling banyak ditemukan meliputi riwayat kelahiran preterm sebanyak 43 (52,44%), jarak antar kehamilan <2 tahun sebanyak 26 (31,71%), status IMT ibu sebelum hamil underweight sebanyak 33 (40,20%), persalinan normal sebanyak 55 (67,07%), pemberian ASI eksklusif lengkap sebanyak 68 (82,90%), paparan screen time berlebih (>1 jam/hari) sejak usia <2 tahun sebanyak 46 (56,10%), serta kunjungan ANC lengkap sebanyak 46 (56,10%). Sebagian besar subjek tidak memiliki riwayat asfiksia lahir sebanyak 48 (58,50%), infeksi maternal selama kehamilan sebanyak 70 (85,37%), maupun kejang sebanyak 51 (62,20%). Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan: Dari 82 anak dengan Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) yang diteliti, sebagian besar berjenis kelamin laki-laki dan berada pada rentang usia 5–12 tahun. Karakteristik faktor risiko yang paling banyak ditemukan meliputi riwayat kelahiran preterm, jarak antar kehamilan <2 tahun, status IMT ibu sebelum kehamilan underweight, persalinan normal, pemberian ASI eksklusif yang lengkap, paparan screen time berlebih sejak dini, serta kelengkapan kunjungan ANC. Sebagian besar subjek tidak memiliki riwayat asfiksia lahir, infeksi maternal selama kehamilan, maupun kejang dengan atau tanpa demam.

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder in children that affects their ability to communicate and establish social relationships. This disorder is characterized by impairments and delays in cognitive, language, behavioral, and social interaction aspects. Objective: To determine the clinical profile of children with ASD and identify associated risk factors based on medical record data at Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Regional General Hospital during the 2022–2026 period. Methods: This study employed a quantitative descriptive research design with a retrospective approach. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, in which samples were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria established by the researchers. Results: The study included 82 children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Most of the subjects were male, with 57 (69.51%) participants, and were aged 5–12 years, with 54 (65.85%) participants. The most frequently observed risk factor characteristics included a history of preterm birth in 43 (52.44%) participants, an interpregnancy interval of <2 years in 26 (31.71%) participants, maternal pre-pregnancy underweight status in 33 (40.20%) participants, vaginal delivery in 55 (67.07%) participants, complete exclusive breastfeeding in 68 (82.90%) participants, excessive screen time exposure (>1 hour/day) before the age of 2 years in 46 (56.10%) participants, and complete ANC visits in 46 (56.10%) participants. Most subjects had no history of birth asphyxia, accounting for 48 (58.50%) participants, no history of maternal infection during pregnancy, accounting for 70 (85.37%) participants, and no history of seizures, accounting for 51 (62.20%) participants. Conclusion: Among the 82 children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) included in this study, most were male and aged 5–12 years. The most frequently observed risk factor characteristics included a history of preterm birth, an interpregnancy interval of <2 years, maternal pre-pregnancy underweight status, vaginal delivery, complete exclusive breastfeeding, excessive early-life screen time exposure, and complete ANC visits. Most subjects had no history of birth asphyxia, maternal infection during pregnancy, or seizures with or without fever.

Kata kunci

Pembimbing 1

Pembimbing 2

Pembimbing 3

Tahun

Jumlah Halaman