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Antibacterial Effect of Mimosa pudica Extract On Salmonella typhi Bacteria
Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)
Typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi remains a public health problem, while increasing antibiotic resistance is driving the search for alternative antibacterial agents derived from natural sources. The leaves of the sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica L.) are known to contain secondary metabolites with potential antibacterial activity. Research that specifically and thoroughly evaluates the effectiveness of M. pudica extract against S. typhi is still limited, so further research is needed to strengthen the scientific evidence and support its development as an antibacterial alternative. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an ethanol extract of sensitive plant leaves in inhibiting the growth of S. typhi using the disk diffusion method and to determine the most effective concentration of the extract. The research was conducted experimentally using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatments were five extract concentrations (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%) which each replicated three times to produce 21 experimental units. The independent variable in this study was concentration extract of M. pudica, while the dependent variable was antibacterial activity of M. pudica extract against S. typhi. The main parameter was inhibition zone diameter and the supporting parameters include Optical Density (OD), MIC values, bioactive compound of extract, and the antioxidant activity. The extract was obtained via maceration using 96% ethanol, followed by phytochemical screening, an antioxidant activity assay using the DPPH method, an antibacterial activity assay using the disk diffusion method, and determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Data on inhibition zone diameters were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s HSD test at a 95% confidence level. The ethanol extract of M. pudica leaves yielded 1.55% and contained flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins. All extract concentrations were able to inhibit the growth of S. typhi, with average inhibition zone diameters of 7.00, 8.30, 8.67, 12.27, and 12.38 mm at concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%, respectively. The results of the one-way ANOVA indicated a significant effect of extract concentration on the inhibition zone diameter (p < 0.05), while the Tukey HSD test showed that the 80% concentration determined to the effective concentration. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract against S. typhi was 6.25%. Antioxidant activity testing showed an IC₅₀ value of 147.1 ppm, which falls into the moderate antioxidant category. This indicate that the ethanol extract of M. pudica leaves exhibits antibacterial activity against S. typhi, suggesting its potential for development as a natural source of antibacterial agents.
Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)
Typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi remains a public health problem, while increasing antibiotic resistance is driving the search for alternative antibacterial agents derived from natural sources. The leaves of the sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica L.) are known to contain secondary metabolites with potential antibacterial activity. Research that specifically and thoroughly evaluates the effectiveness of M. pudica extract against S. typhi is still limited, so further research is needed to strengthen the scientific evidence and support its development as an antibacterial alternative. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an ethanol extract of sensitive plant leaves in inhibiting the growth of S. typhi using the disk diffusion method and to determine the most effective concentration of the extract. The research was conducted experimentally using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatments were five extract concentrations (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%) which each replicated three times to produce 21 experimental units. The independent variable in this study was concentration extract of M. pudica, while the dependent variable was antibacterial activity of M. pudica extract against S. typhi. The main parameter was inhibition zone diameter and the supporting parameters include Optical Density (OD), MIC values, bioactive compound of extract, and the antioxidant activity. The extract was obtained via maceration using 96% ethanol, followed by phytochemical screening, an antioxidant activity assay using the DPPH method, an antibacterial activity assay using the disk diffusion method, and determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Data on inhibition zone diameters were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s HSD test at a 95% confidence level. The ethanol extract of M. pudica leaves yielded 1.55% and contained flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins. All extract concentrations were able to inhibit the growth of S. typhi, with average inhibition zone diameters of 7.00, 8.30, 8.67, 12.27, and 12.38 mm at concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%, respectively. The results of the one-way ANOVA indicated a significant effect of extract concentration on the inhibition zone diameter (p < 0.05), while the Tukey HSD test showed that the 80% concentration determined to the effective concentration. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract against S. typhi was 6.25%. Antioxidant activity testing showed an IC₅₀ value of 147.1 ppm, which falls into the moderate antioxidant category. This indicate that the ethanol extract of M. pudica leaves exhibits antibacterial activity against S. typhi, suggesting its potential for development as a natural source of antibacterial agents.
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