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TRI ANGGA PRASETYO

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Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

Tanaman kubis (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) merupakan komoditas hortikultura yang banyak dikonsumsi di Indonesia, namun produksinya sering menurun akibat serangan hama salah satunya Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1753). Upaya pengendalian hama diperlukan untuk mempertahankan produksi komoditas ini, salah satunya melalui pestisida nabati yang lebih ramah lingkungan dibandingkan pestisida kimia, seperti ekstrak daun pepaya (Carica papaya L.) dan daun kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak daun pepaya dan daun kenikir, baik secara tunggal maupun kombinasi dalam menekan intensitas serangan dan populasi P. xylostella, pengaruh terhadap berbagai jenis hama, musuh alami, serangga peran lain, fitotoksisitas, dan bobot krop segar kubis. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri atas lima perlakuan dan lima ulangan, yaitu kontrol, insektisida berbahan aktif klorantraniliprol, ekstrak daun pepaya, ekstrak daun kenikir, dan kombinasi keduanya dengan total 450 tanaman. Variabel yang diamati meliputi intensitas serangan dan populasi P. xylostella, populasi hama, musuh alami, serangga peran lain, fitotoksisitas, dan bobot krop segar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi ekstrak daun pepaya dan daun kenikir mampu menurunkan intensitas serangan masing-masing sebesar 1,38% dan 1,12% dengan populasi hama menurun hingga 0,06 dan 0,08 larva/tanaman. Perlakuan kombinasi kedua ekstrak juga mampu menekan intensitas serangan dan populasi hama, meskipun efektivitasnya masih berada di bawah perlakuan tunggal. Di sisi lain, seluruh perlakuan tidak memengaruhi populasi hama non-target, musuh alami, serangga peran lain, maupun bobot krop kubis, serta tidak menimbulkan gejala fitotoksisitas. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun pepaya dan daun kenikir berpotensi digunakan sebagai pestisida nabati yang efektif, selektif, dan aman dalam mengendalikan P. xylostella pada tanaman kubis.

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) is a widely consumed horticultural crop in Indonesia, but its production often declines due to pest infestations, one of which is Plutella xylostella. Pest control measures are necessary to maintain the production of this crop, including the use of botanical pesticides which are more environmentally friendly than chemical pesticides such as papaya (Carica papaya L.) leaf extract and kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth) leaf extract. This study aimed to determine the effect of papaya leaf and kenikir leaf extracts both individually and in combination on reducing the intensity of infestation and the population of P. xylostella, as well as their effects on various pest species, natural enemies, other insects, phytotoxicity, and the fresh weight of cabbage. The study was conducted using an experimental method with a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of five treatments and five replicates: control, an insecticide containing the active ingredient chlorantraniliprole, papaya leaf extract, kenikir leaf extract, and a combination of the two, for a total of 450 plants. The variables observed included the intensity of infestation and population of P. xylostella, pest population, natural enemies, other insects, phytotoxicity, and fresh crop weight. The results showed that the application of papaya leaf extract and kenikir leaf extract reduced attack intensity by 1.38% and 1.12%, respectively, with pest populations decreasing to 0.06 and 0.08 larvae per plant. The combined treatment of both extracts also reduced attack intensity and pest populations, although its effectiveness was still lower than that of the single treatments. On the other hand, none of the treatments affected the populations of non-target pests, natural enemies, or other insects, nor did they affect cabbage yield; furthermore, they did not cause any symptoms of phytotoxicity. These results indicate that papaya leaf and kenikir leaf extracts have the potential to be used as effective, selective, and safe botanical pesticides for controlling P. xylostella on cabbage plants.

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