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MAZAYA AMALIA PUTRI

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Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

Virus SARS-CoV-2 telah menyebabkan pandemi global COVID-19 dengan tingkat penularan dan kematian yang tinggi. Tenaga kesehatan (nakes) merupakan kelompok yang sangat rentan dibandingkan populasi umum karena frekuensi kontak langsung dengan pasien. Ancaman terus meningkat dengan munculnya varian Omicron yang meningkatkan kemampuan virus untuk menghindari netralisasi antibodi dari infeksi alami maupun vaksinasi, sehingga berpotensi menurunkan proteksi imun. Permasalahan utama penelitian ini adalah bagaimana perbandingan kemampuan netralisasi antibodi terhadap virus wild type (Wuhan) dan varian Omicron pada tenaga kesehatan, serta bagaimana distribusinya berdasarkan faktor epidemiologi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan titer antibodi netralisasi terhadap kedua varian tersebut dan mendeskripsikan distribusinya berdasarkan karakteristik subjek guna mendukung strategi vaksinasi dan perlindungan tenaga kesehatan.
Metode yang digunakan adalah uji netralisasi antibodi dengan live virus yang dapat mengukur kemampuan antibodi menghambat virus yang menginfeksi sel. Uji netralisasi mengukur fungsi antibodi yang mampu dan tidak mampu mencegah virus menginfeksi sel sehingga lebih menggambarkan langsung korelasi proteksi tubuh. Uji netralisasi antibodi pada populasi berisiko tinggi seperti tenaga kesehatan penting dilakukan karena tingginya paparan terhadap SARS-CoV-2. Uji netralisasi penting untuk meninjau efektivitas imunitas tubuh, mengevaluasi efikasi vaksinasi, serta menentukan kebutuhan dosis booster guna mengurangi risiko infeksi dan transmisi di lingkungan kerja. Hasil titer netralisasi antibodi diuji normalitasnya menggunakan Saphiro-Wilk yang membuktikan data tidak normal sehingga dilanjut dengan analisis dengan Wilcoxon signed-rank serta dianalisis deskriptif berdasarkan karakteristik epidemiologi.
Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa responden didominasi oleh kelompok usia paruh baya, berjenis kelamin perempuan, memiliki riwayat vaksinasi primer dan booster, serta seluruhnya memiliki riwayat infeksi sebelumnya. Titer antibodi netralisasi terhadap strain Wuhan terbukti lebih tinggi dibandingkan terhadap varian Omicron, dengan median titer pada kelompok dewasa dan kelompok laki-laki masing-masing lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok paruh baya dan perempuan. Selain itu, subjek yang menerima vaksinasi booster memiliki median titer tertinggi terhadap strain Wuhan, sedangkan penerima vaksinasi primer menunjukkan titer terendah terhadap kedua varian. Namun, karena semua responden memiliki riwayat infeksi yang sama (homogen), hal ini menjadi keterbatasan utama penelitian, sehingga untuk penelitian mendatang disarankan melibatkan subjek dengan karakteristik riwayat infeksi yang lebih beragam agar analisis faktor epidemiologi dapat dilakukan secara lebih komprehensif dan hasilnya lebih tergeneralisasi.

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused the global COVID-19 pandemic, characterized by high rates of transmission and mortality. Healthcare workers are a highly vulnerable group compared to the general population due to the frequency of direct contact with patients. The threat continues to escalate with the emergence of the Omicron variant, which enhances the virus’s ability to evade antibody neutralization from both natural infection and vaccination, thereby potentially reducing immune protection. The main research question is how the neutralizing antibody titers against the wild-type (Wuhan) virus and the Omicron variant compare in healthcare workers, and how they are distributed based on epidemiological factors. Therefore, this study aims to compare neutralizing antibody titers against these two variants and describe their distribution based on subject characteristics to support vaccination strategies and the protection of healthcare workers.
The method used is an antibody neutralization assay with live virus, which measures the ability of antibodies to inhibit the virus from infecting cells. The neutralization assay measures the function of antibodies that are and are not capable of preventing the virus from infecting cells, thereby more directly reflecting the body’s protective response. Conducting antibody neutralization assays in high-risk populations such as healthcare workers is crucial due to their high exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Neutralization tests are important for assessing the effectiveness of the body’s immunity, evaluating the efficacy of vaccination, and determining the need for booster doses to reduce the risk of infection and transmission in the workplace. The normality of the antibody neutralization titer results was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test, which indicated that the data were not normally distributed; therefore, the analysis was continued using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and descriptive analysis based on epidemiological characteristics.
The results of this study show that the respondents were predominantly middle-aged, female, had a history of primary and booster vaccinations, and all had a history of previous infection. Neutralizing antibody titers against the Wuhan strain were found to be higher than those against the Omicron variant, with median titers in the adult and male groups being higher than those in the middle-aged and female groups, respectively. Additionally, subjects who received a booster dose had the highest median titers against the Wuhan strain, while those who received only the primary vaccination series showed the lowest titers against both variants. However, since all participants had the same (homogeneous) infection history, this constitutes a major limitation of the study; therefore, for future research, it is recommended to include participants with a more diverse infection history so that epidemiological factor analysis can be conducted more comprehensively and the results can be more widely generalized.

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