Update Artikelilmiah: 53972

AHMAD ZAINAL ABIDIN

NIM

Judul Artikel

Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

Pengeringan merupakan salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk mengawetkan hasil pertanian karena mampu menurunkan kadar air dan memperlambat proses kerusakan. Alat pengering surya tipe rak menjadi alternatif dari pengeringan konvensional, tetapi kinerjanya masih dipengaruhi oleh intensitas radiasi matahari yang fluktuatif, sehingga suhu ruang pengering menjadi tidak stabil akibat kehilangan panas (heat loss) melalui dinding kolektor. Alat dimodifikasi dengan menambahkan isolator berupa kombinasi multipleks dan sterofoam pada dinding luar ruang kolektor untuk menekan heat loss, serta heater di dalam ruang pengering sebagai sumber panas tambahan ketika radiasi surya rendah atau tidak ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) menganalisis kinerja isolator pada ruang kolektor dalam mengurangi kehilangan panas serta kaitannya dengan karakteristik termal ruang pengering, dan 2) menganalisis karakteristik termal ruang pengering dengan penambahan heater sebagai sumber panas tambahan.
Penelitian dilaksanakan di lingkungan Jurusan Teknologi Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jenderal Soedirman pada bulan September 2025 hingga Februari 2026. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memodifikasi alat pengering surya tipe rak melalui penambahan isolator berupa kombinasi multipleks (tebal 2 cm) dan sterofoam (tebal 1,5 cm) pada dinding luar ruang kolektor, serta penambahan heater tipe plat 210 Watt di dalam ruang pengering, sumber energi heater dari batterai 120 Ah. Pengambilan data dibagi menjadi dua tahap, yaitu pukul 08.00–16.00 WIB untuk mengamati kinerja isolator dan pukul 17.00–20.00 WIB untuk mengamati kinerja heater. Variabel yang diukur meliputi suhu, kelembapan relatif, kecepatan udara, dan intensitas radiasi surya yang digunakan untuk menghitung energi sumber, energi terpakai, heat loss, dan efisiensi. Data dianalisis secara kuantitatif dan deskriptif, kemudian disajikan dalam bentuk grafik dan tabel.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan isolator kombinasi sterofoam dan multipleks pada dinding luar kolektor terbukti mampu mengurangi kehilangan panas pada sistem kolektor. Kehilangan panas konduksi tanpa isolator sebesar 825,70 W sedangkan dengan isolator kombinasi sebesar 56,53 W. Penambahan isolator meningkatkan efisiensi kolektor dari 46,17% menjadi 55,96% serta efisiensi alat pengering dari 20,84% menjadi 24,61%. Penambahan isolator juga dapat meningkatkan suhu ruang pengering yang ditunjukkan oleh selisih suhu ruang pengering terhadap lingkungan yang lebih tinggi pada perlakuan dengan isolator mencapai 8,1°C, lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan tanpa isolator sebesar 3,8°C. Penambahan heater sebagai sumber panas tambahan mampu mempertahankan suhu ruang pengering secara konsisten pada 38°C hingga 45,7°C dengan selisih suhu terhadap lingkungan 8°C–15°C selama pukul 17.00–20.00 WIB. Kelembapan relatif ruang pengering juga secara konsisten lebih rendah dibandingkan lingkungan dengan selisih tertinggi 16%. Efisiensi heater diperoleh sebesar 80,86%, menunjukkan heater bekerja efektif dalam mengkonversi energi listrik menjadi energi termal untuk proses pengeringan.

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

Drying is one of the methods used to preserve agricultural products because it can reduce moisture content and slow down the deterioration process. The rack-type solar dryer serves as an alternative to conventional drying, but its performance is still affected by fluctuating solar radiation intensity, causing the drying chamber temperature to become unstable due to heat loss through the collector walls. The device was modified by adding an insulator consisting of a combination of plywood and styrofoam on the outer wall of the collector chamber to reduce heat loss, as well as a heater inside the drying chamber as an additional heat source when solar radiation is low or absent. This research aims to 1) analyze the performance of the insulator in the collector chamber in reducing heat loss and its relationship to the thermal characteristics of the drying chamber, and 2) analyze the thermal characteristics of the drying chamber with the addition of a heater as an additional heat source.
The research was conducted at the Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, from September 2025 to February 2026. The research was carried out by modifying the rack-type solar dryer through the addition of an insulator consisting of a combination of plywood (2 cm thick) and styrofoam (1.5 cm thick) on the outer wall of the collector chamber, as well as the addition of a 210-Watt plate-type heater inside the drying chamber. Data collection was divided into two stages, namely 08.00–16.00 WIB to observe the performance of the insulator and 17.00–20.00 WIB to observe the performance of the heater. The measured variables included temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, and solar radiation intensity, which were used to calculate the source energy, useful energy, heat loss, and efficiency. The data were analyzed quantitatively and descriptively, then presented in the form of graphs and tables.
The results showed that the addition of a combined styrofoam and plywood insulator on the outer wall of the collector was proven to reduce heat loss in the collector system. The conductive heat loss without insulation was 825.70 W, while with the combined insulation it was 56.53 W. The addition of insulation increased the collector efficiency from 46.17% to 55.96% and the dryer efficiency from 20.84% to 24.61%. The addition of insulation also increased the drying chamber temperature, as indicated by the higher temperature difference between the drying chamber and the ambient environment in the insulated treatment, which reached 8.1°C, compared to 3.8°C in the treatment without insulation. The addition of a heater as an additional heat source was able to consistently maintain the drying chamber temperature between 38°C and 45.7°C, with a temperature difference of 8°C–15°C compared to the ambient environment during 17.00–20.00 WIB. The relative humidity of the drying chamber was also consistently lower than the ambient environment, with a maximum difference of 16%. The heater efficiency was obtained at 80.86%, indicating that the heater worked effectively in converting electrical energy into thermal energy for the drying process.

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