Update Artikelilmiah: 53949

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Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) merupakan komoditas hortikultura bernilai ekonomi tinggi yang umumnya dibudidayakan di dataran tinggi. Keterbatasan lahan di dataran tinggi mendorong pengembangan budidaya kentang pada dataran medium, namun keberhasilannya sangat dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik media tanam yang mampu menyediakan air, udara, dan unsur hara secara optimal. Selain itu, kondisi lingkungan budidaya juga dapat memengaruhi perubahan sifat fisik dan kimia media tanam selama pertumbuhan tanaman. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh jenis media tanam dan kondisi lingkungan terhadap sifat fisik dan kimia media tanam pada budidaya kentang menggunakan sistem fertigasi kapiler skala polibag.
Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Paguyangan, Kabupaten Brebes pada ketinggian 342 mdpl. Perlakuan yang digunakan terdiri atas empat jenis media tanam, yaitu tanah utuh (TU), arang sekam (AS), cocopeat (CP), dan pasir utuh (PU), serta dua kondisi lingkungan, yaitu di dalam screenhouse (IN) dan di luar screenhouse (OUT). Parameter yang diamati meliputi sifat fisik media tanam berupa konduktivitas hidrolik jenuh (ks), dry bulk density (ρ_d), kadar air, dan porositas, serta sifat kimia media tanam berupa pH, electrical conductivity (EC), nitrogen (N), fosfor (P), dan kalium (K). Data dianalisis menggunakan uji parametrik dan nonparametrik sesuai dengan karakteristik data masing-masing parameter.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis media tanam berpengaruh nyata terhadap seluruh parameter sifat fisik dan kimia media tanam yang diamati. Arang sekam (AS) memiliki rata-rata nilai konduktivitas hidrolik jenuh tertinggi sebesar 0,05 cm/s dan pH tertinggi sebesar 6,77. Cocopeat (CP) memiliki rata-rata kadar air tertinggi sebesar 757,13%, nilai porositas tertinggi sebesar 92,77%, nilai EC tertinggi sebesar 525,14 µS/cm, kandungan nitrogen sebesar 25,76 mg/kg, fosfor sebesar 36,26 mg/kg, dan kalium sebesar 84,26 mg/kg. Sementara itu, pasir utuh (PU) memiliki rata-rata dry bulk density tertinggi sebesar 1,40 g/cm³. Tanah utuh (TU) menunjukkan karakteristik sifat fisik dan kimia yang relatif seimbang dibandingkan media tanam lainnya. Faktor lingkungan berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai EC serta kandungan N, P, dan K, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap konduktivitas hidrolik jenuh, dry bulk density, kadar air, porositas, dan pH media tanam. Kandungan EC, N, P, dan K pada seluruh media tanam cenderung lebih tinggi di dalam screenhouse dibandingkan di luar screenhouse akibat berkurangnya kehilangan unsur hara melalui pencucian oleh air hujan. Secara keseluruhan, cocopeat merupakan media tanam yang paling baik dalam mempertahankan ketersediaan air dan unsur hara, sedangkan penggunaan screenhouse efektif dalam menjaga ketersediaan unsur hara selama budidaya kentang menggunakan sistem fertigasi kapiler.

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was a high-value horticultural crop that was commonly cultivated in highland areas. The limited availability of agricultural land in highland areas encouraged the development of potato cultivation in medium altitude regions; however, its success was strongly influenced by the characteristics of the growing media, which were able to provide adequate water, air, and nutrients for optimal plant growth. In addition, cultivation environmental conditions could affect changes in the physical and chemical properties of the growing media during plant growth. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effects of different growing media and environmental conditions on the physical and chemical properties of growing media in potato cultivation using a capillary fertigation system at the polybag scale.
The study was conducted in Paguyangan District, Brebes Regency, at an altitude of 342 m above sea level. The treatments consisted of four types of growing media, namely natural soil (TU), rice husk charcoal (AS), cocopeat (CP), and sand (PU), under two environmental conditions: inside a screenhouse (IN) and outside a screenhouse (OUT). The observed parameters included the physical properties of the growing media, namely saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), dry bulk density (ρd), water content, and porosity, as well as the chemical properties, including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). The data were analyzed using parametric and non-parametric statistical tests according to the characteristics of each parameter.
The results showed that the type of growing medium significantly affected all observed physical and chemical properties. Rice husk charcoal (AS) exhibited the highest average saturated hydraulic conductivity of 0.05 cm/s and the highest average pH of 6.77. Cocopeat (CP) exhibited the highest average water content (757.13%), porosity (92.77%), electrical conductivity (525.14 µS/cm), nitrogen content (25.76 mg/kg), phosphorus content (36.26 mg/kg), and potassium content (84.26 mg/kg). Meanwhile, sand (PU) exhibited the highest average dry bulk density of 1.40 g/cm³. Natural soil (TU) exhibited relatively balanced physical and chemical characteristics compared with the other growing media. Environmental conditions significantly affected EC and the concentrations of N, P, and K, but did not significantly affect saturated hydraulic conductivity, dry bulk density, water content, porosity, or pH. The EC values and the concentrations of N, P, and K in all growing media were generally higher inside the screenhouse than outside because nutrient losses through rainfall-induced leaching were reduced. Overall, cocopeat was the most effective growing medium for maintaining water and nutrient availability, whereas the use of a screenhouse effectively preserved nutrient availability during potato cultivation using a capillary fertigation system.

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