Update Artikelilmiah: 53897

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Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

Tumbuhan obat tradisional telah digunakan sejak lama oleh masyarakat sebagai alternatif pengobatan alami yang aman dan efektif. Salah satu spesies tumbuhan yang menarik perhatian adalah sawi langit [Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob.] yang dikenal kaya akan metabolit sekunder seperti flavonoid. Flavonoid merupakan metabolit sekunder yang umum ditemukan pada tumbuhan, dikenal karena aktivitas antioksidan tingginya. Senyawa ini membantu menetralkan radikal bebas yang dihasilkan tumbuhan saat mengalami stres kekeringan, sehingga melindungi sel dan jaringan dari kerusakan. Selain bermanfaat bagi tumbuhan, flavonoid juga digunakan dalam kosmetik dan obat-obatan. Flavonoid berfungsi sebagai antioksidan yang melindungi sel dari kerusakan, bersifat antiinflamasi, menjaga fungsi sel, dan membantu mengatur proses biokimia di dalam sel. Sawi langit sering dimanfaatkan secara empiris dalam pengobatan tradisional masyarakat, namun data ilmiah mengenai variasi karakter morfologi dan kandungan flavonoid berdasarkan letak daun masih minim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan karakter morfologi serta kandungan flavonoid pada daun sawi langit berdasarkan letak daun (ke-1 sampai ke-5, ke-6 sampai ke-10, dan ke-11 sampai ke-15). 
Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di Kecamatan Pekuncen dan Kecamatan Cilongok Kabupaten Banyumas. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga perlakuan, yaitu letak daun ke-1 sampai ke-5 (L1), letak daun ke-6 sampai ke-10 (L2), dan letak daun ke-11 sampai ke-15 (L3). Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 5 kali ulangan, sehingga terdapat 15 unit percobaan. Pengamatan morfologi dilakukan secara deskriptif melalui pengumpulan dokumentasi serta deskripsi dari bagian daun yang diamati, seperti panjang daun, lebar daun, bentuk daun, warna daun, permukaan daun, tepi daun, dan ujung daun. Analisis flavonoid dilakukan secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan uji Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) satu arah pada tingkat kesalahan 5% dan 1% serta dilakukan uji lanjut dengan menggunakan uji Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa letak daun berpengaruh terhadap karakter morfologi dan kandungan flavonoid sawi langit dengan hasil kandungan flavonoid tertinggi pada daun letak 1-5. Variasi morfologi pada setiap letak daun ditunjukkan pada parameter bentuk daun, warna daun, panjang daun dan lebar daun, sedangkan pada parameter permukaan daun, ujung daun, dan tepi daun menunjukkan karakter morfologi yang sama. Kandungan flavonoid total tertinggi terdapat pada letak daun 1-5 yaitu dengan rata-rata sebesar 118,724 ± 4,33 mg QE/g dibandingkan dengan letak daun 6-10 dan 11-15.

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

Traditional medicinal plants have long been used by communities as a safe and effective alternative for natural treatment. One of the medicinal plant species that has attracted considerable attention is Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob., commonly known as sawi langit, which is rich in secondary metabolites, particularly flavonoids. Flavonoids are secondary metabolites widely distributed in plants and are well known for their high antioxidant activity. These compounds help neutralize free radicals produced by plants under drought stress, thereby protecting cells and tissues from oxidative damage. In addition to their role in plants, flavonoids are also widely utilized in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, their ability to protect cells from damage, maintain cellular function, and regulate various biochemical processes within cells. Although C. cinereum has been traditionally used in folk medicine, scientific information regarding variations in its morphological characteristics and flavonoid content based on leaf position remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the morphological characteristics and flavonoid content of C. cinereum leaves at different leaf positions (1st–5th, 6th–10th, and 11th–15th leaves).
Samples were collected from Pekuncen and Cilongok Districts, Banyumas Regency. The experiment was arranged using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of three treatments: leaf positions 1st–5th (L1), 6th–10th (L2), and 11th–15th (L3). Each treatment was replicated five times, resulting in a total of 15 experimental units. Morphological observations were conducted descriptively by documenting and describing leaf characteristics, including leaf length, leaf width, leaf shape, leaf color, leaf surface, leaf margin, and leaf apex. Flavonoid analysis was performed qualitatively and quantitatively. Quantitative data were analyzed using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 5% and 1% significance levels, followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). 
The results showed that leaf position significantly affected the morphological characteristics and flavonoid content of C. cinereum, with the highest flavonoid content found in leaves at positions 1st–5th. Morphological variation among leaf positions was observed in leaf shape, leaf color, leaf length, and leaf width, whereas leaf surface, leaf apex, and leaf margin exhibited similar characteristics across all leaf positions. The highest total flavonoid content was recorded in leaves at positions 1st–5th, with an average value of 118.724 ± 4.33 mg QE/g, compared with leaves at positions 6th–10th and 11th–15th.

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