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Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

Bacillus sp. merupakan bakteri  gram positif, memproduksi endospora, motil, katalase positif, dan termasuk salah satu probiotik yang digunakan untuk melindungi ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio L.) dari serangan penyakit. Selama ini aplikasi probiotik untuk ikan diberikan secara langsung melalui pakan atau penebaran langsung ke kolam. Hal ini menimbulkan jumlah sel bakteri probion tidak seluruhnya hidup (viable). Dalam penelitian ini Bacillus sp. dienkapsulasi dengan matriks pati dengan maksud untuk melindungi sel dari pengaruh langsung faktor lingkungan dan sistem pencernaan ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui viabilitas bakteri probiotik Bacillus sp. yang terenkapsulasi matriks pati terhadap jumlah total bakteri intestinal dan gambaran darah ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio L.). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimental dengan rancangan percobaan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan yang dicobakan meliputi perlakuan P1 (ikan Mas yang diberi pakan pelet dan probiotik terenkapsulasi pati) dan perlakuan P2 (ikan Mas yang diberi pakan pelet yang disemprot probiotik). Kedua perlakuan dilakukan selama 0 hari, 7 hari, 14 hari, dan 21 hari. Parameter yang diukur adalah jumlah mikroba dalam pakan, saluran pencernaan, jumlah sel darah merah, jumlah sel darah putih, dan persentase komponen sel darah putih pada ikan Mas. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa enkapsulasi sel Bacillus sp. dengan matriks pati 2% memberikan proteksi lebih baik dengan tingkat viabilitas 96,7% pada penyimpanan selama dua minggu pada suhu 37ºC. Suplementasi probiotik Bacillus sp. terenkapsulasi matriks pati tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap peningkatan jumlah total bakteri intestinal pada ikan Mas. Suplementasi probiotik Bacillus sp. terenkapsulasi matriks pati selama 21 hari memberikan respon paling baik terhadap imunitas ikan Mas ditinjau dari jumlah eritrosit, leukosit dan persentase ragam leukosit ikan Mas.

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

Bacillus sp. is a gram-positive endosporeforming bacterium, motile, positive catalase and it has been used as a probiotic to improve common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) immunity to the diseases. Application of probiotics mostly is administered directly through the feed or poured directly into the pond stocking. This raises the number of probiont bacterial cells not entirely live (viable) because of the influence of environmental factors and the digestive system of animals, resulting in less probiotics work. In this study Bacillus sp. was encapsulated in starch matrix in order to protect the cells from the direct influence of environmental factors and the digestive system of animal. The aim of this study is to know the viability of encapsulated Bacillus sp. in starch matrix to the total number of intestinal bacteria and blood profile of carp. This study was done experimentally in completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments were: (1) carps  fed with pellets and capsules of probionts for 0 days, 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days, (2) carps fed with pellets which was sprayed with probioticsnts for 0 days , 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days. The treatments were tested include: P1 treatment (carps fed with pellets and capsules of probionts) and P2 treatment (carps fed with pellets which was sprayed with probionts). Both treatments performed for 0, 7, 14, and 21 days respectively. The parameters measured in this study were the number of microbes in feed and intestinal tract, the number of red blood and white blood cells, and the percentage of white blood cell components of carp. The results of this study showed that the encapsulated Bacillus sp. in 2% starch matrix gives a better protection to cells up to 96.7% viability after storage for two weeks. Supplementation of encapsulated Bacillus sp. in starch matrix did not give any significantly differences to the total number of intestinal bacteria in common carp. Supplementation of encapsulated Bacillus sp. in starch matrix for 21 days  induced the best immune response to common carp  in terms of the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes and the percentage of common carp leukocyte components.

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