Update Artikelilmiah: 52060

SETIAWAN RAMADHANI

NIM

Judul Artikel

Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

Dewan Keamanan merupakan salah satu badan utama Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa yang bertanggung jawab menjaga perdamaian dan keamanan dunia, namun efektivitasnya dalam konflik Israel-Palestina sangat bergantung kepada anggota tetap Dewan Keamanan yang menghambat fungsi dewan keamanan tersebut. Contohnya dalam eskalasi konflik Israel-Palestina 2023-2024 yang dimana 10 draft resolusi untuk penghentian eskalasi gagal diloloskan akibat adanya veto  
Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui tanggung jawab Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa- Bangsa dalam mewujudkan perdamaian dan keamanan internasional pada konflik Israel-Palestina menurut hukum internasional dan menganalisis implementasi prinsip Responsibility to Protect oleh Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa dalam konflik Israel-Palestina pada periode 2023-2024. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, kasus, konseptual. Data sekunder terdiri dari bahan hukum primer berupa Piagam PBB, resolusi Dewan Keamanan, Putusan Mahkamah Internasional, serta bahan hukum sekunder berupa jurnal dan buku hukum internasional, menggunakan metode pendekatan Perundang-undangan, pendekatan kasus serta pendekaatan konseptual yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan
Kewenangan Dewan Keamanan PBB berdasarkan Pasal 24 Piagam Peserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa untuk menjaga perdamaian dan keamanan dunia diperkuat Bab VII yang berisi Pasal 39 Piagam Peserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa mengatur tindakan koersif, mulai dari sanksi ekonomi di Pasal 41 Piagam Peserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, dalam Pasal 42 Piagam Peserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa mengenai intervensi militer. Implementasi prinsip Responsibility to Protect (R2P) dan penerapan pasal-pasal tersebut dalam konflik Israel-Palestina 2023-2024 menghadapi hambatan struktural akibat hak veto dari ketiga negara dari lima anggota tetap. Akibatnya, tiga pilar R2P mulai dari tanggung jawab negara, bantuan internasional, hingga intervensi kolektif melalui Dewan Keamanan gagal memberikan perlindungan nyata bagi warga sipil di tengah krisis. Sepanjang periode tersebut, enam rancangan resolusi kemanusiaan terkait gencatan senjata dan perlindungan warga sipil gagal disahkan karena veto Amerika Serikat, Rusia, dan Tiongkok menginstruksikan tindakan pencegahan dalam konflik Israel-Palestina.

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the principal organs of the United Nations tasked with maintaining international peace and security; however, its effectiveness in the Israel-Palestine conflict is heavily contingent upon its permanent members, whose actions often obstruct the Council’s functions. A prominent example is the 2023–2024 escalation of the Israel-Palestine conflict, during which ten draft resolutions aimed at halting the escalation failed to be adopted due to the exercise of veto power.
This research aims to determine the responsibility of the UN Security Council in realizing international peace and security within the Israel-Palestine conflict under international law and to analyze the implementation of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) principle by the UNSC during the 2023–2024 period. The research employs a normative juridical method with statutory, case-based, and conceptual approaches. Secondary data consists of primary legal materials, including the UN Charter, Security Council resolutions, and International Court of Justice (ICJ) decisions, as well as secondary legal materials such as international law journals and textbooks.
The findings indicate that the UNSC’s authority, based on Article 24 of the UN Charter, is reinforced by Chapter VII, specifically Article 39, which regulates coercive measures ranging from economic sanctions under Article 41 to military intervention under Article 42. However, the implementation of the R2P principle and the application of these articles in the 2023–2024 Israel-Palestine conflict faced structural hurdles due to the veto power exercised by three of the five permanent members. Consequently, the three pillars of R2P—state responsibility, international assistance, and collective intervention—failed to provide tangible protection for civilians amidst the crisis. Throughout this period, six draft humanitarian resolutions regarding ceasefires and civilian protection failed to pass because vetoes from the United States, Russia, and China obstructed preventive actions in the Israel-Palestine conflict.

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