Update Artikelilmiah: 51670

ANISAH FATMAWATI

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Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

Eksplorasi bakteri tanah setelah aplikasi bakteri endofit akar padi didapatkan 15 isolat bakteri tanah. Bakteri tanah berperan dalam menyediakan unsur hara, melindungi tanaman dari infeksi patogen, serta menghasilkan hormon pertumbuhan, seperti IAA, pelarut fosfat, penambat nitrogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyeleksi dan mengkarakterisasi isolat bakteri tanah untuk mengetahui potensinya sebagai agenssia pengendali hayati R. solani dan pengaruhnya terhadap perkecambahan padi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Perlindungan Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman. Variabel yang diamati adalah seleksi isolat bakteri tanah, karakteristik fisiologi dan biokimia bakteri tanah potensial, serta pengaruh bakteri tanah potensial pada perkecambahan padi.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental yang dirancang cara deskriptif dan sidik ragam (ANOVA). Analisis data secara deskriptif dilakukan untuk menganalisis hasil pengujian karakteristik bakteri tanah potensial. Analisis data menggunakan ANOVA dengan taraf  kesalahan 5% dilakukan untuk hasil pengujian in vitro dan pengaruh bakteri tanah potensial pada perkecambahan padi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 15 isolat bakteri tanah yang diuji terhadap R.solani didapatkan 5 bakteri tanah potensial yaitu bakteri genus Paenibacillus, Micrococcus, Streptomyces dan Actinomyces. Uji antagonis bakteri tanah terhadap R. solani didapatkan daya hambat tertinggi yaitu sebesar 40,55% pada isolat P11 (Paenibacillus). Pada pengujian karakteristik fisiologi, pertumbuhan bakteri tertinggi umumnya diperoleh pada perlakuan NaCl 3% dan suhu 30°C, sedangkan pertumbuhan terendah terlihat pada suhu 8°C dan beberapa perlakuan pH. Hasil pengujian karakteristik biokimia seluruh isolat bakteri tanah potensial menunjukkan hasil positif pada uji siderofor, IAA, pelarutan fosfat, protease dan fermentasi karbohidrat, sedangkan aktivitas kitinase hanya ditemukan pada isolat P3 (Micrococcus) dan P10 (Actinomyces). Seluruh isolat bakteri tanah potensial juga memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap kecepatan tumbuh benih, panjang akar, panjang tunas, bobot segar akar, bobot kering akar dan bobot kering tunas. Sementara itu, isolat bakteri tanah potensial tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap daya kecambah dan bobot segar tunas.

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

This study explored soil bacteria obtained after the application of rice root endophytic bacteria, which resulted in 15 soil bacterial isolates. Soil bacteria play important roles in nutrient availability, plant protection against pathogen infection, and the production of plant growth–promoting substances. The objective of this study was to select and characterize soil bacterial isolates to determine their potential as biological control agensts against Rhizoctonia solani and their effects on rice seed germination. This research was conducted at the Plant Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman. The observed variables included the selection of soil bacterial isolates, the physiological and biochemical characteristics of potential soil bacteria, and the effects of potential soil bacteria on rice seed germination.This study employed an experimental method designed using descriptive analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Descriptive analysis was carried out to evaluate the characteristics of potential soil bacteria. ANOVA at a 5% significance level was used to analyze the results of the in vitro tests and the effects of potential soil bacteria on rice germination. The results showed that among 15 soil bacterial isolates tested against R. solani, five potential isolates belonging to the genera Paenibacillus, Micrococcus, Streptomyces, and Actinomyces were obtained. The highest inhibition against R. solani was 40.55% by isolate P11 (Paenibacillus). Physiological characterization indicated that bacterial growth was generally highest at 3% NaCl and 30°C, and lowest at 8°C and under several pH treatments. Biochemical characterization showed that all potential isolates were positive for siderophore production, IAA production, phosphate solubilization, protease activity, and carbohydrate fermentation, while chitinase activity was only detected in isolates P3 (Micrococcus) and P10 (Actinomyces). All potential soil bacterial isolates significantly affected germination rate, root length, shoot length, fresh root weight, dry root weight and shoot dry weight, but had no significant effect on germination percentage and shoot fresh weight.

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