Update Artikelilmiah: 50790

SETYA AGUS SANTOSA

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Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis karakteristik produksi dan kualitas telur,  menganalisis polimorfisme gen GnRH, menganalisis asosiasi single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) pada gen GnRH dengan produksi dan kualitas telur dan mengembangkan model matematika yang akurat untuk memprediksi kurva produksi telur pada ayam lokal (Sentul) dan komersial (Hy-Line Brown). Penelitian menggunakan 100 ekor ayam lokal (Sentul) dan 100 ekor ayam komersial (Hy-Line Brown). Ayam dipelihara hingga umur 80 minggu dalam kandang closed house. Materi penelitian meliputi telur, catatan produksi, dan sampel darah untuk analisis DNA. Variabel yang diamati adalah bobot telur, kekuatan kerabang, warna kuning telur, (Alig et al., 2023)(Alig et al., 2023)bot kuning telur, bobot putih telur, haugh unit dan bobot kerabang. Analisis molekuler menggunakan teknik PCR dan sekuensing DNA untuk mengidentifikasi polimorfisme gen GnRH. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) yang teridentifikasi kemudian dianalisis asosiasinya dengan produksi dan kualitas telur. Data produksi telur hingga umur 80 minggu digunakan untuk membuat model matematika menggunakan fungsi Gamma Wood, kuadratik, kubik, dan kuartik. Kecermatan model matematika diuji dengan adjust R2, Mean Absolut Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) dan Bayesian Information Creterion (BIC).
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan ayam komersial (Hy-Line Brown) lebih unggul dalam hampir semua parameter produksi dan kualitas telur dibandingkan ayam lokal (Sentul). Hasil analisis polimorfisme gen GnRH menunjukkan perbedaan antara kedua jenis ayam. Ayam Hy-Line Brown bersifat monomorfik, artinya tidak ditemukan variasi genetik (polimorfisme) pada semua individu yang diuji.  Ayam Sentul bersifat polimorfik, dengan ditemukannya tiga Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP), yaitu g.2416 C>G, g.2424 T>C, dan g.2425 A>G. Setiap SNP memperlihatkan dua varian genotipik yang berbeda, yaitu: 1) SNP g.2416 C>G menghasilkan genotipe heterozigot CG dan homozigot CC, 2) SNP g.2424 T>C teridentifikasi hanya dalam bentuk homozigot, yaitu TT dan CC, sedangkan 3) SNP g.2425 A>G menghasilkan genotipe homozigot AA dan homozigot GG. Analisis asosiasi produksi dan kualitas telur pada ayam Hy-Line Brown tidak dapat dilakukan karena bersifat monomorfik.  Analisis asosiasi produksi dan kualitas telur pada ayam Sentul menunjukkan bahwa setiap SNP memiliki pengaruh spesifik: SNP g.2416 C>G: berasosiasi signifikan dengan produksi telur dan ketebalan kerabang (P<0,05). Alel C cenderung memberikan efek positif pada kedua sifat tersebut.  SNP g.2424 T>C: berasosiasi sangat signifikan dengan bobot putih telur, bobot kerabang, dan ketebalan kerabang (P<0,01). Alel T unggul dalam meningkatkan kualitas fisik kerabang. SNP g.2425 A>G: berasosiasi signifikan terhadap produksi telur (P<0,01) dan bobot kuning telur (P<0,05). Uji kesesuaian menggunakan metode MAE, RSME, AIC dan BIC menunjukkan bahwa model kuartik yang terbaik dan paling akurat untuk memprediksi produksi telur pada ayam Sentul dan Hy-Line Brown. 
Kesimpulan 1) ayam komersial (Hy-Line Brown) lebih unggul dalam produksi dan kualitas telur dibandingkan ayam lokal (Sentul); 2) Gen GnRH pada ayam Sentul bersifat polimorfik, sedangkan pada ayam Hy-Line Brown bersifat monomorfik; 3) Terdapat asosiasi antara Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) g.2416 C>G, g.2424 T>C, dan g.2425 A>G dengan produksi dan kualitas telur pada ayam lokal (Sentul).  SNP g.2416 C>G berasosiasi dengan produksi telur dan ketebalan kerabang. SNP g.2424 T>C berasosiasi dengan bobot putih telur, bobot kerabang, dan ketebalan kerabang. SNP g.2425 A>G berasosiasi dengan produksi telur dan bobot kuning telur. ; 4) model matematika kuartik merupakan model yang paling akurat untuk memprediksi kurva produksi telur pada ayam lokal (Sentul) dan komersial (Hy-Line Brown).

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

The objectives of this research were to analyze egg production and quality characteristics, analyze GnRH gene polymorphisms, analyze the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the GnRH gene with egg production and quality, and develop an accurate mathematical model to predict egg production curves in local (Sentul) and commercial (Hy-Line Brown) chickens. The study used 100 local chickens (Sentul) and 100 commercial chickens (Hy-Line Brown). The chickens were raised until 80 weeks of age in a closed house. The research materials included eggs, production records, and blood samples for DNA analysis. The variables observed were egg weight, shell strength, yolk color, yolk volume, egg white weight, Haugh unit, and shell weight. Molecular analysis used PCR and DNA sequencing techniques to identify GnRH gene polymorphisms. The identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were then analyzed for their association with egg production and quality. Egg production data up to 80 weeks of age were used to create a mathematical model using Wood's Gamma, quadratic, cubic, and quartic functions. The accuracy of the mathematical model was tested by adjusting R2, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC).
Based on the research results, commercial chickens (Hy-Line Brown) are superior in almost all parameters of egg production and quality compared to local chickens (Sentul). The results of the GnRH gene polymorphism analysis show differences between the two types of chickens. Hy-Line Brown chickens are monomorphic, meaning that no genetic variations (polymorphisms) were found in all individuals tested. Sentul chickens are polymorphic, with the discovery of three Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), namely g.2416 C>G, g.2424 T>C, and g.2425 A>G. Each SNP shows two different genotypic variants, namely: 1) SNP g.2416 C>G produces heterozygous CG and homozygous CC genotypes, 2) SNP g.2424 T>C is identified only in homozygous forms, namely TT and CC, while 3) SNP g.2425 A>G produces homozygous AA and homozygous GG genotypes. Analysis of the association between egg production and quality in Hy-Line Brown chickens cannot be carried out because they are monomorphic. Association analysis of egg production and quality in Sentul chickens showed that each SNP has a specific effect: SNP g.2416 C>G: significantly associated with egg production and shell thickness (P<0.05). The C allele tends to have a positive effect on both traits. SNP g.2424 T>C: highly significantly associated with egg white weight, shell weight, and shell thickness (P<0.01). The T allele is superior in improving the physical quality of the shell. SNP g.2425 A>G: significantly associated with egg production (P<0.01) and yolk weight (P<0.05). The goodness-of-fit test using the MAE, RSME, AIC and BIC methods showed that the quartic model was the best and most accurate for predicting egg production in Sentul and Hy-Line Brown chickens.
Conclusion 1) Commercial chickens (Hy-Line Brown) are superior in egg production and quality compared to local chickens (Sentul); 2) GnRH gene in Sentul chickens is polymorphic, while in Hy-Line Brown chickens it is monomorphic; 3) There is an association between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) g.2416 C>G, g.2424 T>C, and g.2425 A>G with egg production and quality in local chickens (Sentul). SNP g.2416 C>G is associated with egg production and shell thickness. SNP g.2424 T>C is associated with egg white weight, shell weight, and shell thickness. SNP g.2425 A>G is associated with egg production and yolk weight. ; 4) Quartic mathematical model is the most accurate model to predict egg production curves in local chickens (Sentul) and commercial chickens (Hy-Line Brown).

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