Update Artikelilmiah: 49821

PUTRI SYAH DILLA

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Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

Penyakit antraknosa merupakan penyakit utama tanaman cabai yang disebabkan oleh jamur Colletotrichum sp., serta menyebabkan penurunan produksi hingga mencapai 45-60%. Pengendalian hayati dengan penggunaan agensia hayati salah satunya adalah Bacillus sp. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengkarakterisasi Bacillus sp. asal rizosfer tumbuhan putri malu dataran rendah, mengetahui kemampuannya dalam menekan pertumbuhan beberapa mikroba patogen secara in vitro, mengetahui potensi Bacillus sp. sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman, dan menentukan isolat terbaik yang mampu menekan 
penyakit antraknosa pada buah cabai secara in vivo. Bakteri diisolasi dan dikarakterisasi secara makroskopis, mikroskopis, uji biokimia, dan uji hipersensitif. Pengujian kemampuan Bacillus sp. terhadap Colletotrichum capsici, Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Xanthomonas oryzae, dan Ralstonia solanacearum secara in vitro menggunakan RAL (Rancangan Acak Lengkap) dengan 15 perlakuan sebanyak 2 ulangan. Variabel yang diamati, daya hambat pertumbuhan patogen dan ada tidaknya kerusakan miselium pada jamur patogen. Pengujian kemampuan Bacillus sp. sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman dilakukan dengan benih mentimun menggunakan RAK (Rancangan Acak Kelompok) dengan 15 perlakuan. Variabel 
yang diamati, kecepatan tumbuh benih, panjang akar, bobot segar akar, dan bobot segar kecambah. Pengujian kemampuan Bacillus sp. dalam mengendalikan penyakit antraknosa pada buah cabai rawit secara in vivo menggunakan RAK dengan 4 perlakuan diantaranya kontrol air steril, fungisida, Bacillus RR 2.4, dan Bacillus RR 3.1. Variabel yang diamati, masa inkubasi, luas serangan, penghambatan luas serangan, dan indeks sampah. Data penelitian hasil isolasi dan karakterisasi dianalisis secara deskriptif dan data pengujian kemampuan Bacillus sp. dianalisis dengan ANOVA 5% dan dilakukan uji lanjut DMRT 5% apabila terdapat perbedaan nyata antar perlakuan. Sebanyak 14 isolat Bacillus sp. berhasil diisolasi dengan karakter yang beragam, yaitu bentuk sel batang, bakteri gram positif, katalase dan oksidase positif, dan memiliki struktur endospora. Terdapat 2 isolat terpilih yang memiliki daya hambat ≥ 50% pada uji antagonis secara in vitro, yaitu RR 2.1 dan RR 3.4 isolat Bacillus sp. mampu meningkatkan panjang akar (84,8%), bobot segar akar (52,9%), dan bobot segar kecambah (16,67%). Bacillus sp. RR 2.1 mampu menunda masa inkubasi serta menekan penyakit antraknosa pada buah cabai rawit sebesar 69,35%.

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

Anthracnose was the primary affecting chili pepper, caused by the Colletotrichum sp. fungal pathogen, leading to a production decline of 45-60%. One of the biological control agents using biological agent is Bacillus sp. This study aims to isolate and characterize Bacillus sp. from the rhizosphere of lowland in Mimosa pudica plants, investigate the ability to inhibit the growth of several microbial plant pathogens in vitro, found the potential microbes as a plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), and identify the best isolate that potential against anthracnose disease in chili pepper in vivo. Bacteria were isolated and 
characterized macroscopically, microscopically, biochemical tests, and hypersensitivity tests. Testing the ability of Bacillus sp. against Colletotrichum capsici, Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Xanthomonas oryzae, and Ralstonia solanacearum in vitro using CRD (Completely Randomized Design) with fifteen treatments and repeated two times. The variables were observed including the inhibiton of pathogens and the presence or absence of mycelium damage in pathogenic fungi. Testing the ability of Bacillus sp. as plant growth 
promoters with cucumber seeds using RBD (Randomized Block Design) with fifteen treatments. The variables were observed including seed growth rate, root length, fresh root weight, and fresh sprout weight. Testing the ability of Bacillus sp. to control anthracnose disease in chili pepper in vivo using RBD with four treatmens, including sterile water control, fungicide, Bacillus RR 2.1, and Bacillus RR 3.4. The variables were observed including incubation period, area of attack, inhibition rate, and waste index. The research data from isolation and characterization were analyzed descriptively and research data from testing 
the ability of Bacillus using ANOVA (α=0.05) and following by DMRT (α=0.05) to determine significant differences. Research results showed that 14 isolates of Bacillus sp. were successfully isolated with various characteristics, had rod-shaped cells (bacilli), Gram positive bacteria, positive catalase and oxidase, and had an endosphere structure. There were 2 selected isolates that had ≥ 50% inhibition in the in vitro antagonist test, namely RR 2.1 and RR 3.4. Bacillus sp. able to increase root length (84.8%), fresh root weight (52.9%), and fresh sprout weight (16.67%). Bacillus RR 2.1 has proven to be extending the incubation period and reducing the symptoms of anthracnose disease in chili pepper by 69.35%.

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