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SALSABILLA DESI WARDANI

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Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

Penyakit antraknosa merupakan penyakit penting pada tanaman cabai rawit, yang dapat menyebabkan dengan hingga 65%. Pengendalian menggunakan agensia hayati Bacillus sp. endofit pada akar putri malu merupakan alternatif pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengkarakter Bacillus sp. endofit akar putri malu asal dataran menengah, mengetahui kemampuan antagonis Bacillus sp. endofit dalam menekan pertumbuhan patogen, dan memacu pertumbuhan tanaman, serta untuk mengetahui kemampuan Bacillus sp. endofit dalam mengendalikan antraknosa pada cabai rawit. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Perlindungan Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 4 tahapan yaitu isolasi dan pengkarakteran Bacillus sp. endofit yang diambil dari akar putri malu sehat, pengujian antagonis secara in vitro, pengujian kemampuan bakteri sebagai PGPE, dan pengujian kemampuan bakteri pada cabai rawit. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap, pada uji antagonis menggunakan 15 isolat Bacillus sp. yang diulang sebanyak 2 kali. Pengujian PGPE menggunakan air steril dan15 suspensi isolat yang diulang sebanyak 10 kali, dan pengujian kemampuan bakteri pada cabai terdiri dari 5 perlakuan yang diulang lima kali dengan masing-masing tiga unit buah cabai. Hasil eksplorasi Bacillus sp. endofit memiliki karakter koloni berbentuk bulat dengan tepi undulate hingga lobate, sel berbentuk bacil, bakteri Gram positif, uji katalase dan oksidase positif, serta mampu menghasilkan endospora. Berdasarkan uji antagonis dari 15 isolat terdapat 3 isolat terbaik yaitu Bacillus sp. BEM14, Bacillus sp. BEM15, dan Bacillus sp. BEM24. Pada pengujian antagonis 3 jamur patogen persentase daya hambat dari ketiga isolat sebesar 38,26 hingga 65,00%. Pada uji antagonis 2 bakteri patogen, zona bening yang terbentuk sebesar 7,85 mm hingga 27,50 mm. Pada uji PGPE, terdapat tiga isolat berpengaruh nyata terhadap variabel panjang akar yaitu Bacillus sp. BEM12 (12,27cm), Bacillus sp. BEM31 (12,80cm), dan Bacillus sp. BEM33 (13,00cm). Hasil aplikasi pada buah cabai rawit isolat Bacillus sp. BEM14 mampu menekan munculnya gejala 16,67% lebih lama dibanding dengan kontrol.

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

Anthracnose, a significant disease in chili peppers caused by the fungal infection Colletotrichum sp., leads to substantial yield losses, sometimes reaching as high as 65%. An innovative approach to managing this disease involves using biological agents, specifically Bacillus sp., which can exist as endophytes within the roots of sensitive plants (Mimosa invisa Mart. ex Colla ). This research aimed to isolate and characterize endophytic Bacillus sp. from roots found in medium-altitude regions. Furthermore, the study determine the antagonistic capabilities of these endophytic Bacillus sp. in suppressing pathogen growth and their potential to promote plant growth. Ultimately, the research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of endophytic Bacillus sp. in controlling anthracnose in chili peppers. Conducted at the Plant Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University. This study consisted of four stages: isolation and characterization of endophytic Bacillus sp. from healthy sensitive plant roots, in vitro antagonistic testing, evaluation of bacterial ability as PGPE (Plant Growth-Promoting Endophytes), and assessment of bacterial performance on chili peppers. A Completely Randomized Design was used in the study. The antagonistic assay involved 15 Bacillus sp. isolates, each replicated twice. The PGPE test involved sterile water and 15 bacterial suspensions, each replicated ten times. The bacterial performance on chili fruit involved five treatments, each replicated five times, using three chili fruits per replication. The exploration results showed that the endophytic Bacillus sp. isolates exhibited round colonies with undulate to lobate margins, bacillus-shaped cells, Gram-positive reaction, positive catalase and oxidase tests, and the ability to produce endospores. Based on the antagonistic test, three isolates showed the best performance: Bacillus sp. BEM14, BEM15, and BEM24. Against three fungal pathogens, these isolates exhibited inhibition percentages ranging from 38.26% to 65.00%. In the test against two bacterial pathogens, the inhibition zones formed ranged from 7.85 mm to 27.50 mm. In the PGPE assay, three isolates significantly affected root length: Bacillus sp. BEM12 (12.27 cm), BEM31 (12.80 cm), and BEM33 (13.00 cm). Crucially, when applied to chili pepper fruits, isolate Bacillus sp. BEM14 proved effective in delaying the onset of anthracnose symptoms by half a day compared to the control.

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