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Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

Isu perubahan iklim dan pemanasan global telah menjadi perhatian utama dalam dinamika hubungan internasional kontemporer. Sebagai negara kepulauan dengan tingkat emisi karbon yang signifikan, Indonesia menghadapi tantangan besar dalam mencapai target penurunan emisi yang ditetapkan dalam dokumen Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara mendalam efektivitas kerja sama bilateral Indonesia dan Jepang melalui skema Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) dalam merespons krisis lingkungan, khususnya dalam konteks pengurangan emisi karbon di Indonesia selama periode 2014–2022. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif dengan kerangka teori Politik Hijau dan konsep kerja sama bilateral, penelitian ini menelaah bagaimana JCM tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai instrumen teknis dalam mitigasi perubahan iklim, tetapi juga sebagai alat diplomasi lingkungan yang merefleksikan kepentingan strategis kedua negara. 
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi JCM telah berkontribusi terhadap pengurangan emisi di berbagai sektor strategis melalui transfer teknologi rendah karbon, dukungan pendanaan, serta penguatan kapasitas lokal. Selain itu, proyek-proyek JCM dinilai mampu mendorong transformasi struktur energi dan industri Indonesia menuju arah yang lebih berkelanjutan. Namun demikian, efektivitas JCM dihadapkan pada sejumlah tantangan seperti kompleksitas birokrasi nasional, keterbatasan sumber daya manusia lokal dalam penguasaan teknologi ramah lingkungan, serta asimetri kepentingan dalam pembagian kredit karbon. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan penguatan tata kelola, harmonisasi regulasi nasional, dan peningkatan partisipasi aktor non-negara agar mekanisme ini dapat menjadi instrumen yang lebih inklusif dan berkelanjutan dalam menghadapi krisis iklim global.
Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kerja sama Indonesia–Jepang melalui skema Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) telah memberikan kontribusi positif dalam upaya pengurangan emisi karbon di Indonesia. Melalui proyek-proyek yang berfokus pada efisiensi energi, teknologi rendah karbon, dan transfer pengetahuan, JCM mendukung pencapaian target emisi Indonesia sebagaimana tercantum dalam Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). kerja sama ini juga memperkuat hubungan bilateral kedua negara dalam diplomasi lingkungan.

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

Climate change and global warming have emerged as central concerns in the contemporary discourse of international relations. As an archipelagic country with significant carbon emissions, Indonesia faces major challenges in meeting its emission reduction targets outlined in its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). This study aims to critically analyze the effectiveness of bilateral cooperation between Indonesia and Japan through the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) in addressing environmental crises, particularly in reducing carbon emissions in Indonesia during the period 2014–2022. Utilizing a qualitative-descriptive approach and grounded in Green Political Theory and the concept of bilateral cooperation, this research explores how JCM functions not only as a technical mitigation tool but also as a form of environmental diplomacy reflecting the strategic interests of both nations. 
     The findings reveal that the implementation of JCM has significantly contributed to emission reductions across strategic sectors through low-carbon technology transfer, financial support, and capacity building. Moreover, JCM projects have supported the transformation of Indonesia’s energy and industrial structures toward sustainability. However, its effectiveness is challenged by issues such as bureaucratic complexity, weak verification systems, limited technological expertise at the local level, and asymmetry in credit allocation. Therefore, stronger governance, regulatory harmonization, and increased engagement of non-state actors are essential to ensure the inclusivity and long-term viability of this mechanism. Overall, the JCM has proven to be a relatively effective instrument in supporting Indonesia’s climate goals, although several structural and institutional challenges remain to be addressed.
     This study concludes that Indonesia-Japan cooperation through the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) scheme has made a positive contribution to carbon emission reduction efforts in Indonesia. Through projects focusing on energy efficiency, low-carbon technology, and knowledge transfer, the JCM supports the achievement of Indonesia's emission targets as stated in the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). This cooperation also strengthens bilateral relations between the two countries in environmental diplomacy.

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