Update Artikelilmiah: 47662

LISA WULAN SARI

NIM

Judul Artikel

Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

Pemanfaatan enzim dalam berbagai bidang industri telah berkembang pesat. Amilase menjadi salah satu enzim yang pengaplikasiannya sangat luas dalam bidang industri. Amilase dapat diekstraksi dari berbagai jenis sel organisme seperti hewan, tumbuhan, dan mikroorganisme. Amilase dapat dihasilkan oleh bakteri amilolitik yang berasal dari saluran pencernaan hewan detritivor yang berperan dalam proses penguraian bahan organik. Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Biologi Universitas Jenderal Soedirman memiliki koleksi bakteri endosimbion yang diisolasi dari bagian pencernaan kecoak Amerika. Berdasarkan pengujian kualitatif enzimatis yang telah dilakukan terhadap isolat bakteri tersebut, sebanyak 10 isolat menunjukkan adanya aktivitas amilolitik, namun, kemampuan hidrolitiknya secara kuantitatif belum diketahui. Aktivitas enzim amilase optimum pada suhu yang bervariasi juga belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh isolat bakteri, suhu inkubasi, interaksi antara jenis isolat dan suhu inkubasi terhadap aktivitas amilase, dan mengetahui identitas isolat bakteri amilolitik asal pencernaan kecoak.
Penelitian dilaksanakan secara eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial dengan dua faktor perlakuan. Faktor pertama adalah isolat bakteri dan faktor kedua adalah suhu. Faktor pertama terdiri atas empat taraf, yaitu isolat bakteri terpilih 1, isolat bakteri terpilih 2, kontrol positif, dan kontrol negatif. Faktor kedua terdiri atas tiga taraf, yakni variasi suhu 40°C, 45°C, dan 50°C. Kontrol negatif dalam pengujian ini menggunakan supernatan hasil ekstraksi medium Starch Broth tanpa penambahan inokulum bakteri. Kontrol positif dalam pengujian ini menggunakan ekstrak kasar amilase dari Bacillus subtilis. Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga terdapat 36 unit percobaan. Kemampuan isolat bakteri dari pencernaan kecoak Amerika dalam menghasilkan enzim amilase diskrining pada medium Starch Agar. Isolat bakteri yang mampu menghasilkan zona bening pada tiga suhu pengujian (40°C, 45°C, dan 50°C) diukur aktivitasnya secara kuantitatif dan dikarakterisasi. Aktivitas amilase diukur melalui peneraan absorbansi dengan metode DNS pada variasi suhu berbeda. Karakterisasi isolat bakteri dilakukan dengan metode konvensional. Parameter utama yang diamati berupa unit aktivitas amilase. Parameter pendukung berupa indeks amilolitik, jumlah total bakteri, dan karakteristik bakteri amilolitik asal pencernaan kecoak. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Analisis dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) apabila perlakuan berpengaruh nyata. Identifikasi isolat bakteri mengacu pada buku Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology Ninth Edition.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak dua isolat bakteri asal pencernaan kecoak dengan kode ACU 16 C dan ACU 25 B menunjukkan kemampuan amilolitik pada tiga suhu pengujian (40, 45, dan 50°C). Secara kualitatif, nilai indeks amilolitik isolat ACU 16 C berkisar antara 20,0-23,8 mm dan isolat ACU 25 B berkisar antara 24,8-26,0 mm. Secara kuantitatif, nilai aktivitas amilolitik isolat ACU 16 C berkisar antara 0,312-0,446 U/mL dan isolat ACU 25 B berkisar antara 0,324-0,434 U/mL. Aktivitas isolat ACU 16 C dan ACU 25 B optimum pada suhu 50°C, dengan nilai aktivitas masing-masing 0,446 U/mL dan 0,434 U/mL. Isolat bakteri amilolitik ACU 16 C teridentifikasi sebagai anggota Genus Bacillus dan isolat bakteri ACU 25 B teridentifikasi sebagai anggota Genus Staphylococcus.

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

The application of enzymes in various industrial fields has grown rapidly. Amylase is one of the enzymes whose application is very broad in the industrial field. Amylase can be extracted from various types of organism cells such as animals, plants, and microorganisms. Amylase can be produced by amylolytic bacteria from the digestive tract of detritivor animals that have a role in the process of decomposing organic matter. The Microbiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Biology, Jenderal Soedirman University has a collection of endosymbiont bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of American cockroaches. Based on enzymatic qualitative tests that have been carried out on these bacterial isolates, as many as 10 isolates (37.04%) showed amylolytic activity, however, their quantitative degradation ability is not yet known. The optimum amylase enzyme activity at various temperatures is also not yet known. This study aims to determine the effect of bacterial isolates, incubation temperatures, interaction between isolate type and incubation temperature on amylase activity, and determine the identity of amylolytic bacterial isolates from cockroach digestion.  
The research was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern with two treatment factors. The first factor was bacterial isolates and the second factor was temperature levels. The first factor consisted of four levels, which were selected bacterial isolate 1, selected bacterial isolate 2, a positive control, and a negative control. The second factor consists of three levels, which are temperature variations of 40°C, 45°C, and 50°C. The negative control in this test used the supernatant of Starch Broth medium without the addition of bacterial inoculum. The positive control in this test used amylase crude extract from Bacillus subtilis. Each treatment was repeated 3 times so that there were 36 experimental units. The ability of bacterial isolates from the digestion of American cockroaches to produce amylase enzyme was tested on Starch Agar medium. Bacterial isolates that were able to produce clear zones at three test temperatures at once (40°C, 45°C, and 50°C) were quantitatively measured for their activity and characterized. Amylase activity was measured through absorbance illumination with DNS method at different temperature variations. Characterization of bacterial isolates was carried out by conventional methods. The main parameter observed was amylase activity unit. Supporting parameters were amylolytic index, total number of bacteria, and characteristics of amylolytic bacteria from cockroach digestion. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA at the 95% confidence level. Analysis was continued with DMRT if the treatment had a significant effect. Identification of bacterial isolates refers to Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology Ninth Edition.
The research results indicate that a total of two bacterial isolates from cockroach digestion with the code ACU 16 C and ACU 25 B showed amylolytic ability at three test temperatures (40, 45, and 50°C). Qualitatively, the amylolytic index value of isolate ACU 16 C ranged from 20.0-23.8 mm and isolate ACU 25 B ranged from 24.8-26.0 mm. Quantitatively, the amylolytic activity values of isolate ACU 16 C ranged from 0.312-0.446 U/mL and isolate ACU 25 B ranged from 0.324-0.434 U/mL. The activity of isolates ACU 16 C and ACU 25 B was optimum at 50°C, with activity values of 0.446 U/mL and 0.434 U/mL, respectively. Amylolytic bacterial isolate ACU 16 C was identified as a member of the Bacillus Genus and bacterial isolate ACU 25 B was identified as a member of the Staphylococcus Genus.

Kata kunci

Pembimbing 1

Pembimbing 2

Pembimbing 3

Tahun

Jumlah Halaman