Update Artikelilmiah: 46546

AMALA MASYITA

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Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

Penelitian ini berjudul “Pengaruh Kemiskinan, Ketimpangan Pendapatan dan Harga Pangan Terhadap Kejadian Stunting di Indonesia”. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kemiskinan, ketimpangan pendapatan dan harga pangan terhadap kejadian stunting di Indonesia serta menganalisis variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian stunting di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan model regresi data panel. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari catatan Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, dan Pusat Informasi Harga Pangan Strategis (PIHPS) Bank Indonesia periode tahun 2018 sampai tahun 2022 di 34 Provinsi. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah kemiskinan, ketimpangan, harga daging sapi, harga daging ayam, dan harga telur ayam, sedangkan variabel dependen adalah prevalensi stunting. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) kemiskinan berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap kejadian stunting di Indonesia; (2) ketimpangan pendapatan berpengaruh positif terhadap kejadian stunting di Indonesia; (3) harga daging sapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kejadian stunting di Indonesia; (4) harga daging ayam tidak berpengaruh terhadap kejadian stunting di Indonesia; (5) harga daging ayam berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap kejadian stunting di Indonesia; dan (6) variabel ketimpangan pendapatan paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian stunting di Indonesia. Implikasi dari kesimpulan di atas yaitu dalam upaya pencegahan peningkatan stunting di Indonesia, sebaiknya perlu memperhatikan berbagai kebijakan yang berfokus pada kemiskinan dan ketimpangan pendapatan seperti program pemberdayaan masyarakat yang melibatkan mereka secara langsung dalam proses pembangunan. Masyarakat diharapkan dapat lebih produktif sehingga mampu meningkatkan pendapatan serta akses pemenuhan gizi dan layanan kesehatan mudah dijangkau. Sedangkan untuk menanggapi tingginya daya beli terhadap bahan pangan telur ayam, upaya yang dapat dilakukan yaitu dengan menjaga kestabilan harga telur ayam melalui pengendalian harga pakan ternak. Pengendalian harga pakan ternak dapat dilakukan dengan monopoli impor jagung, sebagai input penting bagi industri unggas di bawah BULOG agar mengurangi fleksibilitas impor jagung yang berpotensi mengarah pada kenaikan harga jagung lebih lanjut.

Kata Kunci: Kemiskinan, Ketimpangan Pendapatan, Harga Pangan, Stunting, Pembangunan.

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

This research is titled "The Influence of Poverty, Income Inequality, and Food Prices on Stunting Incidence in Indonesia." The study aims to analyze how poverty, income inequality, and food prices affect the incidence of stunting in Indonesia, as well as to identify the variables that have the greatest influence on this incidence. The research employs a quantitative method using a panel data regression model. Secondary data are obtained from the records of the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, and the Bank Indonesia Strategic Food Price Information Center (PIHPS) for the period from 2018 to 2022 across 34 provinces. The independent variables in this research include poverty, income inequality, beef prices, chicken meat prices, and chicken egg prices, while the dependent variable is the prevalence of stunting. The results of this study indicate that: (1) poverty has a significant negative effect on the incidence of stunting in Indonesia; (2) income inequality has a positive effect on the incidence of stunting in Indonesia; (3) the price of beef has no effect on the incidence of stunting in Indonesia; (4) the price of chicken meat has no effect on the incidence of stunting in Indonesia; (5) the price of chicken eggs has a significant negative effect on the incidence of stunting in Indonesia; and (6) the income inequality variable has the most influence on the incidence of stunting in Indonesia. The implications of these findings suggest that, in efforts to prevent an increase in stunting in Indonesia, it is crucial to implement various policies that address poverty and income inequality. Community empowerment programs that involve citizens directly in the development process are particularly important. It is hoped that through these initiatives, society will become more productive, leading to increased income and improved access to nutrition and health services. Additionally, in response to the high demand for chicken eggs, measures should be taken to maintain stable prices by controlling the cost of animal feed. This can be achieved by monopolizing corn imports, a key input for the poultry industry, under BULOG. Such control would help reduce the volatility of corn prices, which could otherwise lead to further increases.

Keywords: Poverty, Income Inequality, Food Prices, Stunting, Development.

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