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PRABADINI RUWIELANISA

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Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

Kain merupakan produk tekstil yang dapat menjadi mediator pertumbuhan mikroorganisme yang berkontak langsung dengan kulit. Mikroorganisme penyebab infeksinya yaitu Stapyhylococcus aureus. Infeksi mikroorganisme pada kulit melalui kain dapat dicegah dengan memodifikasi permukaan serat kain yaitu pewarnaan dan pelapisan. Pewarnaan dilakukan menggunakan bahan alam seperti daun tanaman. Daun tanaman yang menghasilkan warna yaitu daun ketapang (Terminalia cattapa), strobilanthes (Strobilanthes hamiltoniana) dan rengas (Gluta sp). Senyawa bioaktif dari tanaman dimanfaatkan sebagai agensia antibakteri. Penambahan kitosan sebagai pelapis kain dapat meningkatkan aktivitas antibakteri pada kain. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui potensi aktivitas antibakteri pada kain pewarna alami dengan pelapisan kitosan terhadap pertumbuhan S. aureus, serta untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa bioaktif kain ekstrak pewarna alami yang melekat pada kain. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial. Faktor pertama yaitu tiga jenis ekstrak pewarna alami daun ketapang, strobilanthes dan rengas. Faktor kedua yaitu konsentrasi kitosan yang terdiri atas 5 taraf yaitu 0%, 0,5%, 1%, 1,5%, 2%. Pengujian kain pewarna alami dengan pelapisan kitosan terhadap aktivitas antibakteri S.aureus menggunakan metode difusi agar dengan menempelkan kain diatas media agar yang sudah mengandung inokulum (spread plate). Parameter diukur adalah diameter zona hambat sekitar kain pewarna alami dengan pelapisan kitosan dan kandungan senyawa bioaktif dari kain pewarna alami. Data penghambatan terhadap S.aureus dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dengan taraf kepercayaan 95% dan analisis uji lanjut Duncan dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat interaksi yang signifikan antara penggunaan pewarna alami dan pemberian kitosan pada kain terhadap penghambatan S. aureus, sedangkan perlakuan masing-masing kain dengan pewarna alami ekstrak daun ketapang dan strobilanthes serta pemberian kitosan 2% berpengaruh nyata terhadap penghambatan S. aureus. Analisis senyawa bioaktif melalui uji GC-MS dari ekstrak pewarna alami yang mampu melekat pada kain yaitu dari golongan antraquinon, tanin, senyawa fenol, terpene dan alkaloid

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

Fabric is a textile product made from fibers (natural/synthetic) used to protect the body from harmful objects and exposure to hot or cold weather and microorganisms. The spread of microorganism infection often occurs on fabrics, because fabrics are mediators of microorganism growth that can come into direct contact with the skin.  Skin infections can be caused by pathogenic microorganisms, one of which is Staphylococcus aureus. The natural materials used were sourced from the leaves of plants selected based on their potential to produce color and including indigenous species including ketapang leaves (Terminalia cattapa), strobilanthes (Strobilanthes hamiltoniana) and rengas (Gluta sp).  The selection of plants as a source of natural dyes can utilize their bioactive compounds as antibacterial agents. The addition of chitosan as a polymer material can increase the antibacterial activity of the fabric. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential antibacterial activity of natural dye extracts and chitosan on fabrics against the growth of S. aureus, as well as to determine the active compound content of ketapang, strobilanthes and rengas leaf extracts attached to the fabric.  This research was conducted experimentally using a complete randomized design (CRD) with two factorials. The first factor was three types of natural colorants, namely ketapang, strobilanthes and rengas leaf extracts. The second factor was chitosan concentration which consists of five levels, namely 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%. Testing of natural dye fabrics with chitosan coating on the antibacterial activity of S. aureus using the agar diffusion method by attaching the fabric on top of agar media that already contains a distribution of S. aureus. The main parameter was the diameter of the inhibition zone around the natural dye fabric with chitosan coating. Supporting parameters were the diameter of the clear zone of the natural dye extract, color direction value, color fastness test value against sunlight and washing and the content of bioactive compounds from natural dyes. Inhibition data against S. aureus was analyzed using ANOVA with 95% confidence level and further analysis of Duncan test with 95% confidence level. The research results showed that ketapang and rengas leaf extracts with a concentration of 100% showed significant inhibition of S. aureus growth. However, there was no significant interaction between the use of natural dyes and the application of chitosan to the fabric on the inhibition of S. aureus, while the treatment of each fabric with natural dyes of ketapang and strobilanthes leaf extracts and the application of 2% chitosan had a significant effect on the inhibition of S. aureus. The color fastness value against sunlight as a whole has met the Indonesia National Standard quality requirements, namely a value of 4-5 (good) while against washing has not met the requirements, namely a value of 3-4 (quite good). Analysis of bioactive compounds through GC-MS tests from natural dye extracts that are able to adhere to fabrics, namely from secondary metabolite compounds from the anthraquinone group, tannins, phenol compounds, terpenes and alkaloids.

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