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AINAYA HANIFA NUR AISYA

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Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

Indonesia dikenal sebagai negara yang memiliki kekayaan tambang besar, salah satunya emas. Pertambangan emas rakyat banyak ditemui terutama di DAS Batanghari, Jambi. Kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat mengakibatkan minimnya kontrol penggunaan logam berat merkuri dalam pertambangan. Merkuri digunakan dalam ekstraksi emas pada sistem amalgamasi dan dibuang ke sungai maupun lingkungan sekitar. Merkuri yang sangat beracun menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan dan berdampak bagi kehidupan. Reduksi dilakukan dengan bioremediasi menggunakan mikroba (bakteri, fungi, dan alga) dinilai lebih ekonomis. Fungi indigenous dipilih karena mampu beradaptasi terhadap lingkungan ekstrim dengan konsentrasi logam berat tinggi. Penelitian dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi isolat fungi indigenous DAS Batanghari, Jambi yang berpotensi mereduksi Hg limbah pertambangan emas rakyat dan mengetahui isolat fungi indigenous DAS Batanghari, Jambi terbaik yang mampu mereduksi merkuri Hg limbah pertambangan emas rakyat.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 40 isolat fungi indigenous DAS Batanghari, Jambi hasil isolasi, diperoleh 8 isolat berpotensi mereduksi Hg pertambang emas yakni isolat yang diidentifikasi berasal dari genus Aspergillus (isolat AH9, AH24, AH33, dan C3), Penicillium (isolat AH23), Trichoderma (isolat AH18 dan AH20), dan Fusarium (isolat A32). Persentase reduksi Hg yang diperoleh yakni isolat AH9 dengan persentase sebesar 82,66%, isolat AH23 sebesar 80,92%, AH24 sebesar 79,79%, AH 18 sebesar 73,67%, AH33 sebesar 66,28%, AH20 sebesar 63,28%, C3 sebesar 61,67%, dan AH32 sebesar 59,61%. Isolat terbaik yang mampu mereduksi Hg adalah isolat AH9 (Aspergillus) dengan diameter koloni sebesar 7,85 cm, nilai tingkat hambatan relatif sebesar 8,72%, bobot kering miselium sebesar 1,47 g, dan persentase reduksi Hg sebesar 82,66%.

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

Indonesia is known as a country with large wealth of mining materials, one of which is gold. Artisanal gold mining is common, especially in the Batanghari watershed, Jambi. Lack of public awareness results in minimal control over use of heavy metal mercury in mining. Mercury is used in gold extraction in amalgamation systems and discharged directly into the river and surrounding environment. Mercury is highly  toxic, causing environmental pollution and impacting life. Reduction by bioremediation using microbes (bacteria, fungi, and algae) considered more economical. Indigenous fungi were chosen because able to adapt to extreme environments with high heavy metal concentrations. The research conducted to identify indigenous fungi isolates from Batanghari Watershed, Jambi that have the potential to reduce Hg from gold mining waste and to determine the best indigenous fungi isolates from Batanghari Watershed, Jambi that are able to reduce Hg from gold mining waste.
The research results show that of 40 isolates fungi indigenous from Batanghari watershed in Jambi, 8 isolates have potential to reduce Hg from artisanal gold mining. These isolates identified from the genus Aspergillus (isolates AH9, AH24, AH33, and C3), Penicillium (isolate AH23), Trichoderma (isolates AH18 and AH20), and Fusarium (isolate A32). The percentage of Hg reduction obtained was isolate AH9 with a percentage of 82,66%, AH23 with 80,92%, AH24 with 79,79%, AH18 with of 73,67%, AH33 with 66,28%, AH20 with 63,28%, C3 with 61,67%, and AH32 with a percentage of 59,61%. The best isolate capable of reducing Hg is isolate AH9 (Aspergillus) with colony diameter of 7,85 cm, the relative inhibition value of 8,72%, dry mycelium weight of 1,47 g, and Hg reduction percentage of 82,66%.

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