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Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

Perlintasan traktor di lahan pertanian dapat menimbulkan pemadatan yang berdampak negatif pada pertumbuhan tanaman karena porositas dan kadar air tanah menjadi berkurang, sedangkan bulk density tanah meningkat. Salah satu cara untuk mengurangi pemadatan tanah pada lahan pertanian yaitu dengan penggunaan mulsa organik. Namun demikian, belum banyak kajian tentang mulsa organik sekam padi dan serasah daun bambu terhadap dampak pemadatan tanah akibat perlintasan traktor roda dua khususnya pada kedalaman >30 cm. Penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya rata-rata hanya dilakukan pada kedalaman 0 – 30 cm saja. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini ditujukan untuk (1) mempelajari pengaruh jenis mulsa organik terhadap dampak pemadatan tanah akibat perlintasan traktor roda dua pada kedalaman 0 – 50 cm, (2) menentukan jenis mulsa organik yang paling efektif dalam mengurangi dampak pemadatan tanah akibat perlintasan traktor roda dua, serta (3) mengkaji hubungan antara beberapa variabel sifat fisik tanah terkait dengan pengaruh jenis mulsa organik terhadap dampak pemadatan tanah akibat perlintasan traktor roda dua pada kedalaman 0 – 50 cm.
Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2023 – Maret 2024 di Desa Karangduren, Kecamatan Sokaraja, Kabupaten Banyumas dan Laboratorium Terpadu 1 Integrated Academic Building, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman. Alat yang digunakan meliputi: traktor roda dua, headcore ring sampler, soil ring sampler standar, oven, jangka sorong, timbangan digital, cawan alumunium, falling head meter, dan stopwatch. Sedangkan bahan yang digunakan meliputi: jerami padi, sekam padi, serasah daun bambu, serta 4 petakan lahan yang masing-masing berukuran 1 m × 2 m. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), dengan 4 taraf perlakuan jenis mulsa organik: tanpa mulsa organik (M0), mulsa jerami padi (Mj), mulsa sekam padi (Ms), dan mulsa serasah daun bambu (Md). Variabel yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah: konduktivitas hidrolik jenuh (ks), kadar air tanah (w), dry bulk density (ρd),  wet bulk density (ρw), dan porositas tanah (f). Analisis data menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan Uji Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) α = 5 %.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan ketiga jenis mulsa organik (Mj, Ms, dan Md) cenderung menyebabkan penurunan nilai dry bulk density, yang sejalan dengan peningkatan nilai konduktivitas hidrolik jenuh, porositas, dan kadar air tanah dibandingkan tanpa mulsa organik (M0). Diantara ketiga jenis mulsa organik tersebut, Mj cenderung menghasilkan penurunan terbesar pada nilai dry bulk density, serta peningkatan terbesar pada nilai konduktivitas hidrolik jenuh, porositas, dan kadar air tanah yang diikuti oleh Md dan Ms. Peningkatan kedalaman tanah juga cenderung menghasilkan penurunan nilai dry bulk density dan wet bulk density, yang diikuti dengan peningkatan nilai konduktivitas hidrolik jenuh, porositas, dan kadar air tanah. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang negatif antara dry bulk density dengan konduktivitas hidrolik jenuh dengan R2 = 0,759. Sedangkan hubungan yang positif terjadi pada porositas dan kadar air terhadap konduktivitas hidrolik jenuh dengan nilai R2 secara berturut-turut yaitu 0,759 dan 0,3533.

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

Tractor crossings on agricultural land can cause compaction which has a negative impact on plant growth because soil porosity and water content are reduced, while bulk density land increases. One way to reduce soil compaction on agricultural land is by using organic mulch. However, there have not been many studies on organic mulch of rice husks and bamboo leaf litter on the impact of soil compaction due to the crossing of two-wheeled tractors, especially at a depth of >30 cm. On average, previous studies were only carried out at a depth of 0 – 30 cm. Therefore, this research is aimed at (1) studying the effect of organic mulch on the impact of soil compaction due to two-wheeled tractor crossings at a depth of 0 – 50 cm, (2) determining the type of organic mulch that is most effective in reducing the impact of soil compaction due to tractor crossings. two-wheeled vehicles, and (3) examine the relationship between several physical soil property variables related to the influence of organic mulch types on the impact of soil compaction due to the crossing of two-wheeled tractors at a depth of 0 – 50 cm.
The research was conducted in December 2023 – March 2024 in Desa Karangduren, Kecamatan Sokaraja, Kabupaten Banyumas and Integrated Laboratory 1 Integrated Academic Building, Jenderal Soedirman University. Equipment used includes: two-wheeled tractors, headcore ring sampler, soil ring sampler standard, oven, caliper, digital scale, aluminum cup, falling head meter, and stopwatch. Meanwhile, the materials used include: rice straw, rice husks, bamboo leaf litter, as well as 4 plots of land, each measuring 1 m × 2 m. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with 4 levels of organic mulch type treatment: without organic mulch (M0), rice straw mulch (Mj), rice husk mulch (Ms), and bamboo leaf litter mulch (Md). The variables examined in this research are: saturated hydraulic conductivity (ks), soil water content (w), dry bulk density (ρd),  wet bulk density (ρw), and soil porosity (f). Data analysis using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Test Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) α = 5 %.
The results showed that the use of three types of organic mulch (Mj, Ms, and Md) tends to cause a decrease in value dry bulk density, which is in line with increased values of saturated hydraulic conductivity, porosity, and soil water content compared to without organic mulch (M0). Among the three types of organic mulch, Mj tends to produce the largest decrease in value dry bulk density, as well as the largest increase in the values of saturated hydraulic conductivity, porosity, and soil water content followed by Md and Ms. An increase in soil depth also tends to result in a decrease in value dry bulk density and wet bulk density, which was followed by an increase in the values of saturated hydraulic conductivity, porosity and soil water content. The results of the regression analysis show a negative relationship between dry bulk density with saturated hydraulic conductivity with R2 = 0.759. Meanwhile, a positive relationship occurs between porosity and water content on saturated hydraulic conductivity with the R value2 respectively, namely 0.759 and 0.3533.

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