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MARGARETA NOVIANTI TRINITA

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Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

Hawar daun bakteri (HDB) yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Xanthomonas oryzae pv. 
oryzae (Xoo) merupakan penyakit penting pada tanaman padi karena dapat merusak dan 
menimbulkan kerugian yang besar. Penyakit HDB menjadi semakin penting karena padi 
IR64 yang diadopsi petani di sentra produksi padi di Jawa tidak tahan dengan penyakit 
tersebut. Ekstrak rimpang bangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) dapat menjadi alternatif
pestisida kimia, karena mengandung senyawa fitokimia yang dapat menghambat 
perkembangan bakteri Xoo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan ekstrak 
bangle dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Xoo secara in vitro dan mengetahui 
pengaruh ekstrak bangle terhadap perkembangan penyakit hawar daun bakteri serta 
pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman padi fase vegetatif. Uji antibakteri ekstrak 
pelarut etanol dan air steril dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram pada beberapa 
konsentrasi yaitu 2, 4, 6, 8, 10%. Hasil uji antibakteri dengan konsentrasi masing-masing 
pelarut terbaik diaplikasikan pada uji in planta. Variabel yang diamati adalah komponen 
patosistem berupa masa inkubasi, intensitas penyakit, laju infeksi, AUDPC dan komponen 
agronomi berupa tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah anakan, kehijauan daun, bobot basah dan kering tanaman, serta bobot basah dan kering tajuk. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA pada taraf kesalahan 95% dan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan (DMRT) pada taraf kesalahan 5%. Hasil uji antibakteri menunjukkan ekstrak bangle 10% dengan pelarut etanol 96% dan air steril mempunyai daya hambat paling besar. Hasil tersebut diterapkan pada uji in planta dan diperoleh hasil ekstrak bangle pelarut air steril berbeda nyata dari segi intensitas penyakit. Namun, tidak memberikan pengaruh apapun terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman padi fase vegetatif.

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
(Xoo) is an important disease of rice plants because it can damage and cause large losses.
BLB disease is becoming increasingly important because the IR64 rice adopted by farmers 
in rice production centers in Java is not resistant to the disease. An alternative to chemical 
pesticides in controlling BLB is the use of plant extract. Bangle rhizome (Zingiber 
cassumunar Roxb.) extract could be an alternative, because it contains flavonoid, quinone, 
steroid, and triterpenoid compounds which can inhibit the development of Xoo bacteria. This research aims to determine the ability of bangle extract to develop Xoo in vitro and determine the effect of bangle extract on the development of BLB and its effect on the plant growth of rice plants in the vegetative phase. The antibacterial test of ethanol and sterile water solvent extracts was carried out using the disc diffusion method at several concentrations, namely 2, 4, 6, 8, 10%. The results of the antibacterial test with the best concentration of each solvent were applied to the in planta test. The variables observed were incubation period, disease intensity, infection rate, and AUDPC, plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, leaf greennes, plant wet and dry weight, and crown wet and dry weight. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at the 95% level and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the 5% error level. Antibacterial test results showed that 10% bangle extract with 96% ethanol solvent and sterile water had biggest inhibitory power. These results were applied to in planta tests and obtained results from sterile water solvent bangle extract which were significantly different in terms of disease intensity. However, it does not have any effect on the growth of rice plant in the vegetative phase

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