Update Artikelilmiah: 38497

DIFA SRI MUTHIA

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Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

Penelitian bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui distribusi penyakit layu fusarium pada tanaman pisang dan inang alternatifnya di Kabupaten Banyumas, (2) menilai kejadian penyakit layu fusarium pada tanaman pisang di Kabupaten Banyumas, (3) mengetahui karakteristik F. oxysporum penyebab penyakit layu fusarium pada tanaman pisang dan inang alternatif di Kabupaten Banyumas, dan (4) menentukan patogenisitas Fusarium oxysporum pada beberapa kultivar pisang. Penelitian terdiri dari tiga tahap yaitu survei dan pengambilan sampel pada pertanaman pisang di Kecamatan Baturraden, Rawalo, Wangon, Purwojati, Gumelar, Ajibarang, Kemranjen, dan Somagede. Identifikasi dan karakterisasi patogen, serta uji patogenisitas dilakukan di Laboratorium Perlindungan Tanaman dan screen house Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman. Sampel tanaman bergejala layu fusarium diidentifikasi secara morfologis meliputi karakter makroskopis, mikroskopis serta aroma senyawa volatil yang dihasilkan. Uji patogenisitas dilakukan dengan menginokulasikan suspensi F. oxysporum isolat pisang dan talas pada bibit pisang kultivar Cavendish, Mas, Raja, dan Kepok. Variabel yang diamati meliputi kejadian penyakit, masa inkubasi, intensitas penyakit, serta Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penyakit layu fusarium tersebar merata di Kabupaten Banyumas dengan kejadian penyakit mencapai 50%. Isolat F. oxysporum penyebab penyakit layu fusarium pisang di Kabupaten Banyumas memiliki kecenderungan karakteristik yang mirip dengan F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), yaitu morfologi koloni yang beragam, mikrokonidium berbentuk oval bersekat tunggal, dan makrokonidium yang khas berbentuk lurus sampai sabit bersekat. F. oxysporum isolat pisang dan talas asal Banyumas bersifat patogenik pada empat kultivar pisang. Intensitas penyakit berturut-turut sebagai berikut, Cavendish (90,14% dan 90,73%), Mas (86,00% dan 93,24%), Raja (83,16% dan 89,69%), dan Kepok (92,34% dan 85,28%).

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

This study aims to (1) determine the distribution of fusarium wilt disease on banana plants and alternative hosts in Banyumas Regency, (2) assess the incidence of fusarium wilt disease on banana plants in Banyumas Regency, (3) determine the characteristics of Fusarium oxysporum which causes fusarium wilt disease on banana plants and alternative hosts in Banyumas Regency, and (4) determine the pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum causing fusarium wilt disease in several banana cultivars. The study consists of three stages, i.e survey and sampling on banana plantations in Baturraden, Rawalo, Wangon, Purwojati, Gumelar, Ajibarang, Kemranjen, and Somagede districts. Identification and characterization of pathogens, as well as pathogenicity tests were carried out at the Plant Protection Laboratory and screen house, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University. Samples of plants with fusarium wilt symptoms were identified morphologically including macroscopic, microscopic characters and volatile odor of isolates. Pathogenicity test was carried out by inoculating F. oxysporum suspension of isolates from banana and taro on the banana seed of Cavendish, Mas, Raja, and Kepok cultivars. The variables observed were disease incidence, incubation period, disease intensity, and Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC). The results showed that fusarium wilt was equally distributed in Banyumas Regency with an incidence reached 50%. F. oxysporum isolate which causes fusarium wilt of banana in Banyumas Regency has the same characteristics as F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), i.e diverse colony morphology, single-septate oval-shaped microconidium, and typical straight to sickle-shaped macroconidium. F. oxysporum isolates from banana and taro from Banyumas were pathogenic in four banana cultivars, with the following disease intensities, Cavendish (90.14% and 90.73%), Mas (86.00% and 93.24%) , Raja (83.16% and 89.69%), and Kepok (92.34% and 85.28%).

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