Update Artikelilmiah: 25885

YULIA CAROLINE

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Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : 1) mengidentifikasi pola pewarisan sifat agronomi pada populasi F2 hasil persilangan kedelai Varietas Grobogan >< Genotipe asal Nigeria, 2) mengetahui keragaman genetik sifat agronomi pada F2 hasil persilangan kedelai Varietas Grobogan >< Genotipe asal Nigeria, 3) menentukan nilai heritabilitas arti luas pada sifat agronomi dari F2 hasil persilangan kedelai Varietas Grobogan >< Genotipe asal Nigeria, 4) mengetahui penampilan agronomi populasi Grobogan, Nigeria dan F2 hasil persilangan kedelai Varietas Grobogan >< Genotipe asal Nigeria, 5) menentukan sifat agronomi yang dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai indikator seleksi untuk menghasilkan genotipe kedelai yang berdaya hasil tinggi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di screen house dan  Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman dan Bioteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman (UNSOED dan berlangsung pada Bulan Oktober 2018-April 2019. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dan augmented design dengan 3 blok. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-square, analisis keragaman genetik, analisis heritabilitas arti luas dan perhitungan rerata untuk setiap variabel pengamatan. Variabel pengamatan meliputi: tinggi tanaman, umur berbunga, umur panen, jumlah polong total, jumlah polong isi, jumlah biji total, bobot biji per tanaman, bobot 100 biji, bobot brangkasan kering, warna bunga dan bentuk biji. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pewarisan sifat agronomi pada umur berbunga dan jumlah biji total populasi F2 mengikuti nisbah (9 : 6 : 1); umur panen, jumlah polong isi, warna bunga dan bentuk biji mengikuti nisbah (3 :1);  jumlah polong total dan bobot brangkasan kering mengikuti nisbah (15 : 1); tinggi tanaman mengikuti nisbah (9:7), dan diduga dikendalikan oleh sedikit gen (single-genik); sedangkan  bobot biji per tanaman dan bobot 100 biji mengikuti nisbah 1 : 4 : 6 : 4 : 1 dan diduga dikendalikan oleh banyak gen (poligenik). Jumlah polong total dan jumlah polong isi memiliki nilai keragaman genetik luas dan nilai heritabilitas tinggi. Penampilan tinggi tanaman, umur berbunga, umur panen, jumlah polong total, bobot 100 biji, dan bobot brangkasan kering populasi F2 menunjukan rerata di antara dua tetuanya, sedangkan jumlah polong isi, jumlah biji total, dan bobot biji per tanaman menunjukan rerata di atas kedua tetuanya. Jumlah polong total dan jumlah polong isi dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai indikator seleksi untuk menghasilkan genotipe kedelai berdaya hasil tinggi.

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

This research aimed to : 1) identify the agronomic inheritance pattern of F2 populations from Grobogan varieties crossed with Nigerian genotype hybridization, 2) determine genetic variance of agronomic traits of F2 populations from Grobogan varieties crossed with Nigerian genotype hybridization, 3) determine the broad-sense heritability of F2 population from Grobogan varieties crossed with Nigerian genotype hybridization, 4) determine the agronomic performances populations of Grobogan, Nigeria, and F2  populations from Grobogan crossed with Nigerian Varieties, 5) determine agronomic traits which can likely be used as selection indicators to get the soybean genotype which has high productivity.  The reasearch team of Plant Breeding and Biotechnologgy Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty, Jenderal Soedirman University (UNSOED) cunducted soybean crossing between Grobogan varieties with  Nigerian genotipe hybridization and expected the new superior varieties would have high productivity, large  seed, and short age. Prior to this, the research had planted the first fillial (F1). The current  research observed the second fillial (F2). The research was conducted at the screen house and Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty, Jenderal Soedirman University (UNSOED) in October 2018 to April 2019. The design used was Randomized Block Design (RBD) and augmented Design with 3 blocks. The data was analyzed using Chi-square test, genetic varians analysis, broad-sense heritability analysis, and average for each variables observation. The characters observed included plant height, flower age, harvest age, number of total pods, number of filled pods, number of total seeds, seed weight per plant, 100 seed weight, dry stover weight, color of flower, and shape of seed. The result showed that the agronomic inheritance pattern of F2 populations on the flower age and number of total seeds followed 9 : 6 : 1 ratio, the harvest age, number of filled pods, color of flower and shape seed followed 3 : 1 ratio, the number of total pods and dry stover weight followed 15 : 1 ratio, the plant height followed 9 : 7 ratio and indicating that the traits were controlled by many genes (poligenic), while the seed weight per plant and 100 seed weight followed 1 : 4 : 6 : 4 : 1 ratio and indicating that the traits were controlled by single genes (singlegenic). The number of total pods and number of filled pods had wide gentic varians value and high heritability value. The average performances of F2 populations on plant height, flower age, harvest age, 100 seed weight, and dry stover weight were between the parents, while the number of total pods, number of filled pods, number of total seeds, and seed weight per plant an average of above the parents. The number of total pods and number of filled pods can likely be used as selection indicators to get the soybean genotype which has high productivity.

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