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Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

Penyakit busuk pangkal batang (BPB) disebabkan oleh Ganoderma boninense merupakan penyakit penting pada perkebunan kelapa sawit yang mengakibatkan kerugian besar pada produksi tandan buah segar. Perbedaan ekspresi gen mempengaruhi respon ketahanan tanaman terhadap G. boninense. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat ekspresi gen putatif spesifik pada tanaman kelapa sawit hasil persilangan yang diduga rentan dan moderat tahan terhadap G. boninense. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Biokimia dan Biologi Molekuler Pusat Penelitian Bioteknologi dan Bioindustri Indonesia Bogor pada bulan Oktober sampai dengan Desember 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (real-time qPCR) sebagai metode yang umum digunakan untuk studi ekspresi gen. Dua genotipe tanaman kelapa sawit rentan dan satu genotipe tanaman kelapa sawit moderat tahan terhadap G. boninense dilakukan pengujian kuantitatif menggunakan lima primer yang mengkode gen putatif yang diduga berhubungan dengan penyakit busuk pangkal batang. Gen putatif tersebut, yaitu EgMIK1, EgWAKL5, EgSOT12, EgACO1, dan EgGSTU19. Gen housekeeping EgActin digunakan sebagai gen referensi pada kontrol internal proses real-time qPCR. Variabel yang diamati terdiri atas amplification plot, melting curve, ekspresi basal, dan nilai rasio ekspresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lima gen putatif diregulasi secara berbeda antara genotipe tanaman kelapa sawit A09, 23 dan 27. Ekspresi gen putatif dibandingkan antara genotipe tanaman kelapa sawit yang rentan (A09 dan 23) dan moderat tahan (27). Tiga gen putatif up-regulated EgACO1, EgSOT12, dan EgWAKL5 pada akar dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai biomarker positif yang potensial untuk tanaman kelapa sawit yang rentan. Hasil menunjukkan perbedaan regulasi molekuler antara tanaman kelapa sawit yang rentan dan moderat tahan terhadap G. boninense.

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

Basal stem rot (BSR) caused by Ganoderma boninense is an important disease in oil palm plantations that caused high loss of the production of fresh fruit bunch. Differential expressed genes influence resistance responses of plant to G. boninense. This research aimed to determine the expression level of specific putative genes in oil palms from crosses that are susceptible and moderate resistance while attacked by G. boninense. This research was conducted at Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory in Indonesian Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioindustry Bogor started from October until December 2018. Real-time qPCR approach was used as a method is commonly used to study genes expression. Two susceptible and one moderate resistance oil palm genotype to G. boninense were by quantitative assays using five primers allegedly encoded putative genes related to basal stem rot disease. The putative genes were EgMIK1, EgWAKL5, EgSOT12, EgACO1, and EgGSTU19. A housekeeping gene like EgActin used as a reference gene in internal control of a real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (real-time qPCR) process. The observed parameters consist of the amplification plot, melting curve, basal expression and expression ratio value. The result showed that five putative genes were differentially regulated between A09, 23 and 27 oil palm genotype. The expression of these putative genes was compared between susceptible (A09 and 23) and moderate resistance (27) oil palm genotype. Three up-regulated putative genes EgACO1, EgSOT12 and EgWAKL5 in root can be considered as potential positive biomarkers for susceptible oil palm. The results suggested distinct molecular regulation between susceptible and moderate resistance oil palm to G. boninense.

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