Update Artikelilmiah: 18009

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Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji keefektifan metabolit sekunder isolat Trichoderma harzianum, jahe dan bawang merah maupun gabungannya, terhadap penyakit hawar daun bakteri (HDB) dan terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman padi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai bulan Oktober 2016 sampai dengan Februari 2017 dan berlokasi di lahan sawah endemis penyakit HDB di Desa Tambak Sogra, Kecamatan Sumbang, Kabupaten Banyumas dengan ketinggian tempat 225 m di atas permukaan laut, dan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jenderal Soedirman. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap pada pengujian in vitro dan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok pada uji in vivo dengan 4 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas kontrol, metabolit sekunder T. harzianum isolat jahe, isolat bawang, serta gabungan isolat jahe dan bawang merah. Variabel yang diamati yaitu masa inkubasi, intensitas penyakit, tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, bobot brangkasan basah dan kering, bobot gabah basah dan kering per rumpun, analisis jaringan dan daya hambat secara in vitro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan metabolit sekunder T. harzianum isolat jahe, bawang merah dan gabungan mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in vitro masing-masing sebesar 21,66, 18,33, dan 23,33%. Perlakuan metabolit sekunder T. harzianum pada masing-masing perlakuan isolat jahe, bawang merah dan gabungan mampu menunda masa inkubasi sebesar 12,37; 11,40; dan 13,06%, menekan intensitas penyakit HDB masing-masing sebesar 29,38; 28,69; dan 30,01%. Metabolit sekunder T. harzianum isolat jahe dan isolat bawang mampu meningkatkan bobot gabah basah masing-masing sebesar 36,04 dan 37,12%. T. harzianum gabungan isolat jahe dan bawang mampu meningkatkan kandungan senyawa fenol (saponin, tanin dan glikosida) di dalam jaringan tanaman yang berperan dalam mengimbas ketahanan tanaman terhadap penyakit HDB.

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

This study aimed to test the ability of T. harzianum secondary metabolites from two isolates (ginger and shallot isolates) alone and their combination in controlling the disease and its effects on the growth and yields of Situ Bagendit variety rice. This research was caried out from October 2016 up to February 2017 located in BLB endemic rice field at Tambak Sogra Village, Sumbang Sub-District, Banyumas Regency with the altitude of 225 m above sea level, and the Laboratory of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University. Completely randomized design was used for in vitro test and randomized block design was used for in vivo one with four treatments and six replicates. The treatments consisted of control, T. harzianum secondary metabolites of ginger, shallot and combined isolates. Variables observed were incubation period, disease intensity, crop height, number of tillers, wet and dry weight of crops, wet and dry weight of grain per clumps, tissue analysis, and inhibition rate in vitro. Result of the research showed that T. harzianum secondary metabolites of the ginger, shallot and their combine isolates  could inhibit the growth of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in vitro as 21,66, 18,33, and 23,33%,  respectively. All treatments of T. harzianum secondary metabolites could delay the incubation period as 12,37; 11,40; and 13,06% respectively, able to suppress the disease intensity by 29,38; 28,69; dan 30,01%, respectively. T. harzianum secondary metabolites of ginger and shallot isolates could increase wet grain weight as 36,04 dan 37,12% respectively. T. harzianum combine isolates could increase the content of phenolic compound (saponins, tannins and glycosides) in the rice.

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