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Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

Sorgum manis (sorghum bicolor L. moench) memiliki daya serap yang tinggi terhadap N dan P dalam tanah, sehingga dapat dijadikan media bioremediasi tanah. Selain itu, tanaman ini pun memiliki kadar gula yang tinggi sehingga dapat dijadikan bahan baku bioetanol. Namun keefektifitasan daya serap sorgum manis terhadap air dan nutrisi serta produktifitasnya khususnya di daerah tropis belum banyak diketahui. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi kesetimbangan air dan nutrisi tanah pada budidaya sorgum manis dengan variasi jenis pupuk dan dosis arang sekam. Penelitian ini dilakukan di lahan percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Unsoed Purwokerto dengan menggunakan 7 variasi perlakuan, yaitu pupuk anorganik + arang 10 ton/ha (A1K), pupuk anorganik + arang 20 ton/ha (A2K), pupuk anorganik + arang 30 ton/ha (A3K) + pupuk organik + arang 10 ton/ha (A1O), pupuk organik + arang 20 ton/ha (A2O), pupuk organik + arang 30 ton/ha (A3O), dan tanpa perlakuan (kontrol), masing-masing 5 ulangan. Variabel yang diamati antara lain dinamika/kesetimbangan air tanah (kadar air volumetrik, kepadatan dan konduktivitas hidrolik tanah), dinamika/kesetimbangan nutrisi tanah (N total dan P total) dan produktivitas tanaman (bobot tanaman basah dan kering, serta brix). Analisis sifat fisik tanah dan fenologi tanaman dilakukan dengan metode gravimetri sedangkan nutrisi tanah menggunakan metode Kjeldahl dan Kalorimetri kemudian ditampilkan dalam bentuk grafik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Daya serap air tanah perlakuan A1K, A2K, A3K, A1O, A2O, A3O dan kontrol, berturut-turut adalah 70,06; 57,88; 57,29; 50,61; 54,59; 55,87; 127,55 mm. (2) Daya serap nutrisi pada perlakuan yang sama adalah 1,39; 0,47; 3,06; 0,38; 1,71; 0,55; 0,45 kg/ha untuk nitrogen total, dan 0,28; 0,29; 0,14; 0,04; 0,06; 0,03; 0,01 kg/ha untuk fosfor total. (3) Perlakuan A1O menunjukkan hasil yang optimal dan lebih sesuai untuk diaplikasikan pada budidaya sorgum manis.

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

Sweet sorghum has a high rate of uptake to N and P on soil, so that it could be used as soil bioremediation medium. Beside, this crop also has high sugar content (brix), that it could be used as raw material for bio-ethanol .However,  the effectivity of the crop to uptake  water and nutrients as well as the productivity especially in tropical area has not widely known yet. The research purposes were to identify water and nutrient balance in sweet sorghum cultivation with varied fertilizers types and rice-husk charcoal dosage. This research carried out at a research field of the Faculty of Agricultural, Jenderal Soedirman University under 7 varied of treatments; inorganic fertilizer + rice-husk charcoal of 10 tons/ha (A1K), inorganic fertilizer + rice-husk charcoal of 20 tons/ha (A2K), inorganic fertilizer + rice-husk charcoal of 30 tons/ha (A3K), organic fertilizer + rice-husk charcoal of 10 tons/ha (A1O), organic fertilizer + rice-husk charcoal of 20 tons/ha (A2O), organic fertilizer + rice-husk charcoal of 30 tons/ha (A3O), and without treatment (control), with 5 replications. The variables observed in this study were soil water dynamics/balances (volumetric water content, density, and hydraulic conductivity), nutrient dynamic/balances (total N and total P) and crop productivity (wet and dry plant weight and brix). Soil physical properties of soils and crop fenology were analyzed by gravimetric method while soil nutrients were analyzed by Kjeldahl and Calorimetric methods, and then shown graphically. The results of this study were (1) Soil water storage(∆S) of A1K, A2K, A3K, A1O, A2O, A3O, and control were 70,06; 57,88; 57,29; 50,61; 54,59; 55,87; 127,55 mm, respectively. (2) Soil nutrient uptake for the same treatments were 1,39; 0,47; 3,06; 0,38; 1,71; 0,55; 0,45 kg/ha of total nitrogen, and 0,28; 0,29; 0,14; 0,04; 0,06; 0,03; 0,01 kg/ha of total phosphor, respectively. (3) The treatment of organic fertilizer + rice-husk charcoal 10 tons/ha might resulted in an optimal productivity and be more suitable to be applied in sweet sorghum cultivation.

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