Update Artikelilmiah: 13959

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Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

Erosi adalah peristiwa pengikisan tanah oleh air atau angin yang mengakibatkan degradasi lingkungan. Sistem guludan horizontal diduga dapat menurunkan tingkat erosi tanah, terlebih jika diaplikasikan bersamaan dengan bioarang dan mulsa, tetapi hal ini belum banyak dikaji lebih dalam dan komprehensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya run off, kehilangan tanah, perkolasi, serta sifat fisik dan dinamika (neraca) air tanah pada guludan horizontal dengan aplikasi bioarang dan variasi jenis mulsa pada percobaan skala laboratorium dengan bantuan rainfall simulator. Perlakuan yang diuji terdiri atas mulsa plastik (MP), mulsa jerami (MJ), dan tanpa mulsa (TM). Variabel yang diukur meliputi run off, kehilangan tanah, serta sifat fisik dan kesetimbangan (neraca) air tanah. Analisis menggunakan perhitungan data terukur dan prediksi kehilangan tanah dengan metode Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) dan disajikan dalam bentuk grafik. Besarnya kehilangan tanah terukur pada (MP) 44,58 ton/ha, (MJ) 49,61 ton/ha, dan (TM) 57,27 ton/ha, sedangkan untuk kehilangan tanah menggunakan prediksi metode USLE sebesar (MP) 68,55 ton/ha, (MJ) 68,55 ton/ha, dan (TM) 244,82 ton/ha. Berdasarkan nilai input hujan (diasumsikan 100%), maka presentase nilai output pada TM: run off 10%, perkolasi 68,6%, Δ Storage 6,1%, dan genangan 15,3%; MP: run off 6,3%, perkolasi 68,8%, Δ Storage 5,5%, dan genangan 19,4%; dan MJ: run off sebesar 8,7%, perkolasi 67%, Δ Storage 5,5%, dan genangan 18,8%. Kombinasi bioarang dan penggunaan mulsa yang sesuai dilihat dari aspek kemampuan menjaga sifat fisik tanah serta menurunkan tingkat erosi adalah kombinasi perlakuan mulsa plastik (MP).

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

Erosion is the process of soil particle detachment and movement by water or wind resulting in environmental degradation. Horizontal ridges system as expected capable to reduce the level of soil erosion, especially when it is applied in combination with biochar and mulch, but this has not been studied or investigated more detail and comprehensively. This study was aimed to determine the amount of the run off, soil loss, percolation, and soil physical properties and water dynamics (balance) under the horizontal ridges system with biochar application and various types of mulches in a laboratory scale experiment with help of rainfall simulator. The investigated treatment consisted of plastic mulch (MP), straw mulch (MJ), and without mulch (TM). The measured variables comprised run off, soil loss, soil physical properties and water balance. The analysis in this study was conducted by calculating the measured and predicted soil loss by Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), and presented in graphically. The amount of soil loss measured MP 44.58 ton/ha, MJ 49.61 ton/ha, and TM 57.27 ton/ha, while predicted soil loss using USLE prediction method of (MP) 68.55 ton/ha, (MJ) 68.55 ton/ha, and (TM) 244.82 ton/ha. Based on the input value of rainfall (assumed to be 100%), the percentage output value in TM: run-off of 10%, percolation of 68.6%, Δ Storage of 6.1%, and a puddle of 15.3%; MP: run-off of 6.3%, percolation of 68.8%, Δ Storage of 5.5%, and a puddle of 19.4%; and MJ: run-off of 8.7%, percolation of 67%, Δ Storage of 5.5%, and a puddle of 18.8%. An appropriate combination biochar and mulch from of capability in maintaining soil physical properties and reduce soil loss was plastic mulch treatments (MP).

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