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PANGESTI SEKRETARIANI

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Abstrak (Bhs. Indonesia)

ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) adalah suatu bentuk integrasi ekonomi ASEAN dimana komunitas negara-negara di kawasan Asia Tenggara bergabung dalam system perdagangan bebas antar negara-negara ASEAN yang lebih dinamis dan kompetitif dengan mekanisme dan langkah-langkah untuk memperkuat ekonomi, mempercepat integrasi regional di sektor-sektor prioritas, memfasilitasi pergerakan bisnis, tenaga kerja terampil dan berbakat. AEC akan membuka liberalisasi 12 Priority Integration Sector (PIS) yaitu produk pertanian, angkutan udara, otomotif, e-ASEAN, elektronik, perikanan, kesehatan, produk karet, tekstil dan apparel, pariwisata, produk kayu, dan jasa logistik. Penghapusan hambatan tariff dan non-tarif diduga menjamin kelancaran arus barang di ASEAN, baik untuk keperluan pasokan bahan baku maupun barang jadi.
Kopi merupakan komoditas unggulan ekspor Indonesia dalam perdagangan intra ASEAN. Indonesia merupakan negara yang memiliki luas areal perkebunan dan varietas tanaman kopi tertinggi di ASEAN. Namun kondisi tersebut tidak menjadikan produksi dan nilai ekspor kopi Indonesia berada pada posisi pertama di kawasan ASEAN. Posisi ekspor kopi Indonesia mencerminkan kekuatan daya saing Indonesia. Dalam suatu system perdagangan bebas, negara yang memiliki daya saing paling tinggi adalah negara yang muncul sebagai pemenang. Sedangkan untuk negara yang gagal dalam peningkatan daya saing akan sulit menikmati keuntungan dan cenderung hanya akan menjadi pasar bagi negara lain saja. Berdasarkan fenomena tersebut penelitian ini mencoba untuk menganalisis daya saing komoditas kopi Indonesia di pasar ASEAN tahun 2009-2013 dari segi posisi perdagangan dan tahapan perkembangan menggunakan Indeks Spesialisasi Perdagangan (ISP),  analisis keunggulan komparatif menggunakan Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) serta keunggulan kompetitif menggunakan Export Product Dynamics (EPD).
	Ditinjau dari segi posisi perdagangan dan tahapan perkembangan, komoditas Coffee, not roasted, not decaffeinated; Coffee, not roasted, decaffeinated dan Coffee extract berdaya saing kuat dan berspesialisasi sebagai eksportir sedangkan Coffee, roasted, not decaffeinated dan Coffee, roasted, decaffeinated berdaya saing lemah dan berspesialisasi sebagai importir pada tahun-tahun awal penelitian.  Analisis keunggulan komparatif menunjukkan Coffee, not roasted, not decaffeinated dan Coffee extract berdaya saing kuat sedangkan Coffee, not roasted, decaffeinated; Coffee, roasted, not decaffeinated dan Coffee, roasted, decaffeinated rata-rata berdaya saing lemah. Keunggulan kompetitif menunjukkan posisi Rising Star dicapai oleh Coffee, not roasted, not decaffeinated; Coffee, roasted,not decaffeinated; Coffee, roasted, decaffeinated danCoffee extract. Sedangkan Coffee, not roasted, decaffeinated mencapai posisi Lost Opportunity.

Kata Kunci : AEC, DayaSaing, Kopi, Posisi Perdagangan dan Tahapan Perkembangan, Keunggulan Komparatif dan Kompetitif.

Abtrak (Bhs. Inggris)

ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) is an economic intergration of ASEAN in which the community of nations in the region of Southeast Asia incorporated on the system of free trade between ASEAN nations to make it more dynamic and competitive with the mechanism and steps to strengthen the economy, accelerate regional integration in priority sectors, provide the mobility of business, and also skilled and talented labor. AEC will make the liberalization of 12 Priority Integration Sector (PIS), those are, agriculture product, air transportation, automotive, e-ASEAN, electronic, fishery, health care, rubber product, textile and apparel, tourism, wood product, and logistic service. Abolishment of tariff and non-tariff restriction allegedly ensure the regularity of flow of goods in ASEAN, both of the supply of raw and final materials.
Coffee is export superior commodities of Indonesia on intra-ASEAN trade. Indonesia is a nation which has extended plantation area and the highest varieties of coffee in ASEAN. However, that condition does not make the production and coffee export assessment of Indonesia on the first position in ASEAN region. The position of coffee export in Indonesia reflected the Indonesian strength of competitiveness. In the free trade system, the nation which has the highest competitiveness is the winner. Meanwhile, the defeated nation in development of competitiveness will be difficult to relish the profit and tend to be the only market to the other nations. Based on the phenomenon, this research tries to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian coffee commodities in ASEAN market at 2009-2013 from trade terms and the stage of development using Trade Spesialization Index (TSI), analysis of comparative advantage using Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and competitive advantage using Export Product Dynamics (EPD).
In terms of the trade position and development stage, Coffee, not roasted, not decaffeinated; Coffee, not roasted, decaffeinated and Coffee extract have intense and specialist as the exporter. Whereas, the Coffee, roasted, not decaffeinated and Coffee, roasted, decaffeinated have low competitiveness and specialist as the importer in early years of the research. The analysis of the comparative advantage showed that Coffee, not roasted, not decaffeinated and Coffee extract have high competitiveness, meanwhile Coffee, not roasted, decaffeinated; Coffee, roasted, not decaffeinated and Coffee, roasted, decaffeinated have average low competitiveness. The competitive advantage showed the position of Rising Star gained by Coffee, not roasted, not decaffeinated; Coffee, roasted, not decaffeinated; Coffee, roasted, decaffeinated and Coffee extract. Meanwhile, Coffee, not roasted, decaffeinated reached the position of Lost Opportunity.
Keywords : AEC, Competitiveness, Coffee, Trade Position and The Stage of Development, Comparative and Competitive Advantage.

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